芒果视频

基本介紹

策勒縣位于和(he)田市與于田縣之間(jian)，與和(he)田、于田一(yi)樣，都(dou)在(zai)古絲綢之路南線上。在(zai)策勒縣，我們游覽了達(da)瑪(ma)(ma)溝佛(fo)教(jiao)文化遺址(zhi)。當時雖然看(kan)到了一(yi)些出(chu)土(tu)文物，但(dan)并沒有(you)感(gan)覺到有(you)多么重要(yao)。而且游覽時間(jian)安排得很短，匆忙之中，照片也拍的很少(shao)。回(hui)來后查(cha)找有(you)關資料(liao)才發現，達(da)瑪(ma)(ma)溝佛(fo)教(jiao)遺址(zhi)遠非(fei)我們看(kan)到的那么簡單，以至于我們對(dui)和(he)田都(dou)要(yao)刮目相(xiang)看(kan)。

達(da)瑪溝佛教(jiao)文化遺址位(wei)于(yu)策勒縣以東30公(gong)里處，距離315國(guo)(guo)道4公(gong)里。遺址區(qu)所在(zai)(zai)(zai)地——達(da)瑪溝，在(zai)(zai)(zai)兩(liang)漢時期是西域綠洲小國(guo)(guo)“媲摩”所在(zai)(zai)(zai)地。后來被于(yu)闐(tian)國(guo)(guo)吞(tun)并，變成了于(yu)闐(tian)東邊(bian)的(de)(de)重鎮(zhen)，它是于(yu)闐(tian)國(guo)(guo)東邊(bian)較大(da)的(de)(de)綠洲、較重要的(de)(de)交通樞紐和軍事重鎮(zhen)。星河(he)斗轉，歲月(yue)滄(cang)桑(sang)，昔(xi)日(ri)的(de)(de)繁盛早已湮沒在(zai)(zai)(zai)歷史(shi)的(de)(de)長河(he)中，了無痕跡。一次(ci)偶然的(de)(de)事件使(shi)這一歷史(shi)遺跡再次(ci)呈現在(zai)(zai)(zai)世(shi)人面前，專家們在(zai)(zai)(zai)經歷了多年的(de)(de)探尋與研究之后，認(ren)為(wei)達(da)瑪溝區(qu)域是佛國(guo)(guo)于(yu)闐(tian)的(de)(de)政治經濟文化中心，因(yin)此，消失(shi)了千年的(de)(de)于(yu)闐(tian)文明再次(ci)成為(wei)舉世(shi)矚目的(de)(de)焦(jiao)點(dian)。2013年5月(yue)3日(ri)國(guo)(guo)務院把(ba)新疆達(da)瑪溝佛寺遺址列為(wei)第七批全國(guo)(guo)重點(dian)文物保護單位(wei)。

中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)社科院新疆(jiang)考古(gu)(gu)大(da)隊巫新華(hua)(hua)博士在其“佛(fo)(fo)(fo)國(guo)(guo)勝跡——達(da)瑪溝”一文中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)說：和(he)(he)(he)(he)田(tian)(tian)古(gu)(gu)稱(cheng)(cheng)于(yu)闐(tian)(tian)，不僅(jin)是西(xi)(xi)(xi)域絲路重(zhong)鎮、玉石之(zhi)(zhi)路的(de)(de)源(yuan)頭，而(er)(er)(er)且(qie)是與(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)古(gu)(gu)代(dai)文明淵(yuan)源(yuan)極深(shen)(shen)(shen)的(de)(de)故土。昆(kun)(kun)侖山是座神(shen)話(hua)之(zhi)(zhi)山，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)上古(gu)(gu)神(shen)話(hua)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)大(da)多數神(shen)仙都來自(zi)(zi)這里。而(er)(er)(er)和(he)(he)(he)(he)田(tian)(tian)正好位于(yu)昆(kun)(kun)侖山主脈中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)段，這里既出產和(he)(he)(he)(he)田(tian)(tian)玉，又是神(shen)話(hua)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)黃帝、昊帝、伏羲(xi)、后羿(yi)、嫘祖(zu)、女媧(wa)和(he)(he)(he)(he)西(xi)(xi)(xi)王(wang)母(mu)等華(hua)(hua)夏赫赫先(xian)祖(zu)傳說的(de)(de)原(yuan)住(zhu)仙境。與(yu)此同(tong)時，古(gu)(gu)代(dai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)人(ren)還(huan)始終堅(jian)信(xin)不疑地(di)(di)(di)認為(wei)：華(hua)(hua)夏一脈的(de)(de)母(mu)親(qin)河(he)——黃河(he)的(de)(de)發源(yuan)地(di)(di)(di)也(ye)(ye)在昆(kun)(kun)侖山和(he)(he)(he)(he)田(tian)(tian)山麓。如此一來，華(hua)(hua)夏先(xian)祖(zu)圣(sheng)人(ren)，以及古(gu)(gu)代(dai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)一切(qie)神(shen)圣(sheng)、美好的(de)(de)事(shi)物都與(yu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)田(tian)(tian)有著千絲萬縷的(de)(de)關系(xi)。于(yu)闐(tian)(tian)（和(he)(he)(he)(he)田(tian)(tian)）自(zi)(zi)古(gu)(gu)便(bian)被(bei)稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)西(xi)(xi)(xi)域佛(fo)(fo)(fo)國(guo)(guo)。也(ye)(ye)是佛(fo)(fo)(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)傳入中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)原(yuan)、東亞(ya)(ya)等地(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)第一站。其佛(fo)(fo)(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)文化(hua)不僅(jin)深(shen)(shen)(shen)遠地(di)(di)(di)影(ying)響到(dao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)原(yuan)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)、西(xi)(xi)(xi)藏佛(fo)(fo)(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)以及東亞(ya)(ya)各地(di)(di)(di)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，同(tong)時也(ye)(ye)深(shen)(shen)(shen)受中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)原(yuan)各方(fang)面的(de)(de)影(ying)響。漢語(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)“佛(fo)(fo)(fo)”字(zi)便(bian)翻(fan)譯(yi)自(zi)(zi)古(gu)(gu)代(dai)于(yu)闐(tian)(tian)語(yu)(yu)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)內(nei)地(di)(di)(di)較早的(de)(de)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)經(jing)《四十二(er)章經(jing)》也(ye)(ye)譯(yi)自(zi)(zi)古(gu)(gu)代(dai)于(yu)闐(tian)(tian)語(yu)(yu)。甚至中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)早期(qi)所謂的(de)(de)西(xi)(xi)(xi)天取(qu)經(jing)，也(ye)(ye)只是到(dao)于(yu)闐(tian)(tian)——古(gu)(gu)代(dai)和(he)(he)(he)(he)田(tian)(tian)——這個(ge)西(xi)(xi)(xi)天而(er)(er)(er)已。古(gu)(gu)代(dai)和(he)(he)(he)(he)田(tian)(tian)作(zuo)為(wei)我國(guo)(guo)著名的(de)(de)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心之(zhi)(zhi)一，其對中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)原(yuan)乃至整個(ge)東亞(ya)(ya)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)影(ying)響一直(zhi)延(yan)續(xu)至今。巫新華(hua)(hua)認為(wei)，“達(da)瑪溝（Damago）”應是于(yu)闐(tian)(tian)古(gu)(gu)語(yu)(yu)借用(yong)梵文“Dharma（意(yi)譯(yi)：佛(fo)(fo)(fo)法，音(yin)譯(yi)即達(da)摩）”加詞綴GO而(er)(er)(er)成，意(yi)思為(wei)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)法匯(hui)聚之(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)，漢語(yu)(yu)音(yin)譯(yi)正確名稱(cheng)(cheng)應該是“達(da)摩溝”。

達(da)(da)瑪溝(gou)(gou)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)文(wen)化(hua)遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)的(de)(de)說(shuo)明中說(shuo)到(dao)：于闐(tian)（和田）是(shi)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)傳入中原(yuan)、乃至東亞(ya)其他地(di)(di)(di)區較早的(de)(de)策(ce)(ce)源地(di)(di)(di)；還是(shi)古(gu)(gu)代(dai)西(xi)域大(da)乘佛(fo)(fo)(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)中心，也(ye)是(shi)中原(yuan)大(da)乘佛(fo)(fo)(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)策(ce)(ce)源地(di)(di)(di)；于闐(tian)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)文(wen)化(hua)深遠(yuan)地(di)(di)(di)影(ying)響到(dao)中原(yuan)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)、西(xi)藏佛(fo)(fo)(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，以(yi)(yi)及東亞(ya)各地(di)(di)(di)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。達(da)(da)瑪溝(gou)(gou)是(shi)古(gu)(gu)代(dai)和田佛(fo)(fo)(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)香火較盛的(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)方之一，廣泛(fan)分(fen)布(bu)著許多重要(yao)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)。從北到(dao)南(nan)有托普(pu)魯克(ke)(ke)墩(dun)、哈德里克(ke)(ke)、克(ke)(ke)科吉格代(dai)、巴勒瓦斯提、老達(da)(da)瑪溝(gou)(gou)、烏尊塔提、喀拉沁(qin)、丹丹烏里克(ke)(ke)等(deng)著名佛(fo)(fo)(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)。以(yi)(yi)托普(pu)魯克(ke)(ke)墩(dun)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)寺(si)遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)群為代(dai)表的(de)(de)達(da)(da)瑪溝(gou)(gou)南(nan)部佛(fo)(fo)(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)是(shi)未曾(ceng)遭(zao)受20世紀(ji)外國探(tan)險隊(dui)劫掠，而完整保存下(xia)來(lai)的(de)(de)重要(yao)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)，這里不斷(duan)增多的(de)(de)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)寺(si)遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)發現及大(da)量考古(gu)(gu)資料(liao)的(de)(de)出(chu)現，可以(yi)(yi)說(shuo)是(shi)21世紀(ji)學術界、佛(fo)(fo)(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)界的(de)(de)一個重大(da)事件。