大殿(dian)始建(jian)于宋慶歷四年(nian)(1044),政和二年(nian)(1112),紹興九(jiu)年(nian)(1139)復回原址,明(ming)成(cheng)化十八年(nian)(1482)重建(jian),幾經廢興。漳州(zhou)府學(xue)亦設(she)于此(ci)。現(xian)建(jian)筑由儀門(men)、大成(cheng)門(men)、兩廡、丹(dan)墀、祭(ji)臺、大成(cheng)殿(dian)等組成(cheng),占地面積2600多平方米。朱熹(xi)知漳州(zhou),曾(ceng)(ceng)每旬之二日必領官(guan)屬至此(ci)“視(shi)諸生講(jiang)小(xiao)學(xue)為正(zheng)義(yi)”。鄭成(cheng)功、黃道(dao)周等都(dou)曾(ceng)(ceng)到此(ci)祭(ji)祀孔子。
主(zhu)體建筑(zhu)大(da)成殿(dian),為(wei)明代建筑(zhu),坐北(bei)朝南(nan),面闊五間(jian)(23.2米),進深六間(jian)(23.7米),重(zhong)檐(yan)(yan)(yan)歇山頂。花(hua)崗(gang)巖大(da)石柱支撐著(zhu)抬梁式(shi)木(mu)構架(jia)(jia),下檐(yan)(yan)(yan)梁架(jia)(jia)皆為(wei)插入(ru)金(jin)柱的三(san)步梁架(jia)(jia),硬(ying)挑單挑出檐(yan)(yan)(yan)。金(jin)柱柱徑達0.8米。上(shang)檐(yan)(yan)(yan)在額枋之(zhi)上(shang)施(shi)彎拱(gong)疊枋偷(tou)心式(shi)斗(dou)拱(gong)一圈,除柱頭(tou)及轉角外,補(bu)間(jian)斗(dou)拱(gong)施(shi)一至二朵,斗(dou)拱(gong)外檐(yan)(yan)(yan)出檐(yan)(yan)(yan)部(bu)分為(wei)七(qi)鋪(pu)作(zuo)單抄(chao)三(san)下昂單拱(gong)偷(tou)心,斗(dou)拱(gong)之(zhi)上(shang)設(she)井口天花(hua)。屋檐(yan)(yan)(yan)起(qi)翹顯著(zhu),兩山山尖升起(qi)較(jiao)高(gao),正脊彎起(qi),山花(hua)挑出山柱之(zhi)外,保(bao)留了早期閩南(nan)建筑(zhu)特征,具有許(xu)多宋元木(mu)構手法。殿(dian)前六根蟠(pan)龍檐(yan)(yan)(yan)柱,形象(xiang)生動(dong),雕工(gong)精(jing)美(mei),是閩南(nan)大(da)型殿(dian)堂建筑(zhu)的重(zhong)要實例。廟(miao)內尚存(cun)元延祐(you)、明洪武(wu)和正德、清(qing)康熙以及1924年和1936年立的重(zhong)修(xiu)碑碣。其中1924年的《重(zhong)修(xiu)漳州(zhou)學(xue)宮碑》為(wei)康有為(wei)晚年所(suo)撰并(bing)書,筆(bi)力雄健。
2001年漳州府文廟大成(cheng)殿作為明代的古建筑(zhu),被國務院列入第五(wu)批全國重點(dian)文物保護(hu)單位。