城(cheng)(cheng)川城(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)位于內蒙古自治區鄂托(tuo)克(ke)前旗城(cheng)(cheng)川蘇木東北。故城(cheng)(cheng)始建于唐(tang)開元(yuan)十一年(nian)(nian)(723年(nian)(nian)),為唐(tang)代(dai)宥(you)州城(cheng)(cheng),主(zhu)要安(an)置(zhi)附(fu)唐(tang)的突厥人。814年(nian)(nian)西夏復(fu)置(zhi)宥(you)州,領長澤、延恩二(er)縣。在(zai)1227年(nian)(nian)被(bei)毀。
城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)川城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址地(di)(di)處陜北黃土(tu)高(gao)(gao)(gao)原和(he)內蒙古(gu)東(dong)(dong)南部毛(mao)烏素沙(sha)地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)交接地(di)(di)帶(dai),地(di)(di)貌(mao)類型由(you)黃土(tu)丘陵(ling)向沙(sha)地(di)(di)轉變,屬于中(zhong)國北方(fang)生態過渡(du)帶(dai)的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)段。古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)地(di)(di)處東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)狹長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)草灘(tan)地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)心,草灘(tan)地(di)(di)四(si)周均為由(you)新月形沙(sha)丘鏈構(gou)成的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)望(wang)無際(ji)的(de)(de)(de)沙(sha)漠,草灘(tan)地(di)(di)地(di)(di)勢平坦,地(di)(di)下水位很高(gao)(gao)(gao)。古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)平面(mian)形制呈長(chang)方(fang)形,東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)長(chang)、南北窄,坐(zuo)北朝南。北墻(qiang)長(chang)724米(mi),南墻(qiang)長(chang)760米(mi),東(dong)(dong)墻(qiang)長(chang)600米(mi),西(xi)(xi)墻(qiang)長(chang)602米(mi),面(mian)積440000平方(fang)米(mi)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)由(you)灰(hui)白色沙(sha)土(tu)夯筑而(er)成,結(jie)構(gou)堅實緊密(mi)。東(dong)(dong)、南、西(xi)(xi)三(san)(san)面(mian)各(ge)開一(yi)門(men),三(san)(san)門(men)均設甕城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)護(hu)衛。墻(qiang)體保存較好,墻(qiang)上角(jiao)樓(lou)、甕城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、馬面(mian)歷歷可見,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣現存平均高(gao)(gao)(gao)度約(yue)8米(mi)。北面(mian)不設城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men),建有高(gao)(gao)(gao)大的(de)(de)(de)夯土(tu)臺基,為敵樓(lou)遺(yi)跡(ji)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)外四(si)周修有護(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)河(he),痕跡(ji)明(ming)顯,部分地(di)(di)帶(dai)至今仍可見積水。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內曾經一(yi)度被辟為耕地(di)(di),現已(yi)退耕還草。早年遍布陶、瓦殘片遺(yi)物。出土(tu)的(de)(de)(de)古(gu)代銅(tong)錢從西(xi)(xi)漢到(dao)(dao)西(xi)(xi)夏、金代均可見到(dao)(dao),唯以唐、宋的(de)(de)(de)錢幣數量(liang)多。
城(cheng)川古城(cheng)所(suo)在(zai)(zai)的位置(zhi)正是漢代古奢延澤(ze)所(suo)在(zai)(zai),鉆探結果表明城(cheng)址曾遭到焚(fen)毀。
2006年(nian)5月,被(bei)國(guo)務(wu)院分(fen)布為第六(liu)批全國(guo)文物保護單位。