簡介
1905年(nian)(nian)(nian)(明治(zhi)(zhi)38年(nian)(nian)(nian))10月18日,日本政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)任陸軍(jun)大(da)將大(da)島義昌(chang)(日本語:おおしま よしまさ)為關(guan)(guan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)總(zong)督(du)(du)。10月31日,滿(man)(man)洲軍(jun)總(zong)司令部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)設關(guan)(guan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)總(zong)督(du)(du)府(fu)于遼陽(1906年(nian)(nian)(nian)5月遷至旅(lv)(lv)順(shun)),又恢復到侵(qin)華初期的軍(jun)管(guan)統(tong)治(zhi)(zhi),以(yi)軍(jun)事暴力(li)維護(hu)其(qi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)統(tong)治(zhi)(zhi)。原屬(shu)于滿(man)(man)洲軍(jun)總(zong)兵(bing)站監部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)的關(guan)(guan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)州(zhou)(zhou)民(min)(min)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)署(shu)和(he)原屬(shu)于滿(man)(man)洲軍(jun)總(zong)司令部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)遼東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)兵(bing)站監部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)的“關(guan)(guan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)州(zhou)(zhou)”以(yi)外的各地(di)民(min)(min)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)署(shu),全部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)移交關(guan)(guan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)總(zong)督(du)(du)府(fu)管(guan)轄(xia)。“關(guan)(guan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)州(zhou)(zhou)”及東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)長春以(yi)南鐵路附屬(shu)地(di)所有日本的軍(jun)事和(he)民(min)(min)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)要務,悉(xi)歸(gui)其(qi)掌(zhang)管(guan),是(shi)日本侵(qin)略者(zhe)在中國東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)的最(zui)高(gao)權力(li)機關(guan)(guan)。至1906年(nian)(nian)(nian)2月,關(guan)(guan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)總(zong)督(du)(du)府(fu)除統(tong)轄(xia)關(guan)(guan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)州(zhou)(zhou)民(min)(min)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)署(shu)外,尚統(tong)轄(xia)奉天(tian)、安(an)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、營(ying)口等8處(chu)軍(jun)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)署(shu)。關(guan)(guan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)州(zhou)(zhou)民(min)(min)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)署(shu)下轄(xia)大(da)連、金州(zhou)(zhou)、旅(lv)(lv)順(shun)3個民(min)(min)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)支署(shu)。
沿革
日俄戰爭(zheng)后,根據1905年(nian)9月(yue)(yue)雙(shuang)方簽訂的(de)(de)《樸次茅斯(si)條約》,作為戰敗國的(de)(de)俄國被迫(po)將(jiang)原來所占領的(de)(de)我國旅(lv)順口(kou)、大(da)連(lian)及(ji)附(fu)近水域及(ji)從長春到旅(lv)順口(kou)的(de)(de)鐵路權益(yi)轉讓(rang)給(gei)日本。日本為了(le)加強對(dui)新占領區的(de)(de)殖民統治,于1905年(nian)10月(yue)(yue)設置了(le)關東總督府,作為它侵(qin)吞(tun)東北,進而滅亡全中國的(de)(de)一個據點。
關東總(zong)督(du)府(fu)成立后,由于(yu)實行殘(can)酷的(de)(de)殖民(min)(min)統治激起東北人民(min)(min)的(de)(de)強烈(lie)反抗,英美等國為(wei)打破日本(ben)對(dui)南滿的(de)(de)“獨占”也借此責(ze)難(nan)日本(ben)。在這種情況(kuang)下,1906年9月1日,日本(ben)撤銷軍政(zheng),改(gai)(gai)用文官組(zu)織名稱,將關東總(zong)督(du)府(fu)改(gai)(gai)為(wei)關東都(dou)(dou)督(du)府(fu)(日本(ben)語:かんとうととくふ),以(yi)陸(lu)軍將官為(wei)都(dou)(dou)督(du),內設(she)陸(lu)軍、民(min)(min)政(zheng)兩部,民(min)(min)政(zheng)部統轄大連(lian)、金(jin)州、旅順3個民(min)(min)政(zheng)署(shu),都(dou)(dou)督(du)在軍事上要(yao)接(jie)受日本(ben)國陸(lu)軍大臣和參謀總(zong)長(chang)的(de)(de)指示。
日本殖民(min)(min)當(dang)局標榜這是(shi)軍(jun)(jun)政(zheng)時(shi)期的結束和民(min)(min)政(zheng)時(shi)期的開始。其實(shi)(shi),這只不過是(shi)日本為掩飾其在我國東北(bei)實(shi)(shi)行軍(jun)(jun)事獨裁的一種障(zhang)眼術。日本的殖民(min)(min)統治(zhi)逐漸擴展到政(zheng)治(zhi)侵略、經濟侵略、文化侵略等(deng)各個領域。