在該遺(yi)址發(fa)現(xian)龍(long)山(shan)文化(hua)(hua)、岳石文化(hua)(hua)、早商和(he)晚商依次疊壓的(de)文化(hua)(hua)層。其(qi)(qi)中龍(long)山(shan)文化(hua)(hua)的(de)房址分布比(bi)較密集,是(shi)研究龍(long)山(shan)文化(hua)(hua)聚落比(bi)較典型的(de)材料(liao),尤其(qi)(qi)是(shi)門道(dao)下(xia)發(fa)現(xian)了類似后世的(de)人祭現(xian)象,對進一步(bu)了解(jie)當(dang)時的(de)社會(hui)面貌提供了極(ji)其(qi)(qi)重要的(de)線索。
與(yu)在曹縣莘冢集(ji)發現的龍山文化(hua)面(mian)貌基本相同,與(yu)豫東商丘地(di)區(qu)及造律(lv)臺龍山文化(hua)比較接近,應該屬于河(he)南龍山文化(hua)系統。
該處發(fa)現(xian)的岳石文(wen)化(hua),填補了岳石文(wen)化(hua)在魯西南(nan)(nan)地區分布的空白,填補了魯西南(nan)(nan)地區龍山文(wen)化(hua)與商(shang)(shang)(shang)文(wen)化(hua)之間的缺(que)環。發(fa)現(xian)的商(shang)(shang)(shang)文(wen)化(hua)遺存(cun),從早商(shang)(shang)(shang)到晚(wan)商(shang)(shang)(shang)幾乎沒有間斷,為研究商(shang)(shang)(shang)人在東(dong)方(fang)的發(fa)展提(ti)供了重要(yao)依(yi)據。
在山東(dong)省境(jing)內(nei)京滬鐵路以東(dong)地(di)區曾發現(xian)岳石文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)遺址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),但在京滬鐵路以西(xi)(xi)地(di)區,有(you)(you)關岳石文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)遺址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)只有(you)(you)菏澤安邱堌堆(dui)遺址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。該堌堆(dui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發掘(jue),將岳石文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)分布范(fan)圍擴大到山東(dong)省的(de)(de)(de)(de)西(xi)(xi)南(nan)邊緣地(di)區。岳石文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)在山東(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)分布從(cong)東(dong)到西(xi)(xi)連成一(yi)片。故這里的(de)(de)(de)(de)岳石文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)命名為“安邱類(lei)型(xing)”。安邱堌推遺址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)商(shang)(shang)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)層是從(cong)早商(shang)(shang)到晚商(shang)(shang)連續堆(dui)積的(de)(de)(de)(de),這在全國其它商(shang)(shang)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)遺址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中尚(shang)屬少有(you)(you),由此證(zheng)實了學術(shu)界(jie)關于商(shang)(shang)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)分期是可靠的(de)(de)(de)(de),對進(jin)一(yi)步研究商(shang)(shang)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua),了解當時的(de)(de)(de)(de)社會面貌提供了極其重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)線(xian)索(suo)和依(yi)據。
在史籍記載中(zhong),見到關于(yu)龍的(de)(de)(de)文(wen)字記錄是在山(shan)東(dong)菏(he)(he)澤(ze)市所(suo)轄的(de)(de)(de)古雷(lei)澤(ze),古菏(he)(he)澤(ze)。上(shang)古時候,菏(he)(he)澤(ze)市境(jing)內有(you)雷(lei)津(jin)、大(da)野澤(ze)、孟渚澤(ze)、菏(he)(he)澤(ze)和濟水(shui)(shui)(shui)、濮水(shui)(shui)(shui)、沮水(shui)(shui)(shui)、澭水(shui)(shui)(shui)、丹水(shui)(shui)(shui)、菏(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)。這“四(si)澤(ze)六水(shui)(shui)(shui)”成了北(bei)方巨型灣鱷的(de)(de)(de)生棲之地。
《左傳》就記載(zai)堯(yao)舜(shun)時董(dong)父(fu)在(zai)定陶(tao)(tao)為帝(di)(di)舜(shun)養龍(long)(long)(long)的事。曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“董(dong)父(fu),實甚好龍(long)(long)(long),能求(qiu)其耆欲(yu)以(yi)飲食(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),龍(long)(long)(long)多歸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。乃(nai)擾(rao)(rao)畜龍(long)(long)(long),以(yi)服事帝(di)(di)舜(shun)。帝(di)(di)賜(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)姓曰(yue)(yue)(yue)董(dong),氏(shi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)豢龍(long)(long)(long)。封諸鬷川,鬷夷氏(shi)其后(hou)也(ye)。故帝(di)(di)舜(shun)氏(shi)世(shi)有(you)畜龍(long)(long)(long)。及(ji)有(you)夏孔(kong)(kong)甲,擾(rao)(rao)于有(you)帝(di)(di)。帝(di)(di)賜(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乘龍(long)(long)(long),河漢各二,各有(you)雌雄,孔(kong)(kong)甲不能食(shi),而未獲豢龍(long)(long)(long)氏(shi)。有(you)陶(tao)(tao)唐氏(shi)既衰,其后(hou)有(you)劉累,學擾(rao)(rao)龍(long)(long)(long)于豢龍(long)(long)(long)氏(shi),以(yi)事孔(kong)(kong)甲能飲食(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。夏后(hou)嘉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),賜(si)氏(shi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)御龍(long)(long)(long),以(yi)豕(shi)韋(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)。龍(long)(long)(long)一雌死、潛醢以(yi)食(shi)夏后(hou)。夏后(hou)饗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),既而使求(qiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。懼(ju)而遷于魯縣,范氏(shi)其后(hou)也(ye)。”
鬷(zong)川,在今定陶(tao)縣東北菏(he)澤之濱也(ye):擾龍(long),即訓養鱷魚(yu)也(ye)。以上(shang)是說(shuo)一個叫董父的(de)人非常(chang)善(shan)于飼養訓練鱷魚(yu)。帝舜立國(guo)子陶(tao),就把董父賜姓(xing)為(wei)董,封(feng)為(wei)豢龍(long)氏、命他在菏(he)澤之濱鬷(zong)川這(zhe)個地方為(wei)部落養鱷魚(yu),直至舜整個執政時期都在飼養。
故唐以后菏(he)澤(ze)稱(cheng)龍(long)(long)池即源(yuan)于此。不光在定陶(tao),《濮州志》也記載鄄城有(you)豢龍(long)(long)井。看來舜時(shi)還大量養鱷。養龍(long)(long)一方面是食肉(rou),但主要是為祭祀(si)儀(yi)式(shi)用。商周時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)鬷夷(yi)就(jiu)是董父(fu)的(de)(de)(de)后代。到了(le)夏朝的(de)(de)(de)第十二代國君孔甲(jia)時(shi),又有(you)帝(di)堯(yao)的(de)(de)(de)后代叫劉累(lei)的(de)(de)(de)也學會(hui)訓(xun)養鱷魚之術,專為孔甲(jia)服務,并賜氏(shi)御龍(long)(long)。后因訓(xun)養不善,龍(long)(long)多死亡,劉累(lei)遂亡于他鄉,更(geng)姓為范氏(shi)。
《左傳(chuan)》所記(ji),使我(wo)們知(zhi)道在新(xin)石器時(shi)代晚期的(de)(de)堯舜禹時(shi)代,確曾有(you)(you)(you)豢養(yang)和訓(xun)練龍(long)(long)的(de)(de)專業(ye)人員(yuan)。他(ta)們具有(you)(you)(you)訓(xun)鱷(e)的(de)(de)知(zhi)識(shi)、經驗(yan)和技術,深知(zhi)鱷(e)的(de)(de)生(sheng)活習慣和飲食習慣,能(neng)使龍(long)(long)馴服(fu)馭使.專門(men)為部落酋長服(fu)務(wu),主要用于祭祀和揚威。今人祁慶富先(xian)生(sheng)考證(zheng),豢龍(long)(long)即養(yang)鱷(e),是十(shi)分正確的(de)(de)結論。菏澤(ze)(ze)(ze)諸澤(ze)(ze)(ze)水(shui)系(xi)中(zhong)產鱷(e)魚(yu)記(ji)載(zai)是《后漢(han)(han)書》載(zai)“延光三年,龍(long)(long)兩見(jian)濮陽(yang)(yang)”,又載(zai)“龍(long)(long)見(jian)於句(ju)(ju)陽(yang)(yang)”。句(ju)(ju)陽(yang)(yang),漢(han)(han)時(shi)句(ju)(ju)陽(yang)(yang)縣,今菏澤(ze)(ze)(ze)市(shi)牡丹區(qu)小留鎮之東北楚(chu)莊(zhuang)一帶。其縣域(yu)范圍東北轄雷澤(ze)(ze)(ze)西南水(shui)面:濮水(shui)、句(ju)(ju)水(shui)上游(you)通濮陽(yang)(yang)。說明在東漢(han)(han)末(mo)年,雷澤(ze)(ze)(ze)水(shui)系(xi)中(zhong)還有(you)(you)(you)鱷(e)魚(yu)的(de)(de)存在。
安邱堌堆遺(yi)址(zhi)經過1969、1976年(nian)兩次(ci)試掘(jue)和1984年(nian)正式發(fa)(fa)掘(jue),發(fa)(fa)現(xian)了晚(wan)商文(wen)化、早商文(wen)化、岳石(shi)文(wen)化、龍山文(wen)化依次(ci)疊(die)壓的(de)(de)文(wen)化層堆積。重要遺(yi)跡是房子(zi),發(fa)(fa)現(xian)有圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)和長(chang)(chang)方形(xing)(xing)(xing)房基共12座,灰坑4個,灰溝3條,陶(tao)窯(yao)1座等。發(fa)(fa)現(xian)了灰坑、灰溝、陶(tao)窯(yao)、墓葬和長(chang)(chang)方形(xing)(xing)(xing)、圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)和長(chang)(chang)方形(xing)(xing)(xing)圓角的(de)(de)房址(zhi)等文(wen)化遺(yi)跡;出土(tu)了打制(zhi)(zhi)粗糙的(de)(de)石(shi)器(qi),磨制(zhi)(zhi)精(jing)美的(de)(de)石(shi)斧,有明顯使(shi)用痕跡的(de)(de)蚌鐮、蚌刀,尖銳鋒利的(de)(de)骨針、骨錐(zhui)、骨鏃,造型規范的(de)(de)陶(tao)盆、碗(wan)、罐(guan)、鬲、甕、器(qi)蓋等大批文(wen)化遺(yi)物。