芒果视频

主要介紹

靈安州遺址面積為408000平方米(mi)(mi)，在西城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)為正(zheng)中偏南(nan)(nan)處，有一高(gao)臺建(jian)筑址，南(nan)(nan)北長(chang)60米(mi)(mi)，東西寬(kuan)30米(mi)(mi)，高(gao)山城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內地表(biao)2米(mi)(mi)。夯土板筑城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)，基寬(kuan)20米(mi)(mi)，高(gao)處約10米(mi)(mi)。東北、南(nan)(nan)墻(qiang)各開一城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門，外(wai)加筑甕墻(qiang)外(wai)側有馬面。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內有十字形街道(dao)，建(jian)筑臺基。地表(biao)散布(bu)溝紋磚，布(bu)紋瓦、蓮(lian)花(hua)紋瓦當(dang)、獸面紋瓦當(dang)、白瓷片(pian)及遼、北寧的銅錢等物品(pin)。

靈(ling)(ling)安州(zhou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)處(chu)科爾(er)沁沙地(di)(di)與遼西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)山(shan)地(di)(di)過渡地(di)(di)帶,海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)300米(mi)(mi)(mi)左右(you)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)(zhi)周(zhou)圍群(qun)山(shan)起伏(fu),西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)2.5公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)為(wei)官山(shan),海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)626米(mi)(mi)(mi),山(shan)峰(feng)峻峭,巖石突兀,是(shi)青龍(long)(long)山(shan)群(qun)的(de)(de)組成(cheng)部分；城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)南(nan)2公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)為(wei)銀洞山(shan)，海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)482米(mi)(mi)(mi)。再(zai)向南(nan)、向西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)即是(shi)青龍(long)(long)山(shan)群(qun)，諸峰(feng)竟秀。山(shan)之北(bei)為(wei)科爾(er)沁沙地(di)(di)南(nan)緣(yuan)的(de)(de)黃(huang)土(tu)臺地(di)(di)，千(qian)壑(he)縱橫。這(zhe)里(li)(li)是(shi)遼河大(da)(da)支流(liu)柳河的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)源(yuan)(yuan)地(di)(di)區(qu)。柳河上(shang)源(yuan)(yuan)名新開(kai)(kai)河(又名扣(kou)根河)，扣(kou)根河上(shang)游的(de)(de)兩條(tiao)(tiao)支流(liu)就在城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東(dong)交匯。一(yi)(yi)(yi)條(tiao)(tiao)發(fa)(fa)源(yuan)(yuan)于古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)10公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)的(de)(de)黃(huang)土(tu)溝(gou)壑(he)之中(zhong),曲曲東(dong)南(nan)流(liu)來；另一(yi)(yi)(yi)條(tiao)(tiao),自(zi)山(shan)后(hou)發(fa)(fa)源(yuan)(yuan),裊(niao)繞(rao)如(ru)帶,經山(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi),轉山(shan)南(nan),向東(dong)流(liu)過,至一(yi)(yi)(yi)占城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東(dong)邊與北(bei)來支流(liu)匯合,古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)就座(zuo)落在這(zhe)片溝(gou)谷盆地(di)(di)之中(zhong)。這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)帶地(di)(di)勢(shi)比較開(kai)(kai)闊平(ping)坦,土(tu)質肥沃(wo),水草(cao)豐美,是(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)處(chu)宜(yi)農宜(yi)牧的(de)(de)地(di)(di)區(qu)。靈(ling)(ling)安州(zhou)東(dong)南(nan)6公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)酒局子村亦有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)座(zuo)遼代古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)(zhi),此城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)夯土(tu)板(ban)筑,呈長方形,南(nan)北(bei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)長500米(mi)(mi)(mi),東(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)寬30米(mi)(mi)(mi)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)(nei)中(zhong)部有(you)三(san)處(chu)建(jian)筑臺基。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)(nei)散布(bu)大(da)(da)量青磚與灰(hui)色布(bu)紋瓦。靈(ling)(ling)安州(zhou)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)5公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)奈曼旗(qi)白音昌鄉半拉城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)子村亦有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)座(zuo)遼代古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),規模略(lve)小于酒局子古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)(zhi)。靈(ling)(ling)安州(zhou)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)8公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)奈曼旗(qi)青龍(long)(long)山(shan)鎮斯布(bu)格圖村,為(wei)遼陳國公(gong)(gong)主與驗馬合葬墓，該墓建(jian)筑宏偉，是(shi)迄今保(bao)存完整、出(chu)土(tu)文物(wu)豐富(fu)的(de)(de)契丹大(da)(da)墓葬。

庫倫旗靈安(an)州城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)規模較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)(da), 城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)亦(yi)較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)大(da)(da)。由于城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)耕(geng)種(zhong), 南(nan)(nan)墻(qiang)(qiang)已被(bei)村落民(min)宅(zhai)占用(yong), 東(dong)(dong)墻(qiang)(qiang)破(po)(po)壞較(jiao)(jiao)重， 北(bei)(bei)(bei)墻(qiang)(qiang)也(ye)被(bei)風(feng)蝕和流(liu)水(shui)破(po)(po)壞,殘存(cun)的(de)幾座馬面和甕城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)保存(cun)尚好, 高(gao)者可(ke)(ke)達20米(mi)(mi)。唯西(xi)墻(qiang)(qiang)保存(cun)甚(shen)好, 但(dan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)的(de)高(gao)度也(ye)因西(xi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)外(wai)風(feng)沙(sha)淤積而失去了原來的(de)高(gao)度。因幾十年(nian)來, 城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)辟(pi)為(wei)耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di), 對(dui)地(di)(di)(di)貌破(po)(po)壞十分(fen)嚴重, 建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑基址(zhi)多已無法辨清, 較(jiao)(jiao)明顯的(de)是南(nan)(nan)門(men)與北(bei)(bei)(bei)門(men)相對(dui)有(you)(you)一條(tiao)直街(jie), 與東(dong)(dong)門(men)內(nei)的(de)一條(tiao)大(da)(da)街(jie)垂直, 形成城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)“ 十” 字形街(jie)道。東(dong)(dong)門(men)大(da)(da)街(jie)南(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)兩側有(you)(you)排列較(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)整(zheng)齊的(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑基址(zhi)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)靠西(xi)墻(qiang)(qiang)正中有(you)(you)一高(gao)臺建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑址(zhi), 南(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)長60米(mi)(mi),東(dong)(dong)西(xi)寬30米(mi)(mi), 高(gao)出地(di)(di)(di)面2米(mi)(mi)。這(zhe)一帶(dai)地(di)(di)(di)勢亦(yi)高(gao), 臺基上散布(bu)著許多綠釉瓦(wa)、溝滴、青磚、灰色布(bu)紋瓦(wa)等(deng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑構件。從(cong)地(di)(di)(di)表遺(yi)物分(fen)布(bu)的(de)規律看(kan), 其建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑物似為(wei)東(dong)(dong)向，并推斷此(ci)處(chu)為(wei)當(dang)年(nian)的(de)寺廟(miao)。在古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)西(xi)南(nan)(nan)隅和西(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)隅各(ge)有(you)(you)一片低洼地(di)(di)(di), 無任何(he)遺(yi)物和遺(yi)跡，推斷可(ke)(ke)能是當(dang)時(shi)的(de)湖泊。古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei), 中部(bu)以南(nan)(nan)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑較(jiao)(jiao)多, 磚瓦(wa)、石塊(kuai)及各(ge)種(zhong)陶(tao)片、瓷片遍地(di)(di)(di)皆是。

“當(dang)地(di)(di)人(ren)們傳說在新中(zhong)國解放以前, 在古(gu)城中(zhong)鋤地(di)(di), 每次都可(ke)拾(shi)到大量(liang)的銅(tong)錢(qian)。城內遺(yi)(yi)物相(xiang)當(dang)豐(feng)富, 青(qing)磚(zhuan)、灰(hui)瓦(wa)及其(qi)它建(jian)筑構件俯拾(shi)皆是, 器物殘片(pian)亦隨處可(ke)見, 只(zhi)因地(di)(di)表久為耕地(di)(di), 使(shi)地(di)(di)表遺(yi)(yi)物破壞十分嚴重。古(gu)城的西(xi)南(nan)隅和西(xi)北隅各有一片(pian)低洼地(di)(di)，無任何遺(yi)(yi)物和遺(yi)(yi)跡，推斷可(ke)能(neng)是當(dang)時的人(ren)工(gong)湖泊。”

古城(cheng)(cheng)內不(bu)但陸(lu)續出土了(le)蓮(lian)花瓦(wa)當(dang)、獸面瓦(wa)當(dang)、龍紋瓦(wa)當(dang)、方磚(zhuan)、條磚(zhuan)、筒(tong)瓦(wa)、板瓦(wa)、琉璃滴水等(deng)(deng)建筑(zhu)構件(jian)及龍爪、獸頭、鳳尾等(deng)(deng)陶飾件(jian)。還出土了(le)影青瓷(ci)碗、白瓷(ci)盤、定瓷(ci)盤、銅(tong)畫押印、銅(tong)雙魚(yu)佩飾、石(shi)臼、石(shi)佛等(deng)(deng)珍貴文(wen)(wen)物(wu)。特別是(shi)出土紫銅(tong)陽刻九疊篆(zhuan)文(wen)(wen)“靈(ling)安(an)州(zhou)刺史印”一方，為該(gai)城(cheng)(cheng)定名為“靈(ling)安(an)州(zhou)”提(ti)供了(le)詳實的(de)佐證。與古城(cheng)(cheng)遙相(xiang)呼應，相(xiang)映成輝的(de)是(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)西官山(shan)主(zhu)峰(feng)上的(de)寺廟(miao)址和三(san)個(ge)人工開鑿的(de)三(san)個(ge)石(shi)洞(dong)，即大喇嘛(ma)洞(dong)、二喇嘛(ma)洞(dong)和三(san)喇嘛(ma)洞(dong)。大喇嘛(ma)洞(dong)有“此洞(dong)曰云光洞(dong)”六字墨書(shu)題(ti)記(ji)(ji)，三(san)喇嘛(ma)洞(dong)內側石(shi)壁則題(ti)有詩句(ju)。根據(ju)山(shan)下遺(yi)址、山(shan)上遺(yi)跡所散布的(de)遺(yi)物(wu)與城(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)遺(yi)物(wu)相(xiang)同, 說明山(shan)上山(shan)下遺(yi)跡與古城(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)同時代(dai)(dai)(dai)的(de)建筑(zhu), 應是(shi)遼(liao)代(dai)(dai)(dai)建于(yu)州(zhou)城(cheng)(cheng)之外的(de)佛寺或道觀。而個(ge)洞(dong)壁題(ti)記(ji)(ji)應為遼(liao)亡(wang)寺廟(miao)廢(fei)棄之后的(de)閑散文(wen)(wen)人所為。從(cong)官山(shan)寺廟(miao)址和石(shi)窟址可以看出，該(gai)地區(qu)在遼(liao)代(dai)(dai)(dai)時期經濟和文(wen)(wen)化都(dou)相(xiang)當(dang)繁榮。從(cong)城(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)遺(yi)物(wu)和城(cheng)(cheng)外遺(yi)跡推(tui)斷(duan)，此城(cheng)(cheng)建于(yu)遼(liao)代(dai)(dai)(dai)，金(jin)元沿用(yong)。

重要意義

靈(ling)安州(zhou)西南8公(gong)里(li)奈曼旗青(qing)龍山(shan)鎮斯布格圖村(cun),為(wei)遼陳國公(gong)主(zhu)與(yu)驗馬合葬(zang)墓，該墓建(jian)筑宏偉，是迄今保存完整、出(chu)土文物豐富的契丹大墓葬(zang)。

靈(ling)安(an)(an)州(zhou)的(de)發現和(he)確認，填補了(le)《遼(liao)史》等史書對靈(ling)安(an)(an)州(zhou)失載，同(tong)時，對研究遼(liao)代(dai)社會地理區(qu)劃提(ti)供(gong)了(le)地理方位。靈(ling)安(an)(an)州(zhou)城址周圍的(de)官山等有許多佛(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)石窟寺和(he)寺廟，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)推斷(duan)出(chu)州(zhou)城的(de)主人(ren)可(ke)(ke)能是(shi)佛(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)信(xin)徒。通過解讀(du)石窟寺中的(de)文字(zi)、文物信(xin)息，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)了(le)解遼(liao)代(dai)晚期佛(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)在(zai)當(dang)時各地的(de)傳播及發展變化。