都嶠山(shan)中(zhong),又名(ming)(ming)南山(shan),是廣西(xi)省級風景(jing)名(ming)(ming)勝區,桂東南名(ming)(ming)山(shan)之一(yi),以典型的(de)丹霞地(di)貌著稱(cheng),距容縣縣城7公里,是全國道書所稱(cheng)三十(shi)六洞天(tian)的(de)第二(er)十(shi)洞天(tian)。山(shan)中(zhong)有(you)勝景(jing)“二(er)洞、八峰、二(er)十(shi)巖”。歷(li)代(dai)以寺觀(guan)眾多,風光(guang)奇(qi)麗而聞(wen)名(ming)(ming)于世。古時山(shan)上有(you)九寺十(shi)三觀(guan),有(you)著名(ming)(ming)的(de)講學所太極(ji)巖等,宋(song)代(dai)著名(ming)(ming)詩人蘇東坡、名(ming)(ming)相(xiang)李綱(gang)、明朝旅行家(jia)徐霞客等名(ming)(ming)人曾慕名(ming)(ming)游覽題詠,是集宗教、文化、風光(guang)于一(yi)體(ti)的(de)名(ming)(ming)山(shan)。
都(dou)(dou)嶠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)山(shan)是(shi)我(wo)國道教(jiao)第20洞天,文(wen)(wen)資源(yuan)豐富(fu),文(wen)(wen)化底(di)蘊深(shen)厚(hou)。遠在漢代(dai)即有劉根、華子期等(deng)(deng)人(ren)(ren)入(ru)山(shan)修道,相(xiang)(xiang)傳(chuan)晉朝葛洪(hong)也曾在山(shan)中(zhong)煉(lian)丹。寶(bao)元觀即道教(jiao)活動場所(suo)之一。隨(sui)著(zhu)(zhu)佛(fo)(fo)教(jiao)傳(chuan)入(ru)中(zhong)國,都(dou)(dou)嶠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)山(shan)又成為(wei)佛(fo)(fo)教(jiao)勝地(di)。唐代(dai)山(shan)中(zhong)建有相(xiang)(xiang)當規模的(de)(de)九寺十(shi)三(san)觀。靈(ling)景寺古(gu)時即為(wei)海內(nei)名寺。其(qi)后宋朝又在寶(bao)元巖中(zhong)筑殿塑造和奉祀孔子及其(qi)弟子,于是(shi)都(dou)(dou)嶠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)山(shan)便成為(wei)佛(fo)(fo)、道、儒三(san)家(jia)并興(xing)之地(di)。此外,歷(li)代(dai)名人(ren)(ren)贊譽(yu)都(dou)(dou)嶠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)山(shan)的(de)(de)詩文(wen)(wen)甚多,如(ru)宋代(dai)大(da)詩人(ren)(ren)蘇(su)東坡路過容州時曾題(ti)詩贈(zeng)送(song)在山(shan)中(zhong)修道的(de)(de)邵彥(yan)甫,宋代(dai)名將(jiang)李綱、明(ming)代(dai)著(zhu)(zhu)名旅(lv)行家(jia)徐霞(xia)客(ke)游(you)(you)山(shan)時曾在靈(ling)景寺往(wang)宿(su),并留(liu)下了詩篇和游(you)(you)記。都(dou)(dou)嶠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)山(shan)同時又是(shi)民(min)間文(wen)(wen)學的(de)(de)寶(bao)庫,這里(li)的(de)(de)奇峰(feng)異石(shi)大(da)多富(fu)麗著(zhu)(zhu)古(gu)老(lao)動人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)傳(chuan)說(shuo)。如(ru)“鐘鼓石(shi)”、“仙(xian)人(ren)(ren)腳印”、“虎(hu)頭關(guan)”、“燈檠光照讀書臺”等(deng)(deng),大(da)都(dou)(dou)引人(ren)(ren)入(ru)勝。上(shang)述(shu)從文(wen)(wen)旅(lv)游(you)(you)資源(yuan)與風光交相(xiang)(xiang)輝(hui)映,極大(da)地(di)豐富(fu)了名山(shan)的(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)化內(nei)涵。 [1]
都嶠山(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)體(ti)(ti)由第三(san)(san)系“紅(hong)(hong)層(ceng)(ceng)”構成(cheng)。第三(san)(san)系“紅(hong)(hong)層(ceng)(ceng)”,屬于內陸(lu)湖盆沉積,主(zhu)要為(wei)(wei)砂巖(yan)(yan)、礫巖(yan)(yan),由于當時(shi)古(gu)氣候(hou)炎(yan)熱干燥,沉積物中的(de)低(di)價(jia)鐵氧化成(cheng)高價(jia)鐵,因而巖(yan)(yan)層(ceng)(ceng)被染成(cheng)紫紅(hong)(hong)或褐紅(hong)(hong)色,故稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)“紅(hong)(hong)層(ceng)(ceng)”。山(shan)(shan)體(ti)(ti)色調遠觀宛若(ruo)紅(hong)(hong)霞(廣(guang)東仁化丹(dan)霞山(shan)(shan)即由此得名),這(zhe)類地(di)貌在(zai)我國統稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)丹(dan)霞地(di)貌,其山(shan)(shan)、石徒刑的(de)特(te)點是整體(ti)(ti)感強(qiang),在(zai)質感和線條上剛柔兼備,與花崗巖(yan)(yan)、石灰巖(yan)(yan)構成(cheng)的(de)山(shan)(shan)地(di)才丘(qiu)陵相比,風光別具一格,具有很(hen)高的(de)美(mei)學觀賞價(jia)值(zhi)。
都嶠(jiao)山(shan)(shan)屹立在海拔(ba)100米上下的容廂平原(yuan)之(zhi)上,其(qi)主(zhu)要山(shan)(shan)峰(feng)海拔(ba)多在500米以上,其(qi)中香爐峰(feng)標高(gao)(gao)743.7米,為都嶠(jiao)山(shan)(shan)最(zui)高(gao)(gao)峰(feng)。相對高(gao)(gao)差達400至600余米。整個山(shan)(shan)區(qu)層(ceng)巒疊嶂,巍峨(e)挺拔(ba)。特(te)別是山(shan)(shan)體北(bei)麓,丹霞赤(chi)壁似斧劈刀(dao)削,東西羅列,氣(qi)勢恢宏。自(zi)容城(cheng)南望(wang),群峰(feng)延綿達8公里(li),宛(wan)如平地堅立的錦屏,南天排開的筆架,朝暉夕(xi)陰(yin),氣(qi)象萬千(qian)。
都(dou)嶠(jiao)山(shan)紅層中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)富(fu)含鈣質,在(zai)風化剝蝕過程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)常沿層面形成許多洞(dong)(dong)穴。這些洞(dong)(dong)穴在(zai)水平方向(xiang)上(shang)(shang)成排(pai),在(zai)垂直(zhi)方向(xiang)上(shang)(shang)成層發育。在(zai)慶(qing)壽巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之上(shang)(shang),一系列洞(dong)(dong)穴大(da)致在(zai)同一高(gao)(gao)度(du)斷(duan)續(xu)延伸,洞(dong)(dong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)原的(de)(de)古(gu)老房舍的(de)(de)斷(duan)壁(bi)殘垣排(pai)列有序,形成了“七十二房井(jing)”的(de)(de)奇觀。而(er)在(zai)云蓋(gai)峰(feng),自下(xia)而(er)上(shang)(shang)分(fen)布著太(tai)極(ji)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、圣人巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、寶蓋(gai)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)等(deng)洞(dong)(dong)穴,巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)砌房建閣(ge),至(zhi)今(jin)不少仍保存(cun)完(wan)好。正如(ru)寶蓋(gai)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)一付巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)聯所題:“閣(ge)閣(ge)閣(ge)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)閣(ge)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)上(shang)(shang)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)”。據不完(wan)全統計,山(shan)內大(da)小(xiao)洞(dong)(dong)穴有300余(yu)個,其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有名稱的(de)(de)達100多個。這些洞(dong)(dong)穴一般寬(kuan)度(du)大(da)于深度(du)和高(gao)(gao)度(du),最大(da)洞(dong)(dong)穴不靈(ling)景巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),寬(kuan)46米,高(gao)(gao)、深各約16米,可容數百人,都(dou)嶠(jiao)山(shan)洞(dong)(dong)穴之多,在(zai)國內丹霞地(di)貌風景區中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)罕(han)見的(de)(de)。
都(dou)嶠山(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)、石(shi)徒刑奇特,惟妙惟肖(xiao)。紅層經風化剝蝕(shi)后,造型地貌發育(yu)。如八大峰,似香爐、仙人(ren)、灶(zao)石(shi)、馬(ma)鞍、竹兜,山(shan)(shan)峰由此得名。至于(yu)小的山(shan)(shan)、石(shi)肖(xiao)形像物的更多,如蠟(la)燭(zhu)通天、丹鳳朝陽、寶(bao)劍出(chu)鞘,文筆卓立以(yi)及海(hai)豚(tun)出(chu)水,鯉魚(yu)跳龍門等巨石(shi),莫(mo)不(bu)惟妙惟肖(xiao),使人(ren)們游興大增(zeng)。還有仙人(ren)橋、仙人(ren)床等景點,也是很富吸(xi)引(yin)力的景點。
都嶠山(shan)旅(lv)(lv)游(you)資源的(de)開(kai)(kai)發還只限于其西(xi)區(qu),面積約4平方公里,僅占整個(ge)風景(jing)(jing)區(qu)的(de)四(si)分(fen)之(zhi)一(yi),是近(jin)年新(xin)開(kai)(kai)發的(de)一(yi)個(ge)融自然景(jing)(jing)觀與宗教文化為一(yi)體的(de)旅(lv)(lv)游(you)觀光(guang)區(qu)。目前已建(jian)有暗河佛源漂流、登山(shan)觀光(guang)纜(lan)車(che)、五(wu)百羅漢(han)堂、慶壽巖禪寺、猴山(shan)和(he)觀猴長廊、金佛大(da)字世界之(zhi)最、南山(shan)閣、福壽橋、蓮池、九(jiu)曲(qu)橋、植物園等景(jing)(jing)觀。東(dong)區(qu)和(he)中(zhong)區(qu),包括(kuo)香爐峰、丹灶(zao)峰、仙人峰、兜子峰、中(zhong)峰等地,山(shan)勢(shi)更(geng)(geng)為雄(xiong)奇,這(zhe)一(yi)帶的(de)風光(guang)除具有西(xi)區(qu)的(de)某些特(te)點外,更(geng)(geng)以(yi)險、幽取(qu)勝。可以(yi)預期,在中(zhong)遠期開(kai)(kai)發之(zhi)后,都嶠山(shan)景(jing)(jing)色將(jiang)更(geng)(geng)具魅力。
民間有(you)歌謠云(yun):“南山(shan)金(jin)(jin)(jin)戽斗(dou),九曲(qu)十八(ba)(ba)扭,誰人(ren)葬得著,芝麻綠(lv)豆官三斗(dou)”;宋.賴布衣(yi)游都嶠山(shan)后(hou)便作賦一(yi)首以(yi)贊其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)美(mei),賦云(yun):“龍之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為靈(ling)(ling)(ling)特超,星(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為光不(bu)朽;天光下降方隅(yu),地(di)德(de)上承培(pei)嶁;縱橫照(zhao)耀,二(er)十八(ba)(ba)宿(su)列(lie)九天;起(qi)(qi)伏恢弘,七(qi)十二(er)山(shan)分奔走;脈絡循(xun)環數百里,透岑(cen)容獨(du)論(lun)尊卑(bei);奇(qi)巒峻拔萬千(qian)(qian)峰(feng),列(lie)土木金(jin)(jin)(jin)分左(zuo)右;觀(guan)(guan)龍樓(lou)寶殿(dian),惟仰南山(shan);察星(xing)體鐘靈(ling)(ling)(ling),居(ju)然(ran)金(jin)(jin)(jin)斗(dou);心極溯洄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)望(wang),每切秋三;欲(yu)登泰岳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)高,難(nan)(nan)逢重九.原夫神(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所由起(qi)(qi)也(ye)!容山(shan)天堂,森秀渾穆;土柱石(shi)鵝,崇(chong)雄(xiong)高矗;香(xiang)爐頂(ding)掛(gua)天池(chi),丹(dan)灶云(yun)居(ju)幽谷;娑(suo)婆(po)巖為中宮,燈檠石(shi)為照(zhao)燭;大象宿(su)于中傍,仙鵝飛乎(hu)上屬.蜂腰渡峽,日月匡扶;鼓角威儀,槍旗并(bing)束;羅(luo)列(lie)三枝,中標雙玉(yu)(yu);觀(guan)(guan)峰(feng)巒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)疊疊,千(qian)(qian)山(shan)悉是(shi)奔隨;驗(yan)江漢(han)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)茫茫,萬水咸歸(gui)入局;橫敷直(zhi)遞,觀(guan)(guan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)勢之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)甚雄(xiong);左(zuo)旋右抽,察其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)形(xing)者真(zhen)委曲(qu).詳(xiang)觀(guan)(guan)美(mei)穴蓮花,精微深入;蟬翼雙披,蝦須(xu)兩(liang)集(ji);御屏屹(yi)豎其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)間,荷筆(bi)卓然(ran)秀立;遠觀(guan)(guan)則高起(qi)(qi)無情,近視則山(shan)家(jia)拱揖;攀金(jin)(jin)(jin)腰玉(yu)(yu)帶,一(yi)畫連環;占翰(han)苑雕梁,敦厚難(nan)(nan)岌;幸形(xing)神(shen)畢聚,品(pin)格出(chu)乎(hu)萬千(qian)(qian);貌像呈祥,聲價高居(ju)倍十;信是(shi)明堂廣(guang)闊,陽(yang)剛星(xing)列(lie)盤桓;局度寬雄(xiong),帝座公車峻拔;只(zhi)有(you)諸砂,并(bing)無一(yi)煞;兩(liang)邊盡是(shi)包羅(luo),四面(mian)咸來(lai)觀(guan)(guan)察;羅(luo)衛(wei)收自近關,豬牙鎮(zhen)塞(sai)總轄;天馬鎮(zhen)自乾離,北(bei)斗(dou)重騮合札;擬左(zuo)致之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)飄渺,仙人(ren)詎敢盡當(dang);驗(yan)右繞之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縈回,苑客難(nan)(nan)稱巧黠;布金(jin)(jin)(jin)箱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蘊,不(bu)但寶三;陳玉(yu)(yu)石(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能,有(you)同簋(gui)八(ba)(ba);若是(shi)乎(hu)!地(di)既靈(ling)(ling)(ling)于其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)前,人(ren)心杰乎(hu)厥(jue)后(hou);斯興發之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)無強(qiang),享榮華之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)悠久(jiu);富必(bi)石(shi)崇(chong),貴仍韓柳;誥軸文星(xing)面(mian)對,他年金(jin)(jin)(jin)榜題名;云(yun)天錦(jin)帳頻(pin)敷,異日斗(dou)稱福厚;嗟乎(hu)!地(di)產精英,鬼(gui)神(shen)守護;縱有(you)慧眼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)明,難(nan)(nan)默遭逢之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)偶;是(shi)為山(shan)家(jia)擇主(zhu),斷然(ran)福自天來(lai)!倘教地(di)府佑人(ren),決非事(shi)成矯揉!