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陜西石頭河水庫

攔河壩

河床(chuang)段采用粘土心墻砂卵(luan)石(shi)壩(ba)殼(ke)的土石(shi)混合(he)壩(ba)，兩岸階(jie)地逐漸擴大心墻過渡為均質土壩(ba)。壩(ba)頂寬(kuan)10m，壩(ba)頂長約590m，體(ti)積835萬(wan)立方米。

溢洪建筑物

溢洪(hong)道(dao)布置在右(you)岸，基(ji)巖為(wei)綠泥石云母石英(ying)片巖。進口(kou)采(cai)用(yong)實用(yong)堰(yan)，共3孔，設(she)11.5m×17m弧(hu)形閘門。堰(yan)后接陡坡泄槽(cao)，采(cai)用(yong)挑流(liu)消能，最(zui)大泄量(liang)為(wei)7150立方米/秒(miao)。泄洪(hong)隧洞(dong)布置于左岸，由(you)導流(liu)隧洞(dong)7.2m×8.36m改建而成，用(yong)以(yi)泄洪(hong)兼放(fang)空水(shui)(shui)庫；首部設(she)進水(shui)(shui)塔，隧洞(dong)斷(duan)面為(wei)圓拱直墻式(shi)，洞(dong)內(nei)為(wei)明流(liu)，最(zui)大泄量(liang)859立方米/秒(miao)。在反(fan)弧(hu)段起點(dian)上(shang)游9.3m和反(fan)弧(hu)段下游2.2m處在底板上(shang)設(she)有兩道(dao)通氣槽(cao)，斷(duan)面尺(chi)寸為(wei)0.8m×0.8m，挑坎高15cm，坡度(du)1∶10。

引水建筑物

引(yin)水(shui)隧洞布置在(zai)(zai)左岸(an)，圍巖全為綠泥石云(yun)母石英(ying)片巖，為圓形有(you)壓隧洞，直(zhi)徑4m，下游接(jie)直(zhi)徑2.5m的灌(guan)(guan)溉(gai)支(zhi)洞(支(zhi)洞出口設有(you)2m×2m的弧形閘門控制，門后(hou)有(you)突跌35cm的摻氣槽，下接(jie)消力池和灌(guan)(guan)溉(gai)總干渠)和一條(tiao)直(zhi)徑2m的壓力鋼管引(yin)水(shui)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。水(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站布置在(zai)(zai)右岸(an)，為地面(mian)廠房，安裝3臺容量(liang)為1.65萬(wan)kW的水(shui)輪(lun)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機組，年發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)5070萬(wan)kW·h，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站尾水(shui)引(yin)入(ru)灌(guan)(guan)溉(gai)總干渠。灌(guan)(guan)溉(gai)和發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)總引(yin)水(shui)量(liang)不少于(yu)70立方(fang)米/秒(miao)。

工程(cheng)主要工程(cheng)石(shi)頭河水庫土(tu)石(shi)方(fang)開挖(wa)621萬(wan)立(li)(li)方(fang)米，填(tian)筑835萬(wan)立(li)(li)方(fang)米，混凝土(tu)36萬(wan)立(li)(li)方(fang)米。大(da)壩填(tian)筑工期(qi)5.5年，最(zui)高強(qiang)度202萬(wan)立(li)(li)方(fang)米。

壩基防滲處理

在河(he)床(chuang)砂卵石層較(jiao)淺處明(ming)挖(wa)(wa)至基巖(yan)，回填粘土(tu)，形成截水槽(cao)，在槽(cao)內回填粘土(tu)前澆(jiao)(jiao)筑一(yi)(yi)道混凝土(tu)齒(chi)槽(cao)。在左、右(you)側河(he)槽(cao)部位，明(ming)挖(wa)(wa)到一(yi)(yi)定(ding)深度后，再用人工(gong)支撐開挖(wa)(wa)窄槽(cao)至基巖(yan)，澆(jiao)(jiao)筑混凝土(tu)防(fang)滲(shen)墻(qiang)。右(you)岸階地設有倒掛井分(fen)層開挖(wa)(wa)形成的深59m的混凝土(tu)連續(xu)墻(qiang)。

風景介紹

石頭(tou)河以(yi)石為(wei)美，山石如天斧(fu)神功雕砌一般，突兀林立，溪水(shui)在山石之中或一瀉(xie)千里，奔騰(teng)咆哮；或溫柔恬靜，波(bo)瀾不驚。山水(shui)互輝互映相得益彰(zhang)，應驗了古(gu)人(ren)“山因水(shui)而活，水(shui)得山而媚(mei)’的佳句！”

石頭河治理

頭(tou)河(he)南出斜峪關,北流15公里,流經落星、安(an)樂、五丈(zhang)原三(san)個鄉鎮,匯入(ru)渭(wei)河(he)。河(he)床(chuang)平均寬度300米。歷史(shi)上河(he)水湍急,河(he)床(chuang)寬淺,河(he)灘(tan)密布,頂沖嚴重,改造頻繁(fan),遇洪決堤毀壩,淹沒農田,沖毀村莊,對兩岸人民生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)活威脅很大。

建國后,50年(nian)(nian)代對老(lao)河岸(an)進(jin)行整修加固(gu),1963～1966年(nian)(nian),全(quan)面開展河道治理,東西兩岸(an)修筑堤防13.5公(gong)里。斜(xie)峪關口至鄭(zheng)家磨(mo)河道長2.7公(gong)里,河道順直、較深(shen)、彎道節(jie)點(dian)穩定。鄭(zheng)家磨(mo)至西寶公(gong)路大(da)橋,河道長9.6公(gong)里,屬彎曲型(xing)淤(yu)蕩性河型(xing),河床不時變遷,河道拓寬(kuan)至1000米,仍威脅村(cun)莊(zhuang)農田安(an)全(quan)。大(da)橋至入渭處,河槽基本穩定。石(shi)頭河出山口的落星,因河道主(zhu)流(liu)不穩定,洪水沖開七道河岔,從1963年(nian)(nian)開始,年(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)治理,修建堤防5000米,穩定了河道主(zhu)流(liu),治理灘地(di)400畝。

1973年(nian),在農業(ye)學大(da)寨運動(dong)中,縣委提出“治(zhi)河造(zao)田為(wei)人(ren)民”的(de)口(kou)號,制(zhi)定(ding)了石頭(tou)(tou)(tou)河治(zhi)理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)規劃方案,決定(ding)“以(yi)四(si)年(nian)時間對石頭(tou)(tou)(tou)河自(zi)斜峪關至入渭處15公(gong)里(li)川(chuan)道河段進行一(yi)次(ci)全線大(da)浚治(zhi),截彎取直,順(shun)直河流,束窄河身,穩(wen)定(ding)河槽(cao),使(shi)河道向渠槽(cao)化發(fa)展。”治(zhi)河工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)于1973年(nian)12月(yue)15日開(kai)工(gong)(gong)(gong),由落星(xing)、曹家(jia)、安樂、五丈原4個(ge)公(gong)社(she)組(zu)織(zhi)民工(gong)(gong)(gong)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)。1975年(nian)3月(yue),為(wei)加(jia)快工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)進度又(you)從馬(ma)江、麥(mai)禾營(ying)、棗林、城(cheng)關、孝子(zi)陵、大(da)營(ying)、北郭、益店、故郡、青化、蒲村、祝家(jia)莊、京當13個(ge)社(she)鎮,抽(chou)調2000名勞(lao)力緊急支援。日上勞(lao)4000～5000人(ren),最多達到(dao)7000人(ren)。至同(tong)年(nian)6月(yue)底(di),國家(jia)投資83.19萬(wan)元(yuan),完(wan)成投資82萬(wan)元(yuan),修筑成東堤(di)頂(ding)(ding)寬4米,西堤(di)頂(ding)(ding)寬7米的(de)干(gan)堆石漿砌(qi)護面堤(di)壩22公(gong)里(li)。臨水(shui)(shui)(shui)坡為(wei)1:1.25,背水(shui)(shui)(shui)坡為(wei)1:1。護堤(di)丁壩52座(zuo),中心河床初(chu)步疏(shu)通。共移動(dong)土方145萬(wan)立(li)方米,完(wan)成主體(ti)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)80%。同(tong)年(nian)7月(yue)8日,石頭(tou)(tou)(tou)河驟發(fa)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui),洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)峰流量達700立(li)方米/秒,沖(chong)毀已成堤(di)壩58處,4.519公(gong)里(li),毀齒墻斜坡1.52公(gong)里(li),沖(chong)毀丁壩49座(zuo),已疏(shu)通的(de)中心河床基本淤平,損失材(cai)料(liao)費(fei)僅水(shui)(shui)(shui)泥一(yi)項計14萬(wan)多元(yuan),受災莊稼3700畝,沖(chong)毀房屋21間。多年(nian)費(fei)工(gong)(gong)(gong),毀于一(yi)旦。洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)過后(hou),縣委對此次(ci)治(zhi)河進行了專(zhuan)題(ti)研究(jiu),確定(ding)以(yi)防為(wei)主,重(zhong)點浚治(zhi),停止統一(yi)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong),由社(she)鎮分(fen)段治(zhi)理(li)。在強(qiang)家(jia)寺段破(po)堤(di)分(fen)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong),分(fen)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)口(kou)以(yi)下,新(xin)老河槽(cao)同(tong)時行洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong),新(xin)河槽(cao)行洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)三分(fen)之一(yi),老河槽(cao)行洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)三分(fen)之二。隨(sui)著已成工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)整(zheng)理(li)、加(jia)固、修復和(he)陜西省(sheng)斜峪關石頭(tou)(tou)(tou)河水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫的(de)建(jian)成,河水(shui)(shui)(shui)得到(dao)控制(zhi)。

1987年,縣(xian)水電工作(zuo)隊設(she)計并指(zhi)導(dao)施(shi)工,建成(cheng)石頭河空塔寺索(suo)橋。