簡介
建水(shui)文廟位于云南省(sheng)紅河哈尼族彝族自治州西(xi)北部的(de)(de)(de)建水(shui)縣城內,是一座全(quan)國屈指可數的(de)(de)(de)大型文廟,始(shi)建于公元二十(shi)二年(nian)(1285年(nian)),是云南省(sheng)繼中慶(昆明)、大理之后,最早(zao)創建的(de)(de)(de)第(di)三座廟宇(yu)。后經明、清兩代擴建,占地(di)達114畝,總體(ti)布局(ju)采用中軸(zhou)對稱宮殿式,仿(fang)照曲阜孔廟的(de)(de)(de)格局(ju)建造,有(you)(you)1殿、2廡、2堂、2閣、5祠(ci)、8坊(fang)(fang),是一組規模宏大的(de)(de)(de)建筑群。步入大門(men)(men)(men)為(wei)肅穆的(de)(de)(de)"太和(he)元氣"坊(fang)(fang),迎面為(wei)20余(yu)畝的(de)(de)(de)"學海"(泮池),塘內碧波蕩漾,四(si)周柳絲輕拂,池中建有(you)(you)思樂亭,左(zuo)、右有(you)(you)"禮門(men)(men)(men)"和(he)"義路"。步人欞星門(men)(men)(men).有(you)(you)大成門(men)(men)(men)、東西(xi)廡、大成殿、祟圣詞、明倫堂、尊經閣等建筑。
大成殿(dian)建于明(ming)弘治年間(jian),28棵柱支撐全(quan)殿(dian)。前檐12棵為石(shi)(shi)拄(zhu),每棵高5米,重(zhong)達5000公(gong)斤,用(yong)整塊大青石(shi)(shi)雕(diao)(diao)成。大門左右2棵檐柱雕(diao)(diao)巨(ju)龍盤繞,稱為"石(shi)(shi)龍抱(bao)柱"。正面22扇(shan)格子(zi)門所雕(diao)(diao)飛禽走獸,形態各異.玻璃瓦的屋頂,光彩奪(duo)目。廟宇周(zhou)圍古柏森(sen)森(sen),顯(xian)得莊嚴肅穆(mu),雄偉壯觀,有"金碧壯麗甲(jia)全(quan)滇(dian)"之美譽,其(qi)規模(mo)僅次于山(shan)東,曲阜(fu)孔(kong)廟,為云南省重(zhong)點文物保護單位。
民國時期(qi)編修的《機關報纂云南通志(zhi)》記(ji)載:建水文廟,是規模僅次于山東曲阜(fu)的文廟。
景區特色
整個廟宇,一片翠綠,古(gu)(gu)木蕭森,莊嚴肅(su)穆。松、柏、竹、柳(liu),千姿(zi)百態,各種花(hua)卉爭妍斗艷,四時(shi)飄香。庭西(xi)有(you)兩株共(gong)生(sheng)樹(shu),一(yi)為(wei)(wei)柏樹(shu),一(yi)為(wei)(wei)榕樹(shu)。數百年的風風雨雨,它們(men)已(yi)經緊緊纏在一(yi)起。有(you)人戲(xi)稱為(wei)(wei)“萬將(jiang)軍抱(bao)白(bai)小姐”。 建水(shui)城,為(wei)(wei)舊臨安(an)府(fu)所在地,元、明、清三代曾是滇(dian)南的政治、經濟和(he)文(wen)化的中(zhong)(zhong)心,加上文(wen)廟(miao)規模宏大,建筑(zhu)精巧,素有(you)“滇(dian)南鄒魯”之稱。早年,當地利用文(wen)廟(miao)建立了臨安(an)中(zhong)(zhong)學(xue)。現改為(wei)(wei)建水(shui)第一(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)學(xue),并在文(wen)廟(miao)側新建了許多教(jiao)學(xue)樓。昔(xi)日(ri)孔廟(miao)圣地,如今(jin)成了青少(shao)年學(xue)習之所。由于政府(fu)和(he)學(xue)校注意(yi)保存古(gu)(gu)跡,至今(jin)文(wen)廟(miao)仍很完(wan)整。
繞至泮(pan)池(chi)后的(de)唇臺(tai)上(shang)(shang)(shang),只見栩栩如生的(de)龍、虎(hu)、麟(lin)、獅、象巨石雕高(gao)距于(yu)坊(fang)座上(shang)(shang)(shang),拱衛(wei)著(zhu)木構架的(de)牌樓。四周(zhou)的(de)壁(bi)畫上(shang)(shang)(shang)方(fang),用磚砌成(cheng)斗拱樣,覆以碧(bi)(bi)瓦,與三楹坊(fang)頂合成(cheng)疊羅(luo)漢(han)式的(de)三重(zhong)檐歇山頂,檐牙高(gao)啄,碧(bi)(bi)瓦飛翹,與“太和(he)元氣”坊(fang)及“禮門”、“義路”坊(fang)齊觀,如數(shu)重(zhong)大(da)雁飛臨泮(pan)池(chi)之上(shang)(shang)(shang)。這種建筑風格,凸現了儒家思想兩個固有(you)的(de)屬性:一方(fang)面(mian)具(ju)有(you)廣泛信仰層面(mian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)情(qing)感需求,另一方(fang)面(mian)存(cun)在著(zhu)相當豐富的(de)理論思維內(nei)容(rong)。
文(wen)廟最吸引(yin)人的(de)去處無疑是(shi)大成殿。它是(shi)文(wen)廟的(de)主(zhu)體建(jian)筑,一字(zi)(zi)排開的(de)五(wu)間殿堂,正(zheng)堂內(nei)置龍(long)寶(bao)座,供奉著(zhu)孔子塑像(xiang)。殿堂單檐九脊歇山頂,琉(liu)璃黃瓦(wa),翹角飛甍,巍(wei)巍(wei)宏麗,氣象莊嚴。這里有很多的(de)字(zi)(zi)匾(bian)(bian)和塑像(xiang),字(zi)(zi)大多是(shi)歷代(dai)皇帝所題,像(xiang)都是(shi)對(dui)弘(hong)揚儒(ru)家文(wen)化(hua)作出貢獻的(de)名人。大殿檐下懸(xuan)掛著(zhu)“先(xian)師廟”三個鎏金大字(zi)(zi)匾(bian)(bian),筆力(li)雄渾遒勁,匾(bian)(bian)沿鑲嵌著(zhu)玲瓏剔透的(de)木雕龍(long)鳳(feng)。東西廂(xiang)房是(shi)祀奉先(xian)儒(ru)的(de)場所,先(xian)賢79人、先(xian)儒(ru)75人依次(ci)供奉于內(nei)。
建筑
文(wen)廟(miao)座(zuo)北朝(chao)南,基本按照山東曲(qu)阜(fu)孔廟(miao)布局(ju)建造,原有一(yi)池(泮池),一(yi)壇(tan)(杏壇(tan)),一(yi)圃(pu)(射(she)圃(pu)),二(er)殿(dian)(大(da)成殿(dian)、崇圣殿(dian))、二(er)廡(東廡、西(xi)廡)、二(er)堂(tang)(東明(ming)倫(lun)堂(tang)、西(xi)明(ming)倫(lun)堂(tang))、三(san)部長(尊經閣(ge)(ge)、文(wen)星(xing)閣(ge)(ge)、柱(zhu)香閣(ge)(ge))、四(si)門(men)(欞(ling)星(xing)門(men)、大(da)成門(men)、金聲門(men)、玉振(zhen)門(men))、五亭(ting)(敬一(yi)亭(ting)、思樂亭(ting)、齋(zhai)宿亭(ting)、東碑亭(ting)、西(xi)碑亭(ting))、六祠(ci)(ci)(寄(ji)賢(xian)祠(ci)(ci)、倉圣祠(ci)(ci)、名宦(huan)祠(ci)(ci)、鄉賢(xian)祠(ci)(ci)、節教祠(ci)(ci)、忠義(yi)孝悌祠(ci)(ci))、八坊(fang)(fang)(太和(he)元氣坊(fang)(fang)、洙(zhu)泗淵(yuan)源坊(fang)(fang)、禮門(men)坊(fang)(fang)、義(yi)路(lu)坊(fang)(fang)、道(dao)冠(guan)古今坊(fang)(fang)、德(de)配天(tian)地坊(fang)(fang)、圣域由茲(zi)坊(fang)(fang)、賢(xian)關近仰坊(fang)(fang))。碑文(wen)記載:此廟(miao)“殿(dian)堂(tang)門(men)廡,圣賢(xian)肖像,刻雕藻繪,金碧輝煌”,“遂成一(yi)觀焉(yan)。”數百年來(lai),不斷維修,后(hou)來(lai)除杏壇(tan)、射(she)圃(pu)、尊經閣(ge)(ge)、文(wen)星(xing)閣(ge)(ge)、敬一(yi)亭(ting)和(he)齊(qi)宿亭(ting)不存外(wai),其他(ta)建筑(zhu)仍(reng)然完好如(ru)初。
大(da)門太(tai)和(he)元氣坊(fang)三楹(ying),中(zhong)間一(yi)(yi)楹(ying)高約九(jiu)米(mi)(mi),石木(mu)(mu)結構,坊(fang)座上(shang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)石雕獅(shi)、象、麒麟和(he)龍。頂部斗(dou)拱密集,與兩側的花磚短墻(qiang)(qiang)組成五(wu)檁三重(zhong)檐(yan)牌樓頂,甚(shen)為(wei)美觀(guan)。當(dang)中(zhong)兩扇大(da)門飾以(yi)鼓(gu)(gu)釘,門前(qian)置(zhi)石鼓(gu)(gu)一(yi)(yi)對(dui)。坊(fang)后為(wei)泮(pan)池(chi)(chi)(chi),俗稱(cheng)學(xue)(xue)海(hai),明成化年(nian)間按古(gu)(gu)學(xue)(xue)宮(gong)之制開挖(wa),弘(hong)治年(nian)間拓寬為(wei)橢圓形(xing)(xing),水面即達四(si)(si)(si)十余畝。池(chi)(chi)(chi)中(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)小島,有(you)(you)(you)(you)堤和(he)橋相(xiang)通。島上(shang)建鰲亭,也稱(cheng)思樂(le)亭,取(qu)“書山有(you)(you)(you)(you)路(lu)勤(qin)為(wei)徑,學(xue)(xue)海(hai)無涯苦(ku)作舟”之意(yi),以(yi)勉勵(li)生員(yuan)(yuan)奮發學(xue)(xue)習,他日功名成就,猶如釣(diao)得(de)海(hai)中(zhong)大(da)鰲。東西兩岸有(you)(you)(you)(you)路(lu)和(he)紅(hong)(hong)墻(qiang)(qiang)相(xiang)圍,路(lu)旁(pang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)林蔭花木(mu)(mu)。池(chi)(chi)(chi)后筑有(you)(you)(you)(you)半(ban)月形(xing)(xing)臺唇(chun),臺前(qian)圍以(yi)白(bai)石欄桿。左右有(you)(you)(you)(you)“禮門”、“義路(lu)”石牌坊(fang),坊(fang)前(qian)各(ge)立“官員(yuan)(yuan)兵民人等于此下(xia)馬”碑一(yi)(yi)塊,坊(fang)側面紅(hong)(hong)墻(qiang)(qiang)上(shang)鑲嵌“鳶飛魚躍”石刻大(da)字四(si)(si)(si)塊,各(ge)高一(yi)(yi)米(mi)(mi)。南面煥(huan)文(wen)山倒(dao)影(ying)(ying)映(ying)池(chi)(chi)(chi)中(zhong),山光(guang)水色,與藍天白(bai)云綠樹(shu)相(xiang)映(ying)襯,分外宜人。舊志(zhi)記(ji)載:泮(pan)池(chi)(chi)(chi)“澄泓如鏡,上(shang)面石臺肪(fang)截,宮(gong)墻(qiang)(qiang)萬仞(ren),金(jin)碧交輝(hui),宏(hong)整巨麗冠迤東西”“煥(huan)山倒(dao)影(ying)(ying)”或“學(xue)(xue)海(hai)文(wen)瀾”,為(wei)建水古(gu)(gu)十景(jing)之一(yi)(yi)。昔時每(mei)逢農歷六月二(er)十四(si)(si)(si)日火(huo)把(ba)節(jie)夜(ye),彝族(zu)和(he)漢族(zu)百(bai)姓在煥(huan)文(wen)山上(shang)點(dian)(dian)燃火(huo)把(ba),巡行在同山梯(ti)田之間,以(yi)祈年(nian)照歲,企盼(pan)五(wu)谷豐登。紅(hong)(hong)色的火(huo)苗星(xing)星(xing)點(dian)(dian)點(dian)(dian)映(ying)入泮(pan)池(chi)(chi)(chi)之中(zhong),與天上(shang)的繁星(xing)交相(xiang)輝(hui)映(ying),相(xiang)傳所(suo)見星(xing)點(dian)(dian)越多(duo),預兆來年(nian)開科(ke)(ke)取(qu)士中(zhong)榜(bang)者亦(yi)多(duo)。清代滇南著名文(wen)人張漢《學(xue)(xue)海(hai)觀(guan)炬》靈詩(shi)云:“煥(huan)文(wen)峰影(ying)(ying)泮(pan)池(chi)(chi)(chi)中(zhong),幾點(dian)(dian)遙窺野炬紅(hong)(hong)。陸地已成星(xing)宿海(hai),靈槎欲貫斗(dou)牛宮(gong)……待得(de)今夕見,科(ke)(ke)名有(you)(you)(you)(you)婁信先通。”如此情(qing)趣,全國(guo)文(wen)廟(miao)中(zhong)絕無僅(jin)有(you)(you)(you)(you)。
從泮池后的(de)(de)(de)臺唇登上(shang)數級石(shi)(shi)階,有“洙(zhu)泗(si)淵源(yuan)”坊(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)三(san)楹,高(gao)(gao)九米(mi)(mi),木石(shi)(shi)結構(gou),龍、麟、獅(shi)、象巨型石(shi)(shi)雕(diao)高(gao)(gao)踞(ju)于坊(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)座上(shang),拱衛著(zhu)木構(gou)架(jia)的(de)(de)(de)牌樓。坊(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)檐(yan)下密密層層地(di)飾以(yi)精(jing)巧玲瓏的(de)(de)(de)斗拱,這些斗拱主要起(qi)裝飾作用,而不能全部承檐(yan)坊(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)頂(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)重壓,古(gu)(gu)代建(jian)筑設計師匠心獨運,巧妙地(di)在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)間一(yi)(yi)楹坊(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)座的(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)麒(qi)麟和(he)石(shi)(shi)獅(shi)子上(shang)打主意,在(zai)麒(qi)麟和(he)獅(shi)子的(de)(de)(de)額頭上(shang)各雕(diao)刻一(yi)(yi)個跪姿的(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)人(ren),頭頂(ding)(ding)一(yi)(yi)朵石(shi)(shi)蓮,石(shi)(shi)蓮上(shang)安裝一(yi)(yi)根(gen)雕(diao)龍細(xi)圓木柱(zhu),四個石(shi)(shi)人(ren)四根(gen)木柱(zhu)支撐起(qi)最高(gao)(gao)一(yi)(yi)層坊(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)頂(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)四個檐(yan)角,形成(cheng)兩(liang)(liang)根(gen)主柱(zhu)并列懸掛(gua)四根(gen)吊腳輔柱(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)架(jia)勢,仔細(xi)觀(guan)賞,騰挪自如。牌坊(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)兩(liang)(liang)側各有磚(zhuan)雕(diao)龍鳳壁(bi)畫(hua)一(yi)(yi)幅,其(qi)一(yi)(yi)為“二(er)龍戲珠”另一(yi)(yi)幅為“雙鳳朝陽”,亦甚精(jing)美(mei)。壁(bi)畫(hua)上(shang)用磚(zhuan)砌成(cheng)斗拱樣,覆以(yi)瓦頂(ding)(ding),與三(san)楹坊(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)頂(ding)(ding)組合成(cheng)疊羅漢式的(de)(de)(de)三(san)重檐(yan)歇山頂(ding)(ding),檐(yan)角飛翹,遠觀(guan)如雁陣飛臨泮池之(zhi)上(shang),令人(ren)賞心悅目。“洙(zhu)泗(si)淵源(yuan)”坊(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)背面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)門楣上(shang)寫有“萬世(shi)宗(zong)師”四字(zi)。坊(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)后東(dong)西向又橫陳(chen)四座磚(zhuan)石(shi)(shi)底座,土木筑頂(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)牌坊(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang),亦各高(gao)(gao)九米(mi)(mi),分別題寫“德配天(tian)地(di)”、“道冠古(gu)(gu)今”、“圣域由茲”、“賢關(guan)近仰”。正中(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)頂(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)輔柱(zhu)亦有龍雕(diao),造型與“洙(zhu)泗(si)淵源(yuan)”坊(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)相近,只是坊(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)座上(shang)缺(que)少獅(shi)象石(shi)(shi)雕(diao)。坊(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)間空地(di)上(shang)陳(chen)列著(zhu)二(er)十(shi)余塊石(shi)(shi)碑,記載著(zhu)明清(qing)時期(qi)增修文廟的(de)(de)(de)經過,是研究古(gu)(gu)代邊疆文化教育(yu)的(de)(de)(de)珍貴(gui)史料。中(zhong)(zhong)軸線上(shang)原(yuan)有杏壇,明天(tian)順間建(jian),壇中(zhong)(zhong)豎(shu)石(shi)(shi)刻孔子統育(yu)圖,后地(di)震坍毀,石(shi)(shi)刻像移(yi)至大成(cheng)殿上(shang)。
其后(hou)為(wei)欞(ling)星(xing)門,三開間(jian),雕梁畫棟,瓦頂(ding)(ding)(ding),四根木柱穿脊而出,柱上有木刻飾物,柱頂(ding)(ding)(ding)套(tao)有明代(dai)燒制的青花(hua)瓷罩,罩頂(ding)(ding)(ding)雕盤龍,龍首嘯(xiao)天。門后(hou)為(wei)園(yuan)林,數株(zhu)迎(ying)客松,競相婆(po)娑,似在(zai)向游(you)人招手致意。園(yuan)東原(yuan)有魁星(xing)閣一(yi)座,已毀,現存(cun)名宦祠(ci)。園(yuan)西有桂香閣和鄉賢祠(ci)。桂香閣曾是解放(fang)戰爭時期中(zhong)國共(gong)產黨(dang)滇南地(di)下(xia)組織負責人寓所在(zai)活動的舊址。
再后為(wei)大(da)(da)(da)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men),亦(yi)(yi)三(san)(san)開間(jian),中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)為(wei)通(tong)道(dao),門(men)(men)(men)上(shang)(shang)飾以鼓釘,門(men)(men)(men)前(qian)(qian)石(shi)(shi)(shi)階正(zheng)中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)飛龍浮雕(diao)(diao)(diao)一(yi)(yi)幅。入內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)為(wei)一(yi)(yi)庭院,庭院后部(bu)丹(dan)墀上(shang)(shang)為(wei)文(wen)廟(miao)主體(ti)(ti)建(jian)筑(zhu)大(da)(da)(da)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)殿。兩(liang)(liang)(liang)廂為(wei)東(dong)(dong)廡(wu)、西(xi)廡(wu),各有(you)(you)(you)房舍(she)十(shi)五(wu)(wu)間(jian)。門(men)(men)(men)、殿和兩(liang)(liang)(liang)廡(wu)組成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)(yi)套方形建(jian)筑(zhu)群體(ti)(ti),氣(qi)勢宏闊。大(da)(da)(da)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)殿五(wu)(wu)開間(jian),琉璃(li)黃瓦,歇山(shan)(shan)頂,由二(er)(er)十(shi)根(gen)高(gao)五(wu)(wu)米(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)巨(ju)柱支撐(cheng),其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)二(er)(er)十(shi)二(er)(er)根(gen)青石(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)柱,全用(yong)整塊(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)料鑿磨而(er)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。撐(cheng)持左右前(qian)(qian)檐的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)根(gen)石(shi)(shi)(shi)柱,中(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)鐫(juan)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)龍騰祥云(yun)狀(zhuang),“石(shi)(shi)(shi)龍抱(bao)柱”雕(diao)(diao)(diao)工精(jing)(jing)巧,甚(shen)是(shi)珍(zhen)奇。二(er)(er)十(shi)二(er)(er)扇木屏門(men)(men)(men)透雕(diao)(diao)(diao)出神(shen)采(cai)各異(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)物(wu)圖(tu)畫(hua),當中(zhong)(zhong)六(liu)扇為(wei)“六(liu)龍捧(peng)圣”圖(tu),六(liu)條(tiao)立(li)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)龍在云(yun)水(shui)間(jian)騰挪翻飛,環衛著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)殿內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)孔(kong)子(zi)圣座,象(xiang)征孔(kong)子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學說和思想在古(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)意識(shi)形態領域內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)至(zhi)高(gao)無上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)位(wei)。兩(liang)(liang)(liang)旁的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)屏門(men)(men)(men)上(shang)(shang)分別鐫(juan)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)出“雙獅分水(shui)”、“喜鵲鬧(nao)梅”、“犀(xi)牛望月”、“三(san)(san)羊開泰”、“麟吐玉書”、“封(蜂)侯(猴)掛印(yin)”、“旭日(ri)東(dong)(dong)升”、“竹報平安”等(deng)畫(hua)面(mian),共雕(diao)(diao)(diao)有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)百多個(ge)大(da)(da)(da)小動物(wu)形象(xiang),維妙維肖,栩栩如生(sheng),而(er)且一(yi)(yi)個(ge)個(ge)高(gao)度(du)鏤空(kong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)立(li)體(ti)(ti)狀(zhuang)。其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)對小松鼠,呼之(zhi)欲(yu)出,活(huo)靈活(huo)現(xian)(xian),體(ti)(ti)現(xian)(xian)古(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)木雕(diao)(diao)(diao)藝(yi)人的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)超技(ji)術(shu),為(wei)屏門(men)(men)(men)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)珍(zhen)品(pin)。門(men)(men)(men)檻五(wu)(wu)道(dao)亦(yi)(yi)用(yong)整塊(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)紋(wen)石(shi)(shi)(shi)盤(pan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)三(san)(san)道(dao)各長五(wu)(wu)米(mi)(mi)七,高(gao)寬各四(si)十(shi)厘米(mi)(mi),石(shi)(shi)(shi)色(se)灰白,中(zhong)(zhong)含黑紋(wen),細膩有(you)(you)(you)光,無絲毫裂痕,儼如油光漆成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),乍看不知是(shi)整塊(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)巨(ju)石(shi)(shi)(shi)琢磨而(er)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。大(da)(da)(da)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)殿下懸掛著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)“先師廟(miao)”三(san)(san)個(ge)鎏金大(da)(da)(da)字匾,筆(bi)力(li)雄渾遒(qiu)勁,匾沿鑲嵌著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)玲瓏剔透的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)木雕(diao)(diao)(diao)龍鳳。殿內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)懸掛著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)摹刻(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)清(qing)(qing)代(dai)(dai)歷朝皇帝贊孔(kong)尊(zun)孔(kong)“御(yu)題”貼金匾額八(ba)塊(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai),有(you)(you)(you)康(kang)熙的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“萬(wan)世師表”,雍正(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“生(sheng)民未(wei)有(you)(you)(you)”,乾隆(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“與天地(di)參”,直(zhi)到(dao)光緒的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“斯文(wen)在茲(zi)”。殿內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)尊(zun)供奉孔(kong)子(zi)牌位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)圣龕,龕座亦(yi)(yi)為(wei)整塊(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)巨(ju)石(shi)(shi)(shi)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),四(si)足(zu)朝內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)彎(wan)曲。座上(shang)(shang)置精(jing)(jing)工鏤刻(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)木閣一(yi)(yi)間(jian)。孔(kong)子(zi)牌位(wei)供在雕(diao)(diao)(diao)龍寶座上(shang)(shang)。殿前(qian)(qian)置乾隆(long)(long)年間(jian)鑄(zhu)造(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)銅(tong)香爐一(yi)(yi)尊(zun),高(gao)近三(san)(san)米(mi)(mi),四(si)足(zu)鑄(zhu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)象(xiang)頭(tou),卷曲的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)象(xiang)鼻支在蓮座上(shang)(shang),象(xiang)征著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)帶古(gu)(gu)時曾是(shi)象(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)故鄉(xiang)。香爐上(shang)(shang)部(bu)覆以樓臺,盤(pan)繞游龍十(shi)余條(tiao)。又(you)有(you)(you)(you)石(shi)(shi)(shi)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)“孔(kong)圣弦頌圖(tu)”一(yi)(yi)塊(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai),高(gao)一(yi)(yi)米(mi)(mi)五(wu)(wu),寬八(ba)十(shi)厘米(mi)(mi),孔(kong)子(zi)席地(di)而(er)座撫琴授課,四(si)弟子(zi)肅立(li)恭(gong)聽,為(wei)明代(dai)(dai)所刻(ke)(ke)(ke)。大(da)(da)(da)殿兩(liang)(liang)(liang)有(you)(you)(you)東(dong)(dong)西(xi)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)亭,西(xi)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)亭立(li)滿(man)漢(han)文(wen)《御(yu)制平定回中(zhong)(zhong)告(gao)太太學碑(bei)(bei)(bei)文(wen)》,通(tong)高(gao)五(wu)(wu)米(mi)(mi),寬二(er)(er)米(mi)(mi),兩(liang)(liang)(liang)塊(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)并列在碑(bei)(bei)(bei)座上(shang)(shang),一(yi)(yi)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)滿(man)文(wen),一(yi)(yi)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)漢(han)文(wen),兩(liang)(liang)(liang)塊(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)之(zhi)上(shang)(shang)鑲一(yi)(yi)塊(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)完(wan)整的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)座上(shang)(shang),一(yi)(yi)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)漢(han)文(wen),兩(liang)(liang)(liang)塊(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)之(zhi)上(shang)(shang)鑲一(yi)(yi)塊(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)完(wan)整的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)頂,將其(qi)(qi)聯為(wei)一(yi)(yi)體(ti)(ti),碑(bei)(bei)(bei)文(wen)記(ji)載(zai)乾隆(long)(long)年間(jian)清(qing)(qing)軍平定新疆準噶爾(er)反動貴州叛(pan)亂,統一(yi)(yi)祖國(guo)版圖(tu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)史料,原碑(bei)(bei)(bei)立(li)于(yu)北(bei)京文(wen)廟(miao)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei),臨安知府雙鼎摹刻(ke)(ke)(ke)于(yu)建(jian)水(shui)文(wen)廟(miao)。滿(man)漢(han)文(wen)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)全國(guo)罕有(you)(you)(you)。東(dong)(dong)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)亭內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)立(li)用(yong)漢(han)文(wen)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)寫(xie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)乾隆(long)(long)《平定青海告(gao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)太學記(ji)》。殿前(qian)(qian)庭院內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)有(you)(you)(you)古(gu)(gu)樹(shu)(shu)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)株,古(gu)(gu)柏(bo)數株,相(xiang)傳植于(yu)元時。又(you)有(you)(you)(you)山(shan)(shan)茶(cha)花兩(liang)(liang)(liang)株,蒼(cang)老遒(qiu)勁,仍繁花似錦。林蔭(yin)中(zhong)(zhong)伏坐石(shi)(shi)(shi)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)白象(xiang)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)頭(tou),馱有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)米(mi)(mi)多高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)青銅(tong)花瓶,瓶內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)植花木。庭院兩(liang)(liang)(liang)側有(you)(you)(you)東(dong)(dong)西(xi)明倫堂,原為(wei)臨安府學和建(jian)水(shui)縣學所在。西(xi)明倫堂前(qian)(qian)有(you)(you)(you)高(gao)大(da)(da)(da)奇異(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)榕柏(bo)共生(sheng)樹(shu)(shu),榕樹(shu)(shu)包柏(bo)樹(shu)(shu),連(lian)理(li)同心,三(san)(san)人才能合(he)抱(bao)。
大(da)成(cheng)(cheng)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)又陳列著元明清碑刻十余塊,其中(zhong)有元至大(da)元年武(wu)宗皇帝(di)追封孔(kong)子(zi)為(wei)(wei)“大(da)成(cheng)(cheng)至圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)文(wen)宣(xuan)王”的(de)(de)(de)圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)旨牌,為(wei)(wei)滇南現存最古老的(de)(de)(de)碑刻。其后(hou)為(wei)(wei)崇圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)殿(dian)(dian)(dian),是祈奉(feng)孔(kong)子(zi)父(fu)母的(de)(de)(de)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)堂(tang),雕梁(liang)畫棟,與大(da)成(cheng)(cheng)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)相呼應(ying),蔚為(wei)(wei)壯觀,殿(dian)(dian)(dian)前(qian)石欄上(shang)刻有杭州西湖二十四景圖。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)東還有倉圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)祠、景賢(xian)祠。前(qian)祠奉(feng)祀傳(chuan)說中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)漢字創造(zao)者(zhe)倉頡。后(hou)者(zhe)為(wei)(wei)鄉人紀念明洪武(wu)年間被(bei)貶謫至此講學近十余年,與邊地文(wen)稿教有功的(de)(de)(de)文(wen)人學士王奎、韓宜(yi)可(ke)而建的(de)(de)(de)祠堂(tang),也稱二賢(xian)祠。
崇圣殿后原有尊(zun)經部長,為滇南最古老(lao)的藏書樓,已毀,唯剩古柏(bo)百(bai)余(yu)株。