簡介
西(xi)夏(xia)(xia)王陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)位于寧(ning)夏(xia)(xia)回(hui)族自(zi)治區銀川(chuan)市西(xi)部(bu)30公(gong)里(li)的賀(he)蘭(lan)(lan)山東麓,陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)區北(bei)起(qi)泉齊溝,南至銀巴公(gong)路(lu),南北(bei)長(chang)約10公(gong)里(li);東臨西(xi)干渠,西(xi)靠賀(he)蘭(lan)(lan)山,東西(xi)寬(kuan)約5公(gong)里(li),總占(zhan)地(di)(di)面(mian)積約為(wei)50平方公(gong)里(li)。陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)區位于賀(he)蘭(lan)(lan)山中(zhong)段(duan)南段(duan)東側,為(wei)山前洪積扇地(di)(di)帶,海拔1150-1220米。地(di)(di)表遍布礫石和粗砂(sha),地(di)(di)基承重力大(da),保(bao)(bao)水性(xing)差,自(zi)然排水條件好。良好的地(di)(di)基使西(xi)夏(xia)(xia)王陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)成功渡過了西(xi)北(bei)地(di)(di)區歷(li)史上的多場大(da)地(di)(di)震。陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)園(yuan)所處(chu)位置常年降水量偏少(shao),山洪暴發的可能(neng)性(xing)很低(di),利于陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)園(yuan)的整(zheng)體保(bao)(bao)護。初(chu)建時每個陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)園(yuan)均有地(di)(di)下陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)寢、墓室、地(di)(di)面(mian)建筑(zhu)和園(yuan)林,獨立占(zhan)地(di)(di)都(dou)在(zai)10萬(wan)平方米左右(you),形制與(yu)布局大(da)體相(xiang)同。
西(xi)夏王(wang)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)中(zhong)帝陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)共(gong)有(you)9座,根據1990年(nian)所編號(hao)(hao)碼,一(yi)號(hao)(hao)、二號(hao)(hao)、三號(hao)(hao)、五號(hao)(hao)、七(qi)號(hao)(hao)和(he)九號(hao)(hao)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)位于平原之(zhi)上,四(si)(si)號(hao)(hao)、六(liu)號(hao)(hao)和(he)八號(hao)(hao)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)則依山(shan)而建。每一(yi)座帝陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)均坐(zuo)北(bei)朝南,呈縱向長(chang)方(fang)形(xing),占地面積達10萬(wan)平方(fang)米以上。這(zhe)些帝陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)的(de)外(wai)郭(guo)形(xing)制雖然有(you)開(kai)口式(shi)、封閉(bi)式(shi)和(he)無外(wai)郭(guo)式(shi)三種,內部結構卻大體相(xiang)同,分為角(jiao)臺、闕臺、月城(cheng)、陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)城(cheng)四(si)(si)部分。這(zhe)些帝陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)的(de)外(wai)郭(guo)或宮城(cheng)的(de)長(chang)寬(kuan)比例(li)都在(zai)1.5:1.7之(zhi)間,與史籍(ji)記(ji)載的(de)興(xing)慶府城(cheng)郭(guo)的(de)長(chang)寬(kuan)比大致相(xiang)當。史籍(ji)當中(zhong)記(ji)載西(xi)夏王(wang)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)有(you)名(ming)號(hao)(hao)的(de)也(ye)只有(you)9座,而神宗(zong)李遵頊、獻宗(zong)李德旺、末(mo)主李晛的(de)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)墓(mu)史籍(ji)沒有(you)記(ji)載,可能存(cun)在(zai)的(de)其余三座帝陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)則或許由于西(xi)夏末(mo)年(nian)兵荒馬亂而并未建造,也(ye)有(you)可能在(zai)二十世紀六(liu)十年(nian)代被當地某建筑單位夷平。在(zai)這(zhe)些帝陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)之(zhi)間的(de)4個區域,集中(zhong)分布著至少254座陪葬墓(mu)。在(zai)陪葬墓(mu)集中(zhong)的(de)七(qi)號(hao)(hao)、八號(hao)(hao)、九號(hao)(hao)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)一(yi)帶(dai),考古(gu)人員清理出1座西(xi)夏祖廟(miao)的(de)遺址。
此外,九(jiu)(jiu)座帝陵(ling)(ling)(ling)現存碑(bei)亭(ting)(ting)(ting)遺址共16處,其中一(yi)號(hao)、二(er)號(hao)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)各3座,三號(hao)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)2座,四號(hao)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)現只存1座西碑(bei)亭(ting)(ting)(ting),五號(hao)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)3座,六號(hao)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)2座,七號(hao)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)2座。八號(hao)、九(jiu)(jiu)號(hao)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)除陵(ling)(ling)(ling)塔(ta)外,所有地面(mian)建筑(zhu)均被夷平(ping),故(gu)碑(bei)亭(ting)(ting)(ting)已不存。按照(zhao)西夏(xia)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)區其他帝陵(ling)(ling)(ling)的陵(ling)(ling)(ling)園建筑(zhu)規制、布(bu)局,估計八號(hao)、九(jiu)(jiu)號(hao)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)原來至(zhi)少各有2座碑(bei)亭(ting)(ting)(ting)。九(jiu)(jiu)號(hao)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)西碑(bei)亭(ting)(ting)(ting)曾于(yu)二(er)十世紀(ji)七十年代某單位基建時出土了(le)4件雕像(xiang)石碑(bei)座。
陵區北部(bu)(bu)偏東,有(you)一(yi)座規模(mo)較大的(de)陵邑性質的(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)遺(yi)址。遺(yi)址內(nei)廣場、道(dao)路、院(yuan)落、水井和(he)(he)房屋等遺(yi)跡都(dou)清晰可見,布局十分規范整(zheng)齊,總面積(ji)近10萬平方米。四周筑(zhu)有(you)夯土城墻。城內(nei)分前、中、后(hou)三個部(bu)(bu)分,中部(bu)(bu)和(he)(he)后(hou)部(bu)(bu)的(de)正中各有(you)一(yi)座規模(mo)宏大的(de)殿堂(tang),其他建(jian)筑(zhu)多集中在城的(de)前部(bu)(bu)和(he)(he)中部(bu)(bu),并組成一(yi)座座封閉(bi)式庭(ting)院(yuan)。遺(yi)址中發掘出大批(pi)色澤鮮(xian)艷的(de)綠色琉(liu)璃板瓦、筒瓦、瓦當(dang)、滴水、脊獸(shou)、鴟(chi)吻和(he)(he)其他建(jian)筑(zhu)裝飾構件,如乳白(bai)色或青白(bai)色帶(dai)有(you)冰裂紋的(de)小(xiao)白(bai)瓷板瓦、側邊有(you)黑色釉的(de)牛(niu)郎合(he)瓦、精(jing)雕細琢的(de)石刻。
陵邑附(fu)近,西(xi)(xi)(xi)干渠西(xi)(xi)(xi)岸、昊(hao)王渠及其東(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)兩側的(de)自(zi)然岡丘上,由北向南分布著一系(xi)列西(xi)(xi)(xi)夏窯(yao)(yao)址,綿延七(qi)八(ba)公(gong)里,計幾十余處之多。其中有燒制(zhi)方磚(zhuan)、長(chang)方磚(zhuan)、條(tiao)磚(zhuan)、板筒瓦、瓦當、滴水、琉(liu)璃飾件等(deng)建(jian)材(cai)的(de)磚(zhuan)瓦窯(yao)(yao)和石灰窯(yao)(yao)。據研究人員推測,該窯(yao)(yao)址為專門燒制(zhi)西(xi)(xi)(xi)夏王陵建(jian)筑材(cai)料而建(jian)。
除此九大(da)陵區(qu)外,另有神宗(zong)李(li)(li)遵頊、獻(xian)宗(zong)李(li)(li)德旺、末主李(li)(li)晛等獨立陵區(qu)。
主要陵區
綜述
截(jie)至2014年(nian),西夏(xia)王陵(ling)(ling)遺(yi)址(zhi)共確認出西夏(xia)帝陵(ling)(ling)9座(zuo)(zuo),陵(ling)(ling)邑(yi)遺(yi)址(zhi)1座(zuo)(zuo),陪(pei)葬(zang)墓254座(zuo)(zuo),窯址(zhi)幾十處,祖(zu)廟(miao)1座(zuo)(zuo),除7號陵(ling)(ling)和182號陪(pei)葬(zang)墓外,其余墓葬(zang)的墓主(zhu)人尚無法得到(dao)最終確認。
裕陵
陵(ling)(ling)區坐(zuo)北朝(chao)南(nan),方向南(nan)偏東15度。地面(mian)建(jian)筑基本全部變成廢(fei)墟。整個陵(ling)(ling)園為封閉式外神墻包圍,墻外有角(jiao)臺,陵(ling)(ling)園內(nei)從(cong)南(nan)到北有闕臺、碑亭、月城(cheng)(cheng)、內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng);內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)中有獻(xian)殿、墓道、陵(ling)(ling)臺等建(jian)筑。
該陵(ling)(ling)園(yuan)(yuan)的(de)外城(cheng)已經(jing)全部倒塌(ta),呈(cheng)南北(bei)長方形(xing),南北(bei)長360米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)寬250米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);南墻正中留有(you)門道(dao)(dao),寬約(yue)(yue)35米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),其余三面(mian)(mian)封閉,墻體(ti)為夯(hang)土(tu)實心(xin),外表包砌(qi)石(shi)塊(kuai),厚(hou)度(du)在1.7米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)左右(you)。陵(ling)(ling)園(yuan)(yuan)南端外神(shen)門內兩(liang)(liang)(liang)側(ce)(ce)建有(you)東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)相(xiang)對的(de)2座(zuo)闕(que)臺(tai),彼(bi)此(ci)相(xiang)距65米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),由(you)黃沙質夯(hang)土(tu)筑(zhu)成,基(ji)(ji)(ji)底呈(cheng)正方形(xing),每邊長8米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),高6米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)左右(you)。現(xian)殘(can)(can)存(cun)平頂,周圍(wei)殘(can)(can)存(cun)板瓦(wa)、筒瓦(wa)殘(can)(can)片(pian)以及磚(zhuan)塊(kuai)、褐紅泥(ni)皮堆積(ji)。陵(ling)(ling)園(yuan)(yuan)內共有(you)三座(zuo)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)亭(ting)(ting)(ting)遺址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),其中在東(dong)(dong)(dong)側(ce)(ce)有(you)2座(zuo),西(xi)側(ce)(ce)有(you)1座(zuo)。靠北(bei)的(de)一(yi)側(ce)(ce)東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)座(zuo)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)亭(ting)(ting)(ting)相(xiang)對,距離闕(que)臺(tai)各(ge)40米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),兩(liang)(liang)(liang)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)亭(ting)(ting)(ting)相(xiang)距65米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。西(xi)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)亭(ting)(ting)(ting)殘(can)(can)存(cun)臺(tai)基(ji)(ji)(ji)約(yue)(yue)1.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),臺(tai)面(mian)(mian)邊長10米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),臺(tai)面(mian)(mian)殘(can)(can)存(cun)鋪地磚(zhuan),臺(tai)基(ji)(ji)(ji)周圍(wei)被倒塌(ta)的(de)殘(can)(can)磚(zhuan)亂瓦(wa)及土(tu)石(shi)填起(qi),堆積(ji)呈(cheng)圓臺(tai)型,堆積(ji)之上及其周圍(wei)散布大量磚(zhuan)瓦(wa)、石(shi)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)碎(sui)塊(kuai),還有(you)少量琉璃(li)瓦(wa)和槽心(xin)瓦(wa)殘(can)(can)塊(kuai)。東(dong)(dong)(dong)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)亭(ting)(ting)(ting)比西(xi)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)亭(ting)(ting)(ting)略高,其他(ta)(ta)情況與西(xi)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)亭(ting)(ting)(ting)類似。東(dong)(dong)(dong)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)亭(ting)(ting)(ting)南側(ce)(ce)10米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)處(chu)(chu)有(you)1座(zuo)小碑(bei)(bei)(bei)亭(ting)(ting)(ting),堆積(ji)高約(yue)(yue)1米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),正方形(xing)臺(tai)基(ji)(ji)(ji),邊長約(yue)(yue)8米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),其他(ta)(ta)殘(can)(can)骸與另兩(liang)(liang)(liang)座(zuo)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)亭(ting)(ting)(ting)類似。在碑(bei)(bei)(bei)亭(ting)(ting)(ting)以北(bei)約(yue)(yue)110米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)處(chu)(chu)有(you)一(yi)處(chu)(chu)月城(cheng)遺址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),神(shen)墻多已倒塌(ta),門址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)側(ce)(ce)各(ge)殘(can)(can)存(cun)一(yi)段較(jiao)高的(de)墻體(ti)。月城(cheng)的(de)墻體(ti)為黃沙土(tu)夯(hang)筑(zhu),夯(hang)層厚(hou)8至13厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)不等,月城(cheng)內神(shen)道(dao)(dao)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)側(ce)(ce)各(ge)有(you)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)列(lie)石(shi)像(xiang)生(sheng)遺址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),間距15米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),石(shi)像(xiang)生(sheng)殘(can)(can)塊(kuai)已很難(nan)找到。
月城(cheng)(cheng)以(yi)(yi)北(bei)為(wei)內城(cheng)(cheng)遺址(zhi),該遺址(zhi)呈南(nan)北(bei)長(chang)(chang)方(fang)形(xing)(xing),南(nan)北(bei)長(chang)(chang)約(yue)115米(mi)(mi)(mi),東西(xi)長(chang)(chang)200米(mi)(mi)(mi)。四(si)面(mian)以(yi)(yi)神(shen)(shen)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)環繞,南(nan)端距(ju)離外(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)137米(mi)(mi)(mi),東、西(xi)、北(bei)三面(mian)均相距(ju)22米(mi)(mi)(mi)左右。墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)基寬約(yue)3米(mi)(mi)(mi),黃沙土(tu)(tu)分(fen)(fen)段夯(hang)筑,殘(can)存(cun)最高(gao)可達4米(mi)(mi)(mi)有(you)(you)(you)余。南(nan)神(shen)(shen)門(men)遺址(zhi)寬12米(mi)(mi)(mi),周(zhou)圍(wei)(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)(you)大量(liang)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)、瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)以(yi)(yi)及琉(liu)璃(li)(li)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)、槽心(xin)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)殘(can)塊。門(men)址(zhi)兩側(ce)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)加(jia)寬,另外(wai)3面(mian)神(shen)(shen)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)正(zheng)中(zhong)亦(yi)辟(pi)門(men),都散見磚(zhuan)(zhuan)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa),門(men)道(dao)暢通。內城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)四(si)個轉角(jiao)(jiao)處(chu)夯(hang)土(tu)(tu)皆殘(can)存(cun)較多(duo),均有(you)(you)(you)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)等建(jian)筑材(cai)(cai)料(liao)散布。在(zai)南(nan)神(shen)(shen)門(men)內偏西(xi)約(yue)30米(mi)(mi)(mi)處(chu)有(you)(you)(you)一處(chu)獻殿遺址(zhi),殘(can)存(cun)臺(tai)基為(wei)東西(xi)向長(chang)(chang)方(fang)形(xing)(xing),臺(tai)面(mian)長(chang)(chang)18米(mi)(mi)(mi),寬12米(mi)(mi)(mi),其上及周(zhou)圍(wei)(wei)(wei)散見大量(liang)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)、瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)、琉(liu)璃(li)(li)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)、槽心(xin)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)、脊飾等建(jian)筑材(cai)(cai)料(liao)。從遺址(zhi)堆(dui)積分(fen)(fen)析,獻殿的(de)風格疑似為(wei)歇山(shan)式(shi)殿堂。在(zai)獻殿之后約(yue)5米(mi)(mi)(mi)處(chu)為(wei)墓(mu)(mu)道(dao)封(feng)土(tu)(tu),成魚(yu)脊形(xing)(xing)狀隆起,東南(nan)低西(xi)北(bei)高(gao),除(chu)砂(sha)礫填土(tu)(tu)外(wai),表面(mian)多(duo)較大的(de)石塊,其末端已經(jing)被(bei)破壞。墓(mu)(mu)道(dao)封(feng)土(tu)(tu)北(bei)端東側(ce)約(yue)15米(mi)(mi)(mi)處(chu)近距(ju)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)臺(tai)的(de)地(di)方(fang)有(you)(you)(you)1處(chu)鐘虡遺址(zhi),僅剩高(gao)約(yue)4米(mi)(mi)(mi),底(di)面(mian)邊長(chang)(chang)5米(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)夯(hang)土(tu)(tu)臺(tai),其周(zhou)圍(wei)(wei)(wei)散見琉(liu)璃(li)(li)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)等建(jian)筑材(cai)(cai)料(liao)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)園內城(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)北(bei)有(you)(you)(you)1處(chu)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)臺(tai),該陵(ling)(ling)(ling)臺(tai)距(ju)離北(bei)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)35米(mi)(mi)(mi),距(ju)離西(xi)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)45米(mi)(mi)(mi),外(wai)形(xing)(xing)呈八角(jiao)(jiao)形(xing)(xing),分(fen)(fen)七個層(ceng)(ceng)次,每層(ceng)(ceng)向內收分(fen)(fen),頂部趨(qu)尖。陵(ling)(ling)(ling)臺(tai)夯(hang)土(tu)(tu)周(zhou)身有(you)(you)(you)椽洞(dong),洞(dong)孔(kong)隨收分(fen)(fen)成層(ceng)(ceng)分(fen)(fen)布,其孔(kong)徑10至(zhi)30厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)不(bu)等,陵(ling)(ling)(ling)臺(tai)周(zhou)圍(wei)(wei)(wei)數布大量(liang)青磚(zhuan)(zhuan)、灰瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)及琉(liu)璃(li)(li)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)、糟(zao)心(xin)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)等建(jian)筑材(cai)(cai)料(liao)。在(zai)外(wai)神(shen)(shen)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)的(de)外(wai)側(ce)有(you)(you)(you)4處(chu)角(jiao)(jiao)臺(tai),外(wai)形(xing)(xing)呈覆斗型,高(gao)約(yue)5米(mi)(mi)(mi)。前角(jiao)(jiao)臺(tai)緊靠外(wai)神(shen)(shen)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang),其連線跨越月城(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)央。臺(tai)體(ti)(ti)為(wei)底(di)邊長(chang)(chang)4米(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)夯(hang)土(tu)(tu)筑成,均坍(tan)塌嚴重,周(zhou)圍(wei)(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)(you)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)等建(jian)筑材(cai)(cai)料(liao),后角(jiao)(jiao)臺(tai)在(zai)外(wai)神(shen)(shen)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)轉角(jiao)(jiao)外(wai)側(ce)。
嘉陵
號(hao)(hao)陵(ling)。陵(ling)主(zhu)李德明(ming),李繼遷之長子,系西夏皇(huang)帝李元昊(hao)之父。墓(mu)號(hao)(hao)嘉陵(ling)。二號(hao)(hao)陵(ling)位于一號(hao)(hao)陵(ling)西北部約30米的位置處。地面建筑基(ji)本全部變成(cheng)廢墟。其除四周角臺殘(can)存(cun)高(gao)度比一號(hao)(hao)陵(ling)略低之外,其余殘(can)存(cun)情況、整體架構(gou)、建筑組成(cheng)、地理朝向(xiang)等(deng)均與一號(hao)(hao)陵(ling)類似。
泰陵
落在一(yi)片開(kai)闊(kuo)地(di)上,其(qi)西(xi)南約(yue)3公(gong)(gong)里遠(yuan)處(chu)為一(yi)號(hao)、二號(hao)陵(ling),其(qi)北(bei)約(yue)1.5公(gong)(gong)里為五號(hao)、六號(hao)陵(ling),其(qi)西(xi)約(yue)2公(gong)(gong)里則為四號(hao)陵(ling)。三號(hao)陵(ling)園坐北(bei)朝南,方向南偏東55度。地(di)面建(jian)筑被嚴重破壞。整座陵(ling)園從(cong)南到北(bei)由角臺、闕臺、碑亭、月(yue)(yue)城、內城、獻殿、墓道封土、陵(ling)臺等共同組成(cheng)。2000年(nian)10月(yue)(yue)至11月(yue)(yue)、2001年(nian)4月(yue)(yue)至6月(yue)(yue)以及2001年(nian)9月(yue)(yue)至10月(yue)(yue),考古(gu)人員對(dui)三號(hao)陵(ling)園建(jian)筑遺址(zhi)進行了三次(ci)大規模考古(gu)發掘,揭露面積2萬多平方米。
陵園南端(duan)左(zuo)右兩(liang)側各有(you)(you)(you)(you)1座闕臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)遺址(zhi),兩(liang)座遺址(zhi)東(dong)(dong)西(xi)相(xiang)距約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)120米(mi)(mi)(mi),由純(chun)凈(jing)黃土筑(zhu)成(cheng)。東(dong)(dong)闕臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)基部(bu)(bu)(bu)呈(cheng)方(fang)形(xing),邊長約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)8米(mi)(mi)(mi),高(gao)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)8米(mi)(mi)(mi),上(shang)部(bu)(bu)(bu)向(xiang)內(nei)收,頂(ding)部(bu)(bu)(bu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)較(jiao)小(xiao)的臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)基,頂(ding)部(bu)(bu)(bu)和周(zhou)圍(wei)散落(luo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)大量(liang)建(jian)筑(zhu)殘(can)塊,經(jing)過(guo)(guo)細致發(fa)掘后發(fa)現根部(bu)(bu)(bu)已(yi)經(jing)被掏空。西(xi)闕臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)已(yi)剝(bo)落(luo)成(cheng)2層圓臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)形(xing)狀,臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)高(gao)6.8米(mi)(mi)(mi)。周(zhou)圍(wei)散落(luo)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)瓦(wa)殘(can)塊等(deng)建(jian)筑(zhu)材料。位于(yu)雙(shuang)闕臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)以(yi)(yi)北約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)50米(mi)(mi)(mi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)2座碑(bei)亭(ting)遺址(zhi)。碑(bei)亭(ting)東(dong)(dong)西(xi)相(xiang)對,間距120米(mi)(mi)(mi),已(yi)經(jing)全部(bu)(bu)(bu)被發(fa)掘。其中(zhong)(zhong)東(dong)(dong)碑(bei)亭(ting)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)基呈(cheng)方(fang)形(xing),邊長21.5米(mi)(mi)(mi),夯筑(zhu)土臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai),臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)基四周(zhou)以(yi)(yi)扭繩(sheng)紋長方(fang)形(xing)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)砌(qi)成(cheng)三級逐漸收縮的臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)階,高(gao)2.35米(mi)(mi)(mi)。臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)而為(wei)(wei)圓角方(fang)形(xing),邊長15.5米(mi)(mi)(mi),中(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)一(yi)圓形(xing)基址(zhi),直徑(jing)13.4米(mi)(mi)(mi),室內(nei)直徑(jing)7.5米(mi)(mi)(mi),其外為(wei)(wei)寬(kuan)2.85米(mi)(mi)(mi)的墻基,室內(nei)鋪方(fang)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)、中(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)殘(can)存3個(ge)人像石(shi)座。周(zhou)圍(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)大量(liang)西(xi)夏文(wen)碑(bei)殘(can)塊及銅(tong)鈴鐺、甲(jia)片等(deng)建(jian)筑(zhu)材料。碑(bei)亭(ting)南面開門,門內(nei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)25塊方(fang)形(xing)花(hua)紋磚(zhuan)(zhuan)呈(cheng)方(fang)形(xing)排列(lie),門外延伸(shen)出斜坡式踏(ta)道。在西(xi)、北兩(liang)邊側有(you)(you)(you)(you)5座灶(zao)坑,灶(zao)坑鑿穿了臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)基,內(nei)壁堅硬,有(you)(you)(you)(you)很重(zhong)的煙痕,坑內(nei)堆積與(yu)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)基上(shang)部(bu)(bu)(bu)堆積的殘(can)塊種(zhong)類相(xiang)同。發(fa)掘物中(zhong)(zhong)以(yi)(yi)建(jian)筑(zhu)用磚(zhuan)(zhuan)最多,數量(liang)驚人,卻極少(shao)見(jian)列(lie)瓦(wa)片。由于(yu)破壞(huai)燒(shao)毀嚴重(zhong),屋頂(ding)的建(jian)筑(zhu)風格已(yi)無法(fa)推(tui)測。富有(you)(you)(you)(you)物征的花(hua)紋磚(zhuan)(zhuan),圖案(an)達8種(zhong)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)。粗繩(sheng)紋磚(zhuan)(zhuan)中(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)多在凹槽內(nei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)1漢(han)(han)字(zi),如(ru)李、牛、言、五等(deng)漢(han)(han)字(zi)姓(xing)氏或記號,表明了營建(jian)陵園過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)曾有(you)(you)(you)(you)漢(han)(han)族(zu)工匠參與(yu)。
西(xi)碑亭堆(dui)積(ji)(ji)高約3米(mi),表面布(bu)滿殘(can)磚塊,其(qi)間(jian)(jian)生有雜草,堆(dui)積(ji)(ji)范圍(wei)在1000平(ping)方米(mi)左右。在發掘過(guo)后,西(xi)碑亭上方加(jia)蓋了簡易保護棚,東(dong)碑亭已用砂土封蓋。碑亭北側有一(yi)處月城(cheng)遺址(zhi),該遺址(zhi)呈東(dong)西(xi)長(chang)方形,東(dong)西(xi)長(chang)約130米(mi),南(nan)(nan)北寬約50米(mi)。月城(cheng)筑(zhu)于陵城(cheng)南(nan)(nan)面,由(you)東(dong)墻(qiang)(qiang)、南(nan)(nan)墻(qiang)(qiang)、西(xi)墻(qiang)(qiang)圍(wei)成,南(nan)(nan)墻(qiang)(qiang)中部(bu)(bu)辟門,月城(cheng)東(dong)墻(qiang)(qiang)、西(xi)墻(qiang)(qiang)北接陵城(cheng)的(de)南(nan)(nan)墻(qiang)(qiang)。月城(cheng)內東(dong)部(bu)(bu)、西(xi)部(bu)(bu)各(ge)有兩(liang)列南(nan)(nan)北向的(de)石像(xiang)生基址(zhi)殘(can)跡,兩(liang)列基址(zhi)東(dong)西(xi)間(jian)(jian)距8.8米(mi),神(shen)道兩(liang)側的(de)基址(zhi)東(dong)西(xi)間(jian)(jian)距32米(mi)。墻(qiang)(qiang)垣(yuan)夯(hang)土版(ban)筑(zhu),基寬2.45至2.55米(mi),夯(hang)層厚0.07至0.1米(mi),墻(qiang)(qiang)體殘(can)高多不到1米(mi)。
月(yue)城北(bei)(bei)側(ce)(ce)為內(nei)(nei)(nei)城遺址,四面(mian)(mian)(mian)用神(shen)墻環繞,呈南(nan)北(bei)(bei)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)方形(xing)(xing)(xing),南(nan)北(bei)(bei)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)180米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),東(dong)西(xi)寬(kuan)(kuan)160米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。占(zhan)地(di)約(yue)(yue)40畝。神(shen)墻中部較(jiao)窄,靠近(jin)轉(zhuan)角(jiao)(jiao)漸寬(kuan)(kuan)大,純凈(jing)黃(huang)(huang)土(tu)(tu)分段(duan)夯(hang)(hang)筑(zhu)而成,中部每段(duan)約(yue)(yue)3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),殘(can)高(gao)約(yue)(yue)3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),比較(jiao)平(ping)齊,各段(duan)如須彌(mi)座形(xing)(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)。神(shen)墻四處(chu)(chu)(chu)轉(zhuan)角(jiao)(jiao)皆很(hen)高(gao)大,類圓(yuan)柱(zhu)(zhu)形(xing)(xing)(xing),從各轉(zhuan)角(jiao)(jiao)往(wang)神(shen)墻兩(liang)側(ce)(ce),連體圓(yuan)柱(zhu)(zhu)愈來(lai)愈矮小(xiao),各有(you)(you)(you)5個(ge),共40個(ge)。其(qi)(qi)殘(can)存最高(gao)達6米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)以(yi)上,最低的(de)3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),發現在轉(zhuan)角(jiao)(jiao)處(chu)(chu)(chu)5個(ge)連體圓(yuan)柱(zhu)(zhu)夯(hang)(hang)土(tu)(tu)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)周(zhou)圍皆有(you)(you)(you)磚瓦(wa)(wa)殘(can)存。內(nei)(nei)(nei)城四面(mian)(mian)(mian)神(shen)墻皆正中辟門(men),門(men)址寬(kuan)(kuan)約(yue)(yue)12米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),地(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)散布瓦(wa)(wa)片(pian)、脊飾殘(can)塊等。根據統計(ji),內(nei)(nei)(nei)城坍(tan)(tan)塌墻體在2002年時已達189.1米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),約(yue)(yue)占(zhan)墻體總(zong)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)度的(de)27.8%。南(nan)神(shen)門(men)內(nei)(nei)(nei)約(yue)(yue)25米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)偏西(xi)處(chu)(chu)(chu)有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)處(chu)(chu)(chu)獻殿遺址。根據考古發掘情況(kuang)看,可能(neng)原(yuan)(yuan)為一(yi)正方形(xing)(xing)(xing)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)基(ji)(ji),臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)面(mian)(mian)(mian)周(zhou)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)65米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),直(zhi)(zhi)徑約(yue)(yue)20米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),堆積厚約(yue)(yue)1米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)基(ji)(ji)以(yi)純凈(jing)黃(huang)(huang)土(tu)(tu)墊起,其(qi)(qi)上及周(zhou)圍殘(can)存大量(liang)青(qing)磚灰瓦(wa)(wa)及琉璃(li)構件。獻殿之后(hou)約(yue)(yue)6米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)為墓道封土(tu)(tu),南(nan)北(bei)(bei)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)(yue)42米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),呈東(dong)南(nan)——西(xi)北(bei)(bei)走向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),形(xing)(xing)(xing)似魚脊,以(yi)砂石填充。其(qi)(qi)末端為盜(dao)(dao)坑(keng),盜(dao)(dao)坑(keng)直(zhi)(zhi)徑約(yue)(yue)20米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),深約(yue)(yue)5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。坑(keng)內(nei)(nei)(nei)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)有(you)(you)(you)若干(gan)小(xiao)樹(shu),兩(liang)側(ce)(ce)有(you)(you)(you)土(tu)(tu)堆。內(nei)(nei)(nei)城西(xi)北(bei)(bei)隅有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)處(chu)(chu)(chu)陵(ling)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai),八角(jiao)(jiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing),高(gao)約(yue)(yue)20米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),分7級(ji),每級(ji)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)內(nei)(nei)(nei)收分。陵(ling)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)收分處(chu)(chu)(chu)及周(zhou)圍地(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)散布大量(liang)瓦(wa)(wa)片(pian)、瓦(wa)(wa)當、滴水等建(jian)筑(zhu)材(cai)料。夯(hang)(hang)土(tu)(tu)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)整體形(xing)(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)為塔形(xing)(xing)(xing),其(qi)(qi)上露出(chu)一(yi)個(ge)個(ge)椽(chuan)洞(dong),有(you)(you)(you)水平(ping)方向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的(de),還有(you)(you)(you)豎斜(xie)方向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的(de),證明(ming)原(yuan)(yuan)來(lai)有(you)(you)(you)椽(chuan)出(chu)頭。距(ju)離(li)陵(ling)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)較(jiao)遠(yuan)的(de)四角(jiao)(jiao)各有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)座角(jiao)(jiao)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai),其(qi)(qi)中東(dong)南(nan)、西(xi)南(nan)的(de)兩(liang)座角(jiao)(jiao)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)已坍(tan)(tan)塌,西(xi)南(nan)角(jiao)(jiao)尚(shang)可分辨認(ren)出(chu)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)基(ji)(ji),相(xiang)距(ju)約(yue)(yue)520米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。其(qi)(qi)連線在雙(shuang)闕臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)之前,北(bei)(bei)面(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)2座角(jiao)(jiao)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)相(xiang)距(ju)290米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。東(dong)北(bei)(bei)角(jiao)(jiao)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)殘(can)高(gao)1米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)多,坍(tan)(tan)塌嚴重(zhong),只有(you)(you)(you)西(xi)北(bei)(bei)處(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)角(jiao)(jiao)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)保存比較(jiao)完好(hao),殘(can)高(gao)約(yue)(yue)5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),但嚴重(zhong)風化。北(bei)(bei)邊兩(liang)角(jiao)(jiao)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)相(xiang)距(ju)272米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。南(nan)北(bei)(bei)聯(lian)線約(yue)(yue)460米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。夯(hang)(hang)土(tu)(tu)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)因剝蝕已趨圓(yuan)柱(zhu)(zhu)形(xing)(xing)(xing),底面(mian)(mian)(mian)周(zhou)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)20米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。純凈(jing)黃(huang)(huang)土(tu)(tu)夯(hang)(hang)筑(zhu),周(zhou)圍散落(luo)著大量(liang)紅褐(he)色板瓦(wa)(wa)、筒瓦(wa)(wa)殘(can)片(pian)。
安陵
位于泰(tai)陵(ling)西(xi)約(yue)2公里的賀蘭山山腳(jiao)下,陵(ling)園(yuan)(yuan)東(dong)、西(xi)、北(bei)三面環山,面積約(yue)10萬(wan)平方米(mi)(mi)(mi),坐北(bei)朝南。陵(ling)臺(tai)八(ba)面五級,高(gao)15米(mi)(mi)(mi)。陵(ling)園(yuan)(yuan)布(bu)局與(yu)泰(tai)陵(ling)相同,由(you)闕臺(tai)、碑(bei)(bei)亭(ting)、月(yue)城、獻殿、陵(ling)臺(tai)、墓(mu)道(dao)等部分(fen)組成(cheng)。嫌(xian)遺存(cun)碑(bei)(bei)亭(ting)一(yi)座。陵(ling)園(yuan)(yuan)南端有東(dong)西(xi)2座闕臺(tai),相距70米(mi)(mi)(mi),由(you)黃(huang)沙土(tu)夯(hang)筑而成(cheng),基(ji)(ji)底呈方形,邊(bian)長9米(mi)(mi)(mi),殘高(gao)8米(mi)(mi)(mi)有余。夯(hang)土(tu)臺(tai)個別部位發(fa)生坍塌(ta),闕臺(tai)上下都有所收(shou)縮,頂部有臺(tai)基(ji)(ji),周(zhou)圍(wei)散落(luo)著磚、瓦(wa)等建筑材料。在(zai)西(xi)闕臺(tai)之后(hou)約(yue)45米(mi)(mi)(mi)略偏(pian)西(xi)、在(zai)月(yue)城之南50米(mi)(mi)(mi)略偏(pian)西(xi)的位置(zhi)有該(gai)陵(ling)園(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)唯(wei)一(yi)一(yi)處碑(bei)(bei)亭(ting)遺址,堆(dui)積高(gao)約(yue)1米(mi)(mi)(mi),迎積周(zhou)邊(bian)長68米(mi)(mi)(mi),中(zhong)部為方形臺(tai)基(ji)(ji),邊(bian)長10米(mi)(mi)(mi),臺(tai)基(ji)(ji)平面夯(hang)土(tu)中(zhong)有大(da)(da)青(qing)石(shi)板、臺(tai)簽(qian),周(zhou)圍(wei)散落(luo)大(da)(da)量磚瓦(wa)、碑(bei)(bei)石(shi)殘塊。該(gai)闕臺(tai)東(dong)側(ce)相應位置(zhi)已經變成(cheng)廣(guang)場,無法確認是(shi)否曾經存(cun)在(zai)碑(bei)(bei)亭(ting)。碑(bei)(bei)亭(ting)北(bei)側(ce)為月(yue)城,曾長期被當地放(fang)羊(yang)人占用,破壞嚴重。現(xian)存(cun)墻基(ji)(ji)寬(kuan)約(yue)2米(mi)(mi)(mi),東(dong)西(xi)長方形,東(dong)西(xi)長90米(mi)(mi)(mi),南北(bei)寬(kuan)40米(mi)(mi)(mi),南墻正中(zhong)留門(men)(men),門(men)(men)址兩側(ce)各殘存(cun)加寬(kuan)的斷墻,長約(yue)15米(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)約(yue)3米(mi)(mi)(mi)、高(gao)約(yue)2.5米(mi)(mi)(mi),黃(huang)沙土(tu)夯(hang)筑。月(yue)城內(nei)石(shi)像生基(ji)(ji)址已看不清楚,在(zai)二十(shi)世紀九十(shi)年代初,此處地面布(bu)滿羊(yang)糞(fen),旁邊(bian)不遠處圍(wei)有羊(yang)圈,神道(dao)正上方還蓋有放(fang)羊(yang)人居住(zhu)的房子,后(hou)已由(you)當地政(zheng)府出面,借(jie)旅游開發(fa)之機全(quan)部整頓拆除(chu)。
獻陵
考(kao)古調(diao)查(cha)稱(cheng)5號(hao)陵(ling)。五(wu)號(hao)陵(ling)位于(yu)六號(hao)陵(ling)東(dong)約(yue)500米,整體朝向為南偏東(dong)15度。整個陵(ling)園布局和(he)建筑構(gou)成(cheng)與(yu)六號(hao)陵(ling)相似,由(you)闕臺(tai)、碑亭、月城(cheng)、內城(cheng)、獻殿、陵(ling)臺(tai)、角臺(tai)、開口(kou)式外神墻等部(bu)分組成(cheng)。
陵園最南(nan)端有(you)(you)(you)(you)2座(zuo)闕(que)(que)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai),東(dong)(dong)(dong)西相(xiang)對,間距(ju)(ju)65米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),黃(huang)砂土夯筑(zhu)而成。基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)底呈方(fang)形(xing)(xing),邊(bian)(bian)(bian)長(chang)6米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),殘(can)(can)高(gao)5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)多,夯土層中(zhong)(zhong)央有(you)(you)(you)(you)數層石(shi)(shi)塊(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)、椽(chuan)洞(dong)共有(you)(you)(you)(you)3層,間距(ju)(ju)1米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),孔(kong)徑10-15厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)不等,有(you)(you)(you)(you)的洞(dong)孔(kong)由二根椽(chuan)洞(dong)組(zu)成。以(yi)1米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的高(gao)度為分(fen)界,夯土臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)上、下(xia)皆向內(nei)(nei)收縮(suo),周圍皆散(san)(san)布有(you)(you)(you)(you)磚塊(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)、板(ban)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)、筒瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)、灰(hui)槽瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)、琉(liu)(liu)璃構件等建筑(zhu)材(cai)料(liao)。雙闕(que)(que)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)北側(ce)(ce)(ce)有(you)(you)(you)(you)3座(zuo)碑(bei)亭(ting)(ting),其中(zhong)(zhong)西邊(bian)(bian)(bian)1座(zuo),東(dong)(dong)(dong)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)2座(zuo)南(nan)小北大。兩座(zuo)較大的碑(bei)亭(ting)(ting)各距(ju)(ju)闕(que)(que)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)50米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),二者(zhe)相(xiang)距(ju)(ju)55米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),已經全部(bu)清(qing)(qing)理(li)(li)(li)完(wan)畢。碑(bei)亭(ting)(ting)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)呈方(fang)形(xing)(xing),邊(bian)(bian)(bian)沿(yan)(yan)豎(shu)(shu)宜,臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)長(chang)14.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),高(gao)1.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),黃(huang)土夯筑(zhu),其中(zhong)(zhong)夾有(you)(you)(you)(you)石(shi)(shi)塊(kuai)(kuai)(kuai),夯層7至10厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)不等。臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)皆在內(nei)(nei)側(ce)(ce)(ce)有(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)踏(ta)步,斜長(chang)3.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬2.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),分(fen)作9級臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)階,臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之上以(yi)方(fang)磚砌(qi)出方(fang)形(xing)(xing),邊(bian)(bian)(bian)線已不清(qing)(qing),共殘(can)(can)存邊(bian)(bian)(bian)長(chang)為36厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的方(fang)磚5塊(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)。西亭(ting)(ting)中(zhong)(zhong)心有(you)(you)(you)(you)約2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)見方(fang)的范圍內(nei)(nei)沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)磚,可能(neng)原放有(you)(you)(you)(you)石(shi)(shi)像(xiang)座(zuo)。從旁邊(bian)(bian)(bian)清(qing)(qing)理(li)(li)(li)后的堆積物中(zhong)(zhong)發現有(you)(you)(you)(you):陶(tao)質板(ban)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)、筒瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)、獸面瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)當、花卉(hui)滴水,琉(liu)(liu)璃筒瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)、脊飾及灰(hui)槽瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)、碎(sui)殘(can)(can)塊(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)、人像(xiang)石(shi)(shi)座(zuo)殘(can)(can)塊(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)等。東(dong)(dong)(dong)碑(bei)亭(ting)(ting)之前約10米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)1個(ge)小碑(bei)亭(ting)(ting),未經清(qing)(qing)理(li)(li)(li),方(fang)形(xing)(xing),臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)長(chang)約8米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),周圍堆積物基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)本(ben)上類似已經清(qing)(qing)理(li)(li)(li)的兩座(zuo)碑(bei)亭(ting)(ting)。在碑(bei)亭(ting)(ting)以(yi)北約28米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)處(chu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)月(yue)(yue)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)遺址(zhi),整體(ti)形(xing)(xing)狀為東(dong)(dong)(dong)西長(chang)方(fang)形(xing)(xing),長(chang)130米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬50米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。墻(qiang)(qiang)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)寬約2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),月(yue)(yue)城(cheng)(cheng)正中(zhong)(zhong)開門(men),門(men)址(zhi)兩側(ce)(ce)(ce)各有(you)(you)(you)(you)1個(ge)方(fang)形(xing)(xing)土臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai),已坍(tan)塌(ta),范圍不清(qing)(qing),可能(neng)是門(men)闕(que)(que),在夯層中(zhong)(zhong)夾雜著大量石(shi)(shi)塊(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)。沿(yan)(yan)月(yue)(yue)城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)散(san)(san)見板(ban)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)、簡瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)、磚、灰(hui)槽瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)、滴水等殘(can)(can)塊(kuai)(kuai)(kuai),在月(yue)(yue)城(cheng)(cheng)東(dong)(dong)(dong)南(nan)部(bu)墻(qiang)(qiang)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)內(nei)(nei)側(ce)(ce)(ce)發現有(you)(you)(you)(you)成片的紅色(se)堆積層,可能(neng)是原墻(qiang)(qiang)面涂抹的紅色(se)墻(qiang)(qiang)皮。靠南(nan)墻(qiang)(qiang)內(nei)(nei)側(ce)(ce)(ce)約有(you)(you)(you)(you)20米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)長(chang)一(yi)段,沿(yan)(yan)墻(qiang)(qiang)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)底有(you)(you)(you)(you)豎(shu)(shu)直(zhi)嵌入(ru)的板(ban)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa),可能(neng)是原來作排水用的。月(yue)(yue)城(cheng)(cheng)神道兩側(ce)(ce)(ce)各有(you)(you)(you)(you)3列(lie)石(shi)(shi)像(xiang)生基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)址(zhi),殘(can)(can)存大量紅砂巖石(shi)(shi)像(xiang)生殘(can)(can)塊(kuai)(kuai)(kuai),大多風化成為小碎(sui)塊(kuai)(kuai)(kuai),基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)寬約4米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),間距(ju)(ju)16米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。
月城
北(bei)(bei)側(ce)為(wei)內(nei)(nei)(nei)城,四面(mian)(mian)(mian)環繞的(de)(de)補墻(qiang)多已(yi)坍塌(ta)(ta),從遺址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)看近似方(fang)形,南(nan)(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)長190米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),東(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)寬(kuan)(kuan)180米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),神(shen)(shen)(shen)墻(qiang)正中(zhong)各有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)神(shen)(shen)(shen)門(men)(men)(men),南(nan)(nan)(nan)神(shen)(shen)(shen)門(men)(men)(men)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)高出地面(mian)(mian)(mian)半米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)多,寬(kuan)(kuan)12米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),門(men)(men)(men)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兩側(ce)神(shen)(shen)(shen)墻(qiang)比其(qi)他地方(fang)的(de)(de)更寬(kuan)(kuan),周(zhou)圍(wei)(wei)(wei)散(san)落著(zhu)大(da)量建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)材(cai)(cai)料(liao),其(qi)它各門(men)(men)(men)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)周(zhou)圍(wei)(wei)(wei)亦散(san)見磚(zhuan)(zhuan)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)等(deng)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)用(yong)材(cai)(cai)。各轉(zhuan)角(jiao)(jiao)處略(lve)顯高大(da),可能原來(lai)建(jian)(jian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)角(jiao)(jiao)樓(lou)。南(nan)(nan)(nan)神(shen)(shen)(shen)門(men)(men)(men)內(nei)(nei)(nei)中(zhong)軸線(xian)40米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)偏(pian)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)8米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)處有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一處獻(xian)殿遺址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),已(yi)清理(li)(li),臺(tai)基(ji)為(wei)東(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)長方(fang)形,長20.2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)15.2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),高70厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),臺(tai)基(ji)邊(bian)緣向(xiang)上(shang)略(lve)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)收分,上(shang)部(bu)為(wei)黃(huang)(huang)沙(sha)土(tu)(tu)夯筑(zhu),下部(bu)為(wei)黃(huang)(huang)沙(sha)土(tu)(tu)層(ceng)與砂石層(ceng)相(xiang)間夯筑(zhu),南(nan)(nan)(nan)部(bu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)踏(ta)道(dao),斜(xie)長3.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),臺(tai)基(ji)踏(ta)道(dao)兩側(ce),各有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一列(lie)基(ji)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi).地面(mian)(mian)(mian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)石像生殘(can)(can)塊(kuai)(kuai),基(ji)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)向(xiang),南(nan)(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)長10米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),東(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)寬(kuan)(kuan)2.8米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),兩縱側(ce)砌有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)長方(fang)形磚(zhuan)(zhuan)。獻(xian)殿清理(li)(li)出的(de)(de)堆(dui)積(ji)物(wu)主(zhu)要有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you):長方(fang)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)、方(fang)形磚(zhuan)(zhuan)和板瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)、筒(tong)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)、灰槽(cao)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)及瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)當、滴水等(deng)遺物(wu)殘(can)(can)塊(kuai)(kuai),以筒(tong)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)最(zui)多。距(ju)獻(xian)殿約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)處為(wei)墓道(dao)封(feng)土(tu)(tu),呈東(dong)南(nan)(nan)(nan)-西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)走向(xiang),但方(fang)向(xiang)擺動不(bu)大(da)。寬(kuan)(kuan)6至10米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)端高大(da),整個墓道(dao)封(feng)土(tu)(tu)高度介于0.5至2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)之(zhi)間,形似魚脊(ji),主(zhu)要為(wei)砂石土(tu)(tu)。北(bei)(bei)端靠近陵(ling)臺(tai)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一半圓形盜坑(keng),直徑約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)6米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),深(shen)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),破壞了陵(ling)臺(tai)南(nan)(nan)(nan)部(bu)底邊(bian)。內(nei)(nei)(nei)城西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)處有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一陵(ling)臺(tai),四面(mian)(mian)(mian)坍塌(ta)(ta)嚴重,殘(can)(can)高約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)為(wei)10米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),黃(huang)(huang)土(tu)(tu)夯筑(zhu),各層(ceng)夯土(tu)(tu)之(zhi)間夾有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)幾層(ceng)石塊(kuai)(kuai),椽洞分布不(bu)勻,夯層(ceng)的(de)(de)厚度在(zai)8至13厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)不(bu)等(deng)。西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)側(ce)清理(li)(li)的(de)(de)堆(dui)積(ji)中(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)等(deng)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)用(yong)材(cai)(cai)。從盜坑(keng)斷面(mian)(mian)(mian)來(lai)看,陵(ling)臺(tai)似乎(hu)是平地起建(jian)(jian)的(de)(de),沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)打地基(ji)陵(ling)臺(tai)底部(bu)的(de)(de)外(wai)表覆蓋有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)紅泥皮。位于內(nei)(nei)(nei)城墻(qiang)外(wai)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)處為(wei)外(wai)神(shen)(shen)(shen)墻(qiang)遺址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),墻(qiang)基(ji)寬(kuan)(kuan)1.7米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),沿墻(qiang)基(ji)準礫石,最(zui)終連通至內(nei)(nei)(nei)城南(nan)(nan)(nan)墻(qiang)。外(wai)神(shen)(shen)(shen)墻(qiang)到達東(dong)、西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)、北(bei)(bei)三(san)(san)神(shen)(shen)(shen)門(men)(men)(men)處,皆向(xiang)外(wai)凸出一個長方(fang)形空間,長17米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)左右,寬(kuan)(kuan)12米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)左右,空地內(nei)(nei)(nei)地面(mian)(mian)(mian)平整,沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)其(qi)它遺跡現象。外(wai)神(shen)(shen)(shen)墻(qiang)外(wai)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)4座角(jiao)(jiao)臺(tai)遺址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),已(yi)經全部(bu)坍塌(ta)(ta),北(bei)(bei)面(mian)(mian)(mian)兩座角(jiao)(jiao)臺(tai)基(ji)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)相(xiang)距(ju)340米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),南(nan)(nan)(nan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)兩座角(jiao)(jiao)臺(tai)相(xiang)距(ju)365米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。東(dong)南(nan)(nan)(nan)角(jiao)(jiao)臺(tai)還殘(can)(can)存(cun)大(da)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)4.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)部(bu)分,方(fang)形夯土(tu)(tu)臺(tai)邊(bian)長4.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),夯土(tu)(tu)中(zhong)央有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)石塊(kuai)(kuai),周(zhou)圍(wei)(wei)(wei)散(san)落部(bu)分建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)材(cai)(cai)料(liao),其(qi)余三(san)(san)座角(jiao)(jiao)臺(tai)殘(can)(can)存(cun)均不(bu)超過(guo)1.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。
顯陵
考(kao)古調(diao)查稱6號(hao)(hao)陵。六號(hao)(hao)陵是西夏(xia)王(wang)陵當中截至2014年(nian)唯一一個打開地宮進行發掘的遺址,在發掘的時候該陵址的編號(hao)(hao)為八號(hao)(hao)陵。六號(hao)(hao)陵位于陵區中部偏西,依賀蘭山而建(jian),整體朝向(xiang)為南偏東15度(du),整個陵園由闕臺(tai)、碑亭(ting)、月(yue)城、內城、獻殿、墓道(dao)、陵臺(tai)、角臺(tai)等部分組成。
陵園南端有2座(zuo)闕臺(tai)(tai)遺址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),東西(xi)(xi)(xi)相對,間距為(wei)65米(mi)(mi)(mi),由夯土筑成,基(ji)(ji)(ji)部呈方(fang)形,邊(bian)長(chang)9米(mi)(mi)(mi),高7.1米(mi)(mi)(mi),頂部有臺(tai)(tai)基(ji)(ji)(ji),以(yi)土坯砌(qi)成,殘高1.3米(mi)(mi)(mi),臺(tai)(tai)基(ji)(ji)(ji)上(shang)及四(si)(si)周(zhou)散落(luo)著大(da)量(liang)(liang)磚瓦等建(jian)筑材料。闕臺(tai)(tai)北(bei)側有2座(zuo)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)亭遺址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),這2處遺址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)東西(xi)(xi)(xi)相對,東碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)亭臺(tai)(tai)基(ji)(ji)(ji)近(jin)方(fang)形,長(chang)22米(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)21米(mi)(mi)(mi),臺(tai)(tai)基(ji)(ji)(ji)四(si)(si)周(zhou)以(yi)條磚砌(qi)成5級逐漸收縮的臺(tai)(tai)階,高2.4米(mi)(mi)(mi),臺(tai)(tai)面(mian)長(chang)19米(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)18米(mi)(mi)(mi),臺(tai)(tai)面(mian)上(shang)有1個圓(yuan)形基(ji)(ji)(ji)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),地面(mian)鋪方(fang)磚,西(xi)(xi)(xi)側有斜坡踏步。在東側碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)亭周(zhou)圍發(fa)現大(da)量(liang)(liang)西(xi)(xi)(xi)夏文(wen)、漢文(wen)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)殘塊(kuai)(kuai)及磚塊(kuai)(kuai),但卻沒有瓦片(pian)。西(xi)(xi)(xi)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)亭臺(tai)(tai)基(ji)(ji)(ji)也近(jin)似方(fang)形,長(chang)16米(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)15米(mi)(mi)(mi),臺(tai)(tai)基(ji)(ji)(ji)四(si)(si)面(mian)外壁用碎石縱(zong)向砌(qi)成,臺(tai)(tai)面(mian)鋪方(fang)磚,以(yi)自然扁平石塊(kuai)(kuai)為(wei)柱礎。堆積中有大(da)量(liang)(liang)磚、瓦、鴟吻(wen)等建(jian)筑材料,東西(xi)(xi)(xi)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)側正中均有斜坡踏道,堆積巾發(fa)現有大(da)量(liang)(liang)西(xi)(xi)(xi)夏文(wen)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)殘塊(kuai)(kuai)。碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)亭北(bei)側為(wei)月城遺址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),東西(xi)(xi)(xi)長(chang)100米(mi)(mi)(mi),南北(bei)寬(kuan)45米(mi)(mi)(mi),正小有門,月城內(nei)神(shen)道兩(liang)(liang)(liang)側各(ge)有兩(liang)(liang)(liang)列(lie)石像(xiang)生基(ji)(ji)(ji)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。
月(yue)城(cheng)北側為內(nei)(nei)城(cheng),呈(cheng)南(nan)北長(chang)方(fang)形(xing),南(nan)北長(chang)183米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),東西(xi)(xi)寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)134米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),神(shen)(shen)墻基寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),分(fen)段(duan)夯筑,殘(can)高(gao)5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),南(nan)神(shen)(shen)門(men)正(zheng)中有(you)(you)門(men)道(dao)(dao)(dao),寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)17米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、門(men)道(dao)(dao)(dao)內(nei)(nei)外均(jun)有(you)(you)3條斜(xie)坡(po)式踏道(dao)(dao)(dao),每條寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),用磚(zhuan)鑲砌(qi),門(men)址內(nei)(nei)外散(san)落著大量磚(zhuan)瓦、鴟吻等建(jian)(jian)筑用材(cai)。另外三面(mian)神(shen)(shen)墻正(zheng)中也(ye)有(you)(you)門(men)道(dao)(dao)(dao),但(dan)門(men)道(dao)(dao)(dao)內(nei)(nei)側用土坯(pi)砌(qi)成高(gao)4米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)多的(de)(de)一(yi)堵墻,看起(qi)來無(wu)法通(tong)行(xing)。位于南(nan)神(shen)(shen)門(men)內(nei)(nei)偏西(xi)(xi)位置有(you)(you)一(yi)處獻殿遺址,臺基為東西(xi)(xi)長(chang)方(fang)形(xing),高(gao)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)90厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),地面(mian)以方(fang)形(xing)花紋(wen)磚(zhuan)砌(qi)之,殘(can)缺不(bu)全,底(di)端可見柱(zhu)礎(chu)。內(nei)(nei)城(cheng)西(xi)(xi)北處有(you)(you)一(yi)座陵臺,用黃沙土夯筑,八角形(xing),底(di)面(mian)邊長(chang)12米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),高(gao)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)20米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),分(fen)成7級,從下至上逐(zhu)級收縮,原建(jian)(jian)筑底(di)部(bu)外有(you)(you)包磚(zhuan),其中幾層涂有(you)(you)紅(hong)泥(ni)。陡(dou)臺每層出槽,形(xing)狀看起(qi)來像是浮圖。陵臺在墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)(shi)后(hou)部(bu)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)10米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)處。該(gai)(gai)陵園(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)道(dao)(dao)(dao)呈(cheng)30度斜(xie)坡(po),水平長(chang)度49米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)道(dao)(dao)(dao)東西(xi)(xi)兩(liang)(liang)壁(bi)(bi)各有(you)(you)上下二列(lie)與墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)道(dao)(dao)(dao)相(xiang)平行(xing)的(de)(de)椽洞(dong),相(xiang)距2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),甬道(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)基道(dao)(dao)(dao)表面(mian)做有(you)(you)草(cao)拌泥(ni),但(dan)不(bu)甚光整,但(dan)多已(yi)剝蝕,并沒(mei)有(you)(you)繪(hui)制(zhi)壁(bi)(bi)畫。甬道(dao)(dao)(dao)門(men)前(qian)發現(xian)有(you)(you)散(san)亂的(de)(de)圓木和朽木板,可能是用于封閉甬道(dao)(dao)(dao)口(kou)的(de)(de)。南(nan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)兩(liang)(liang)壁(bi)(bi)繪(hui)有(you)(you)武士(shi)修番一(yi)幅,但(dan)大部(bu)分(fen)已(yi)遭破壞。武士(shi)像臉(lian)面(mian)朝甬道(dao)(dao)(dao)口(kou),南(nan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)門(men)以北直到墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)(shi)全部(bu)被盜坑破壞。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)(shi)地面(mian)距地表將近(jin)25米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)(shi)分(fen)主(zhu)室(shi)(shi)和左右(you)配(pei)室(shi)(shi),中室(shi)(shi)前(qian)寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)6.8米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),后(hou)寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)7.8米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),南(nan)北長(chang)5.6米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)壁(bi)(bi)和頂(ding)(ding)部(bu)已(yi)經被破壞,左右(you)配(pei)室(shi)(shi)寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),長(chang)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),過道(dao)(dao)(dao)為窿夸頂(ding)(ding),墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)(shi)下壁(bi)(bi)有(you)(you)護地板痕跡,空間(jian)較小(xiao)。中室(shi)(shi)充(chong)滿淤泥(ni)及回填盜坑時的(de)(de)大石(shi)塊和陵園(yuan)(yuan)地面(mian)建(jian)(jian)筑石(shi)雕,室(shi)(shi)內(nei)(nei)沒(mei)有(you)(you)發現(xian)葬具。該(gai)(gai)陵園(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)外神(shen)(shen)墻距離內(nei)(nei)神(shen)(shen)墻約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)15米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),其南(nan)端通(tong)到碑亭,以石(shi)塊壘(lei)成。此外陵園(yuan)(yuan)有(you)(you)4座角臺,總共4座,是兆域的(de)(de)標(biao)界,基部(bu)呈(cheng)方(fang)形(xing),邊長(chang)6米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),高(gao)7米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),周圍散(san)落著建(jian)(jian)筑材(cai)料。
壽陵
考古調查稱7號陵(ling)(ling)(ling)。七號陵(ling)(ling)(ling)在陵(ling)(ling)(ling)區北(bei)部(bu),距(ju)離五號陵(ling)(ling)(ling)約(yue)1.5公(gong)里,在柏油(you)馬路以(yi)南約(yue)200米。陵(ling)(ling)(ling)園大部(bu)分為現(xian)代(dai)住房和場院侵占(zhan),破壞嚴重,陵(ling)(ling)(ling)園建筑僅剩下雙闕臺(tai)、雙碑亭、月城(cheng)、內(nei)城(cheng)的南神(shen)墻(qiang)和西神(shen)墻(qiang)、陵(ling)(ling)(ling)臺(tai)及西南角(jiao)臺(tai)、外神(shen)墻(qiang)的一部(bu)分。
位于陵(ling)園南(nan)端(duan)有(you)2座闕(que)臺遺(yi)址,東西(xi)(xi)相對,距離70米(mi)(mi)(mi)形(xing)、雙(shuang)闕(que)周(zhou)圍皆(jie)已(yi)坍塌,邊長(chang)(chang)(chang)難以測量,高(gao)約7米(mi)(mi)(mi),平頂處(chu)攀(pan)上(shang)頂部(bu),煙臺周(zhou)圍散見(jian)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)瓦建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)材料。位于雙(shuang)闕(que)臺以北(bei)(bei)(bei)約50米(mi)(mi)(mi),月(yue)(yue)城(cheng)(cheng)以南(nan)50米(mi)(mi)(mi)的位置有(you)2處(chu)碑(bei)亭(ting)遺(yi)址,皆(jie)已(yi)經過清理(li)(li),高(gao)2米(mi)(mi)(mi),臺基呈正方(fang)形(xing),邊長(chang)(chang)(chang)10米(mi)(mi)(mi),周(zhou)圍殘(can)(can)(can)存(cun)大量磚(zhuan)(zhuan)、瓦、石碑(bei)殘(can)(can)(can)塊,在(zai)清理(li)(li)后發現西(xi)(xi)夏文殘(can)(can)(can)塊1265塊,漢文碑(bei)殘(can)(can)(can)塊51塊。月(yue)(yue)城(cheng)(cheng)位于碑(bei)亭(ting)北(bei)(bei)(bei)側,呈東西(xi)(xi)長(chang)(chang)(chang)方(fang)形(xing),東西(xi)(xi)長(chang)(chang)(chang)125米(mi)(mi)(mi),南(nan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)寬(kuan)45米(mi)(mi)(mi),月(yue)(yue)城(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)全部(bu)被(bei)破(po)壞,依(yi)稀(xi)可辯神(shen)(shen)(shen)道(dao)兩側各(ge)有(you)2列石像生基址,相距20米(mi)(mi)(mi)。內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)位于月(yue)(yue)城(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)(bei)(bei)側,近(jin)似方(fang)形(xing),東西(xi)(xi)長(chang)(chang)(chang)190米(mi)(mi)(mi),南(nan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)寬(kuan)180米(mi)(mi)(mi),內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)除南(nan)神(shen)(shen)(shen)墻(qiang)、西(xi)(xi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)墻(qiang)殘(can)(can)(can)存(cun)一(yi)部(bu)分外,其余基本都被(bei)破(po)壞,墻(qiang)寬(kuan)3米(mi)(mi)(mi),黃土夯(hang)筑(zhu)(zhu)而成,夯(hang)層厚度(du)為10-12厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)不(bu)等(deng)。獻(xian)殿和墓道(dao)封(feng)土皆(jie)己不(bu)存(cun)在(zai),地面已(yi)經成為一(yi)片場地。位于內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)偏西(xi)(xi)處(chu)有(you)一(yi)座陵(ling)臺,八角(jiao)形(xing),分作(zuo)7級,從(cong)下至上(shang)逐級收縮,出檐結構明顯。陵(ling)臺周(zhou)圍在(zai)二(er)十世紀九十年(nian)代(dai)時(shi)被(bei)改建(jian)為場地和庫房。從(cong)陵(ling)園西(xi)(xi)南(nan)部(bu)殘(can)(can)(can)存(cun)有(you)部(bu)分外神(shen)(shen)(shen)墻(qiang),從(cong)其走向看(kan)(kan)大致為封(feng)閉式(shi)。殘(can)(can)(can)存(cun)的外神(shen)(shen)(shen)墻(qiang)寬(kuan)約1.8米(mi)(mi)(mi),黃土夯(hang)筑(zhu)(zhu),但因破(po)壞嚴重,總寬(kuan)度(du)和長(chang)(chang)(chang)度(du)皆(jie)不(bu)已(yi)經無法(fa)看(kan)(kan)出,內(nei)外神(shen)(shen)(shen)墻(qiang)相距22米(mi)(mi)(mi)。在(zai)陵(ling)園的西(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)角(jiao),緊(jin)挨外神(shen)(shen)(shen)墻(qiang)邊側有(you)一(yi)處(chu)已(yi)經坍塌的角(jiao)臺,該(gai)角(jiao)臺的位置在(zai)月(yue)(yue)城(cheng)(cheng)中部(bu)連線的延長(chang)(chang)(chang)線上(shang),由黃土夯(hang)筑(zhu)(zhu)而成。
在(zai)清理(li)東(dong)、西碑(bei)亭時,共發現西夏文碑(bei)殘(can)(can)塊(kuai)1265塊(kuai)。其(qi)中部分殘(can)(can)塊(kuai)經(jing)過整理(li),其(qi)上的西夏文可譯為:“大白高國護城圣(sheng)德至繳皇帝壽陵志銘(ming)”,史籍記載壽陵為西夏第五代皇帝仁(ren)宗仁(ren)孝之陵號,可以確(que)定該陵為壽陵。
莊陵
考(kao)古(gu)調查稱8號(hao)陵(ling)(ling)(ling),墓(mu)主(zhu)李純祐(1177年~1206年)為仁宗(zong)仁孝長子。八(ba)號(hao)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)位于陵(ling)(ling)(ling)區北(bei)部(bu),僅(jin)存1座(zuo)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)臺。在(zai)(zai)九(jiu)號(hao)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)場塌裂(lie)的(de)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)臺之西約300米,在(zai)(zai)七號(hao)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)臺西北(bei)約300米,陵(ling)(ling)(ling)園(yuan)其它(ta)建筑已經全(quan)部(bu)被(bei)破(po)壞,二十世紀九(jiu)十年代初(chu),陵(ling)(ling)(ling)園(yuan)被(bei)現代住房(fang)、道路、廣場侵占,當時(shi)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)臺就在(zai)(zai)一排住房(fang)之后的(de)一片樹林中、陵(ling)(ling)(ling)臺頂部(bu)修有水(shui)塔(ta)(ta),水(shui)塔(ta)(ta)后被(bei)拆(chai)除。
康陵
考(kao)古調查稱(cheng)9號(hao)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)。九號(hao)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)在陵(ling)(ling)(ling)邑宗廟遺址以(yi)西約(yue)500米,七號(hao)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)以(yi)北約(yue)300米,陵(ling)(ling)(ling)園遭到現代建筑(zhu)的徹底毀壞,地面建筑(zhu)僅剩一座毀壞的陵(ling)(ling)(ling)臺(tai),夯土僅剩三分之一。
康陵墓主李安(an)全(quan)(quan),為(wei)仁(ren)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)仁(ren)孝弟越(yue)王(wang)(wang)仁(ren)友之子(zi),崇宗(zong)(zong)(zong)乾(qian)順之孫。西夏桓宗(zong)(zong)(zong)天慶(qing)十二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1205年(nian)(nian)(nian)),與桓宗(zong)(zong)(zong)母羅(luo)氏合謀廢桓宗(zong)(zong)(zong)自(zi)立,改元應天。六月,羅(luo)氏為(wei)子(zi)請封(feng)冊于金,金冊封(feng)為(wei)夏國王(wang)(wang)。蒙(meng)古多(duo)次用(yong)兵西夏,并(bing)破克夷門,進(jin)圍中興(xing)府。李安(an)全(quan)(quan)親(qin)自(zi)登城激勵將士守御。蒙(meng)古兵引黃河水灌城,城中居民(min)淹死極多(duo)。李安(an)全(quan)(quan)遣使乞援于金,金拒絕出(chu)兵。李安(an)全(quan)(quan)只得向蒙(meng)古納女請和,夏金關系趨(qu)于破裂(lie)。西夏光定元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1211年(nian)(nian)(nian))夏齊王(wang)(wang)遵環廢安(an)全(quan)(quan)自(zi)立。同(tong)年(nian)(nian)(nian)8月安(an)全(quan)(quan)死,年(nian)(nian)(nian)42歲,謚靜穆皇(huang)帝,廟(miao)號襄(xiang)宗(zong)(zong)(zong),墓號康陵。
交通
1.市區可以先乘2路、4路、18路公(gong)交車(che)(che)到新(xin)市區,然后包車(che)(che)前去。包車(che)(che)價格為面(mian)的30元(yuan)。銀川旅游汽車(che)(che)站(北門汽車(che)(che)站)每天(tian)有車(che)(che)發(fa)往西(xi)夏王陵(冬季、夏季無班車(che)(che)),發(fa)車(che)(che)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)為8:30、9:30,返回時(shi)間(jian)(jian)為13:30、15:30,票價9元(yuan)/人,行(xing)程約(yue)70分(fen)鐘。
2.銀川市區南門(men)汽車(che)站、北門(men)旅(lv)(lv)游汽車(che)站及南關清真寺均有發往西(xi)夏王陵的旅(lv)(lv)游班車(che),票價8元左右,但間隔較(jiao)長(chang),視客流而定(ding),在1至2小時之間。
3.自駕車較為方便,由市區內北京路向(xiang)西到頭,丁字路口向(xiang)南拐上110國道,直行10公里路西即到,景(jing)區設有面積很大(da)的停車場。