地理位置
弦歌臺位于河南省淮陽區城西南隅水靜如(ru)練(lian)的南壇(tan)湖(hu)中,這里紅連映日,碧荷(he)接天,風景(jing)優美,景(jing)色宜人。
孔子與弦歌臺
圣人菜
東周時期,孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)曾三次來(lai)陳國講學(xue),最后一(yi)次是(shi)公元前489年(nian),楚昭王派(pai)人(ren)請孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)講學(xue),但(dan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)講的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)道(dao)理是(shi)讓統治者(zhe)如何(he)治國的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),讓統治者(zhe)如何(he)如何(he)管理百(bai)(bai)(bai)姓的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),陳國的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)老(lao)(lao)百(bai)(bai)(bai)姓不愿意了(le),沒(mei)等孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)到楚國見到楚昭王,老(lao)(lao)百(bai)(bai)(bai)姓就把孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)和他(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)弟(di)(di)子(zi)(zi)們(men)(men)圍(wei)困在南(nan)壇(tan)湖的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個小島上(shang)(shang),不給(gei)他(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)吃,不給(gei)他(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)喝,孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)和弟(di)(di)子(zi)(zi)們(men)(men)餓得頭暈眼花。沒(mei)辦(ban)法,孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)和弟(di)(di)子(zi)(zi)們(men)(men)分頭到湖邊找(zhao)吃的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。魚是(shi)捉不到的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)看湖里生(sheng)長一(yi)種現在叫(jiao)蒲(pu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)植物,就拔(ba)出來(lai),上(shang)(shang)邊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)綠(lv)莖不能吃,而(er)下(xia)邊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蒲(pu)根(gen)細膩白嫩(nen),脆甜可(ke)口,孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)就和弟(di)(di)子(zi)(zi)們(men)(men)吃蒲(pu)根(gen),一(yi)連(lian)七日(ri),孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)和弟(di)(di)子(zi)(zi)們(men)(men)就靠(kao)蒲(pu)根(gen)生(sheng)活下(xia)來(lai)。現在,這(zhe)種蒲(pu)根(gen)叫(jiao)“圣(sheng)人(ren)菜”,涼(liang)拌、紅燒(shao)味道(dao)都很美,成了(le)陳州城各大(da)餐館(guan)里一(yi)道(dao)特(te)色菜,有(you)客人(ren)從遠方來(lai),這(zhe)道(dao)菜是(shi)必(bi)不可(ke)少的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。陳國的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)老(lao)(lao)百(bai)(bai)(bai)姓看到孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)七日(ri)不曾餓死,還整日(ri)給(gei)弟(di)(di)子(zi)(zi)們(men)(men)誦史講學(xue),便尊稱(cheng)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)為真“圣(sheng)人(ren)”。后來(lai),陳國人(ren)就在孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)被(bei)圍(wei)困的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)島上(shang)(shang)建了(le)一(yi)座圣(sheng)人(ren)廟,學(xue)名叫(jiao)“弦歌(ge)臺(tai)(tai)”,弦歌(ge)臺(tai)(tai)正殿兩邊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)石柱上(shang)(shang),鐫刻著(zhu)對聯一(yi)副,為“堂上(shang)(shang)弦歌(ge)七日(ri)不能容大(da)道(dao),庭前俎豆千年(nian)猶自仰(yang)高(gao)山”,以紀(ji)念這(zhe)位老(lao)(lao)夫子(zi)(zi)三次來(lai)陳講學(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)佳(jia)話。
弩臺
弦(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)歌(ge)臺(tai)(tai),又稱(cheng)(cheng)厄(e)臺(tai)(tai)、絕糧(liang)(liang)祠,位于縣(xian)城西南隅的(de)(de)南壇(tan)湖(hu)中,臺(tai)(tai)上現(xian)存建筑有二(er)(er)門(men)(men)(men)(men),正(zheng)殿(dian)七(qi)(qi)間(jian)。正(zheng)殿(dian)是主體建筑,飛檐斗拱,上蓋綠(lv)色琉(liu)璃(li)瓦(wa)。周有青石(shi)方柱(zhu)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)根(gen)。正(zheng)門(men)(men)(men)(men)石(shi)柱(zhu)上鐫刻的(de)(de)對聯是“堂上弦(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)歌(ge)七(qi)(qi)日不能容大(da)道;庭前俎(zu)豆千年猶自仰(yang)高山。”前門(men)(men)(men)(men)上有清(qing)(qing)康熙五十(shi)(shi)(shi)年(公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)1711年)立的(de)(de)石(shi)匾,上書“弦(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)歌(ge)臺(tai)(tai)”三個(ge)大(da)字。弦(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)歌(ge)臺(tai)(tai),原名“弩(nu)臺(tai)(tai)”,《元(yuan)(yuan)和(he)志》說:“后漢陳王寵善射(she),嘗(chang)于此教(jiao)弩(nu)”所(suo)以(yi)(yi)得名。漢靈帝時,爆發了黃巾起義,革命(ming)軍浩(hao)(hao)浩(hao)(hao)蕩(dang)蕩(dang),所(suo)向披靡,各郡(jun)縣(xian)守(shou)兵望風而(er)逃。惟獨陳王劉寵占據陳城四(si)面(mian)環水的(de)(de)地(di)利,四(si)面(mian)吊橋高懸,自帶強弩(nu)手(shou)數(shu)千固守(shou)此臺(tai)(tai),義軍久攻(gong)不下,終于扼(e)住(zhu)了黃巾軍,所(suo)以(yi)(yi)又稱(cheng)(cheng)“扼(e)臺(tai)(tai)”。到(dao)了唐開元(yuan)(yuan)年間(jian),孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)廟遷到(dao)這里。明憲宗成代(dai)六年,知州倪誥(gao)重(zhong)建孔(kong)廟并塑(su)孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)和(he)十(shi)(shi)(shi)賢像。明世(shi)宗嘉靖(jing)七(qi)(qi)年(公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)1528年),巡按御史(shi)譚纘(zuan)增拓正(zheng)殿(dian)七(qi)(qi)間(jian),門(men)(men)(men)(men)二(er)(er)座,題曰(yue)“絕糧(liang)(liang)祠”。二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)年(公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)1542年)巡按御史(shi)趙(zhao)繼本改(gai)名為(wei)“弦(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)歌(ge)臺(tai)(tai)”。明神(shen)宗萬歷(li)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)九年(公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)1601年),睢(sui)陳道徐即登增建大(da)門(men)(men)(men)(men),曰(yue)“美富之(zhi)門(men)(men)(men)(men)”。清(qing)(qing)康熙二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)年(公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)1628年),知州蕭(xiao)國弼重(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu)殿(dian)內(nei)塑(su)像,五十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)年(公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)1713年),都御史(shi)揆敘重(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu)大(da)殿(dian)七(qi)(qi)楹(ying),改(gai)為(wei)方形石(shi)柱(zhu),上復(fu)綠(lv)琉(liu)璃(li)瓦(wa),重(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu)孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)及十(shi)(shi)(shi)賢像。乾(qian)隆、嘉慶、咸(xian)豐年間(jian)又多次修(xiu)(xiu)葺,現(xian)存的(de)(de)建筑是清(qing)(qing)乾(qian)隆四(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)年重(zhong)建的(de)(de),由(you)于諸多的(de)(de)歷(li)史(shi)原因(yin),這座被(bei)歷(li)史(shi)文人墨客稱(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)為(wei)陳州“八(ba)景”之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)弦(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)歌(ge)臺(tai)(tai),已失去(qu)了昔(xi)日的(de)(de)輝煌(huang),顯得破舊。1955年底,在縣(xian)委、政府的(de)(de)重(zhong)視下,弦(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)歌(ge)臺(tai)(tai)得以(yi)(yi)整修(xiu)(xiu),修(xiu)(xiu)繕了一(yi)(yi)(yi)進院(yuan)落圍墻和(he)正(zheng)門(men)(men)(men)(men),重(zhong)塑(su)了孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)像,使弦(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)歌(ge)臺(tai)(tai)正(zheng)門(men)(men)(men)(men)量現(xian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)派(pai)巍峨氣勢。殿(dian)內(nei),一(yi)(yi)(yi)尊身高三米(mi),面(mian)目慈祥,服飾飄逸(yi)的(de)(de)孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)像,端(duan)坐在一(yi)(yi)(yi)米(mi)五高的(de)(de)石(shi)雕像基上。《史(shi)記(ji)·孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)世(shi)家》、《韓詩外傳》、《孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)家語》、《孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)集注》、《搜神(shen)記(ji)》等(deng)書都有關于孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)在陳絕糧(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)記(ji)載。孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)在陳三年,還做(zuo)過陳國的(de)(de)官。
厄臺碑
一代儒師、教(jiao)育家(jia)(jia)(jia)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子,其杰出的(de)(de)思想集中(zhong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)這(zhe)些著作(zuo)中(zhong),不(bu)僅對中(zhong)國(guo)(guo),乃至(zhi)世界都產生了巨大(da)的(de)(de)影(ying)響。歷(li)(li)史文(wen)人(ren)(ren)(ren)都對他(ta)推崇備至(zhi),甚至(zhi)連孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子游說(shuo)于(yu)(yu)陳(chen)(chen)蔡,在(zai)(zai)(zai)陳(chen)(chen)蔡絕糧這(zhe)件不(bu)大(da)光彩的(de)(de)歷(li)(li)史,也(ye)被(bei)儒家(jia)(jia)(jia)贊為孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子偉績,一代文(wen)學家(jia)(jia)(jia)王禹(yu)(yu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)陳(chen)(chen)州《厄(e)(e)臺碑》中(zhong),把孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子厄(e)(e)于(yu)(yu)陳(chen)(chen)蔡與(yu)“天地(di)厄(e)(e)于(yu)(yu)晦月(yue),日(ri)月(yue)厄(e)(e)于(yu)(yu)薄蝕,帝舜(shun)厄(e)(e)于(yu)(yu)歷(li)(li)山,大(da)禹(yu)(yu)厄(e)(e)于(yu)(yu)洪水,成(cheng)(cheng)湯厄(e)(e)于(yu)(yu)夏臺,文(wen)王厄(e)(e)于(yu)(yu)里”相提并論。“唐八(ba)大(da)家(jia)(jia)(jia)”之一的(de)(de)曾(ceng)鞏也(ye)吹(chui)捧孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子陳(chen)(chen)蔡絕糧是“圣(sheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)齊日(ri)月(yue)之時(shi),不(bu)能違日(ri)月(yue)之道”。淮(huai)陽(yang)是孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子教(jiao)澤所及之地(di),他(ta)的(de)(de)七十二個(ge)得意弟(di)子中(zhong),淮(huai)陽(yang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)就占(zhan)4個(ge),加(jia)之孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子在(zai)(zai)(zai)陳(chen)(chen)絕糧,數(shu)千年(nian)來,世人(ren)(ren)(ren)共知。所以(yi)歷(li)(li)代陳(chen)(chen)人(ren)(ren)(ren)建祠紀念,教(jiao)化后(hou)(hou)人(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)忘(wang)儒家(jia)(jia)(jia)老祖宗的(de)(de)困苦(ku)與(yu)艱(jian)辛。一九(jiu)九(jiu)六年(nian)五月(yue)一日(ri),香港企業家(jia)(jia)(jia),香港孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)教(jiao)學院(yuan)院(yuan)長湯恩佳先后(hou)(hou)為河南這(zhe)座唯一孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)廟捐贈(zeng)的(de)(de)三米孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子銅像在(zai)(zai)(zai)陳(chen)(chen)州落成(cheng)(cheng)揭(jie)幕(mu);臺內主要建筑(zhu)大(da)成(cheng)(cheng)殿已修葺(qi)一新。目前,國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)旅游局將這(zhe)座名勝列入“孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子周游列國(guo)(guo)”國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)旅游專線必至(zhi)景點,弦歌臺這(zhe)座歷(li)(li)史名勝,不(bu)久將成(cheng)(cheng)為人(ren)(ren)(ren)們尋古探(tan)幽的(de)(de)勝地(di)之一。
保護
1962年(nian)4月(yue)被(bei)淮陽區人民委員(yuan)會公(gong)(gong)布為第一批重點文物(wu)(wu)保護(hu)單位(wei),2006年(nian)7月(yue)被(bei)河南省人民政府公(gong)(gong)布為重點文物(wu)(wu)保護(hu)單位(wei)。