靈安州遺址面積為408000平方米,在西(xi)城(cheng)墻(qiang)為正中(zhong)偏南(nan)處,有一高臺建筑(zhu)址,南(nan)北長60米,東西(xi)寬(kuan)30米,高山城(cheng)內地(di)表(biao)2米。夯土板筑(zhu)城(cheng)墻(qiang),基寬(kuan)20米,高處約10米。東北、南(nan)墻(qiang)各開一城(cheng)門,外加(jia)筑(zhu)甕墻(qiang)外側有馬面。城(cheng)內有十(shi)字(zi)形(xing)街道,建筑(zhu)臺基。地(di)表(biao)散布溝紋(wen)磚(zhuan),布紋(wen)瓦、蓮花紋(wen)瓦當、獸面紋(wen)瓦當、白瓷片(pian)及遼、北寧的銅錢等物(wu)品。
靈安(an)(an)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)城(cheng)址(zhi)正處科(ke)爾(er)沁沙(sha)地(di)(di)與遼(liao)西(xi)山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)過渡地(di)(di)帶,海拔300米(mi)(mi)左右。城(cheng)址(zhi)周圍群(qun)山(shan)(shan)起伏,西(xi)2.5公(gong)(gong)里(li)為官山(shan)(shan),海拔626米(mi)(mi),山(shan)(shan)峰峻峭(qiao),巖石突兀,是(shi)(shi)青(qing)龍山(shan)(shan)群(qun)的(de)(de)組(zu)成部(bu)分;城(cheng)南(nan)2公(gong)(gong)里(li)為銀洞山(shan)(shan),海拔482米(mi)(mi)。再向(xiang)(xiang)南(nan)、向(xiang)(xiang)西(xi)即是(shi)(shi)青(qing)龍山(shan)(shan)群(qun),諸(zhu)峰竟秀。山(shan)(shan)之北為科(ke)爾(er)沁沙(sha)地(di)(di)南(nan)緣的(de)(de)黃土(tu)(tu)臺地(di)(di),千(qian)壑(he)縱橫。這(zhe)里(li)是(shi)(shi)遼(liao)河(he)大(da)支流柳河(he)的(de)(de)發源地(di)(di)區(qu)。柳河(he)上(shang)源名(ming)(ming)新(xin)開河(he)(又名(ming)(ming)扣根河(he)),扣根河(he)上(shang)游(you)的(de)(de)兩(liang)條(tiao)支流就在(zai)城(cheng)東(dong)交匯(hui)。一(yi)條(tiao)發源于古城(cheng)西(xi)北10公(gong)(gong)里(li)的(de)(de)黃土(tu)(tu)溝(gou)(gou)壑(he)之中(zhong),曲(qu)曲(qu)東(dong)南(nan)流來;另(ling)一(yi)條(tiao),自山(shan)(shan)后發源,裊繞如(ru)帶,經山(shan)(shan)西(xi),轉山(shan)(shan)南(nan),向(xiang)(xiang)東(dong)流過,至一(yi)占城(cheng)東(dong)邊與北來支流匯(hui)合(he),古城(cheng)就座落在(zai)這(zhe)片溝(gou)(gou)谷盆地(di)(di)之中(zhong)。這(zhe)一(yi)帶地(di)(di)勢比較開闊平(ping)坦,土(tu)(tu)質肥沃,水(shui)草豐(feng)美,是(shi)(shi)一(yi)處宜(yi)(yi)農宜(yi)(yi)牧的(de)(de)地(di)(di)區(qu)。靈安(an)(an)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)東(dong)南(nan)6公(gong)(gong)里(li)酒局子(zi)(zi)村(cun)亦(yi)有一(yi)座遼(liao)代古城(cheng)址(zhi),此(ci)城(cheng)夯土(tu)(tu)板(ban)筑(zhu),呈長方形,南(nan)北一(yi)長500米(mi)(mi),東(dong)西(xi)寬(kuan)30米(mi)(mi)。城(cheng)內中(zhong)部(bu)有三處建(jian)筑(zhu)臺基。城(cheng)內散布大(da)量(liang)青(qing)磚與灰色布紋瓦。靈安(an)(an)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)西(xi)南(nan)5公(gong)(gong)里(li)奈曼旗白音(yin)昌鄉半(ban)拉城(cheng)子(zi)(zi)村(cun)亦(yi)有一(yi)座遼(liao)代古城(cheng),規模略小于酒局子(zi)(zi)古城(cheng)址(zhi)。靈安(an)(an)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)西(xi)南(nan)8公(gong)(gong)里(li)奈曼旗青(qing)龍山(shan)(shan)鎮斯(si)布格(ge)圖村(cun),為遼(liao)陳(chen)國公(gong)(gong)主(zhu)與驗(yan)馬合(he)葬墓(mu),該墓(mu)建(jian)筑(zhu)宏(hong)偉,是(shi)(shi)迄今保存完(wan)整、出土(tu)(tu)文(wen)物(wu)豐(feng)富的(de)(de)契丹(dan)大(da)墓(mu)葬。
庫倫旗(qi)靈安州城(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)規模較(jiao)(jiao)大(da), 城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)亦較(jiao)(jiao)高大(da)。由(you)于城(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)土(tu)地耕(geng)種, 南墻(qiang)(qiang)已被村落民(min)宅(zhai)占用, 東(dong)(dong)墻(qiang)(qiang)破壞(huai)較(jiao)(jiao)重(zhong), 北(bei)墻(qiang)(qiang)也(ye)被風(feng)(feng)蝕和流水破壞(huai),殘存(cun)的(de)幾座(zuo)馬面(mian)和甕城(cheng)(cheng)保存(cun)尚(shang)好, 高者可(ke)(ke)達20米(mi)。唯西(xi)墻(qiang)(qiang)保存(cun)甚(shen)好, 但城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)的(de)高度也(ye)因(yin)西(xi)城(cheng)(cheng)外風(feng)(feng)沙淤(yu)積而(er)失去了原來的(de)高度。因(yin)幾十年(nian)來, 城(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)辟為(wei)耕(geng)地, 對(dui)地貌(mao)破壞(huai)十分嚴重(zhong), 建(jian)(jian)筑基(ji)址(zhi)多已無法辨清, 較(jiao)(jiao)明顯的(de)是(shi)南門(men)與北(bei)門(men)相對(dui)有一(yi)(yi)條(tiao)(tiao)直街, 與東(dong)(dong)門(men)內(nei)的(de)一(yi)(yi)條(tiao)(tiao)大(da)街垂直, 形成城(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)“ 十” 字形街道。東(dong)(dong)門(men)大(da)街南北(bei)兩(liang)側有排列(lie)較(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)整齊的(de)建(jian)(jian)筑基(ji)址(zhi)。城(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)靠西(xi)墻(qiang)(qiang)正中(zhong)有一(yi)(yi)高臺(tai)建(jian)(jian)筑址(zhi), 南北(bei)長(chang)60米(mi),東(dong)(dong)西(xi)寬30米(mi), 高出地面(mian)2米(mi)。這一(yi)(yi)帶地勢亦高, 臺(tai)基(ji)上散布(bu)著許多綠釉瓦(wa)、溝(gou)滴(di)、青磚(zhuan)、灰色布(bu)紋瓦(wa)等建(jian)(jian)筑構件。從地表遺(yi)物(wu)分布(bu)的(de)規律看, 其(qi)建(jian)(jian)筑物(wu)似為(wei)東(dong)(dong)向,并推(tui)斷此處為(wei)當年(nian)的(de)寺(si)廟。在古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)的(de)西(xi)南隅和西(xi)北(bei)隅各有一(yi)(yi)片(pian)低洼地, 無任何遺(yi)物(wu)和遺(yi)跡,推(tui)斷可(ke)(ke)能是(shi)當時的(de)湖(hu)泊(bo)。古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)內(nei), 中(zhong)部以南建(jian)(jian)筑較(jiao)(jiao)多, 磚(zhuan)瓦(wa)、石塊(kuai)及各種陶(tao)片(pian)、瓷片(pian)遍(bian)地皆是(shi)。
“當地(di)人(ren)們傳說(shuo)在新中(zhong)國解放以前, 在古城(cheng)中(zhong)鋤地(di), 每次都可(ke)(ke)拾到大量的銅錢(qian)。城(cheng)內遺物相(xiang)當豐富, 青磚、灰瓦及其它建(jian)筑構件俯拾皆是, 器(qi)物殘片(pian)亦(yi)隨處可(ke)(ke)見, 只因(yin)地(di)表久為耕地(di), 使地(di)表遺物破壞十分嚴重。古城(cheng)的西南隅和西北隅各有一(yi)片(pian)低洼地(di),無(wu)任何遺物和遺跡,推斷可(ke)(ke)能是當時(shi)的人(ren)工湖泊。”
古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)不(bu)但陸續出(chu)土(tu)了蓮花瓦當(dang)(dang)、獸面瓦當(dang)(dang)、龍(long)紋瓦當(dang)(dang)、方磚(zhuan)、條(tiao)磚(zhuan)、筒瓦、板瓦、琉璃(li)滴水(shui)等(deng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)構件及龍(long)爪、獸頭、鳳(feng)尾等(deng)陶飾件。還出(chu)土(tu)了影青瓷碗、白(bai)瓷盤(pan)、定瓷盤(pan)、銅(tong)畫(hua)押印、銅(tong)雙魚(yu)佩飾、石(shi)臼、石(shi)佛(fo)等(deng)珍貴文(wen)物(wu)。特別是(shi)出(chu)土(tu)紫銅(tong)陽刻九疊篆文(wen)“靈安(an)州刺(ci)史印”一方,為(wei)該(gai)城(cheng)(cheng)定名為(wei)“靈安(an)州”提(ti)供了詳實(shi)的(de)(de)佐證。與古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)遙相呼應,相映成輝的(de)(de)是(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)西官山(shan)主峰(feng)上(shang)的(de)(de)寺(si)廟址和(he)三(san)個(ge)人(ren)工開鑿的(de)(de)三(san)個(ge)石(shi)洞(dong)(dong),即大(da)喇(la)(la)嘛(ma)洞(dong)(dong)、二(er)喇(la)(la)嘛(ma)洞(dong)(dong)和(he)三(san)喇(la)(la)嘛(ma)洞(dong)(dong)。大(da)喇(la)(la)嘛(ma)洞(dong)(dong)有“此(ci)洞(dong)(dong)曰云光洞(dong)(dong)”六字墨書題(ti)記,三(san)喇(la)(la)嘛(ma)洞(dong)(dong)內(nei)側石(shi)壁(bi)則題(ti)有詩(shi)句。根據山(shan)下(xia)遺址、山(shan)上(shang)遺跡(ji)所散布的(de)(de)遺物(wu)與城(cheng)(cheng)中遺物(wu)相同(tong), 說明山(shan)上(shang)山(shan)下(xia)遺跡(ji)與古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)同(tong)時(shi)代(dai)的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu), 應是(shi)遼代(dai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)州城(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)外的(de)(de)佛(fo)寺(si)或道觀(guan)。而個(ge)洞(dong)(dong)壁(bi)題(ti)記應為(wei)遼亡寺(si)廟廢棄之(zhi)后的(de)(de)閑散文(wen)人(ren)所為(wei)。從官山(shan)寺(si)廟址和(he)石(shi)窟址可以看出(chu),該(gai)地區在遼代(dai)時(shi)期經濟和(he)文(wen)化都相當(dang)(dang)繁榮。從城(cheng)(cheng)中遺物(wu)和(he)城(cheng)(cheng)外遺跡(ji)推斷,此(ci)城(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)遼代(dai),金元(yuan)沿用(yong)。
靈安州西南8公(gong)里(li)奈曼旗青(qing)龍山鎮斯布格(ge)圖村,為遼(liao)陳國公(gong)主與驗馬合葬墓(mu),該墓(mu)建筑宏偉(wei),是(shi)迄今保存完整(zheng)、出土文物豐富的(de)契丹大(da)墓(mu)葬。
靈安州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)發(fa)現(xian)和確認,填補(bu)了《遼(liao)史》等史書對靈安州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)失載,同時,對研(yan)究遼(liao)代社(she)會地理區劃提(ti)供了地理方位。靈安州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)城(cheng)址(zhi)周圍的(de)(de)官山等有許(xu)多佛教(jiao)石(shi)窟(ku)寺(si)和寺(si)廟,可(ke)(ke)以(yi)推斷出州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)城(cheng)的(de)(de)主人可(ke)(ke)能(neng)是佛教(jiao)信徒。通過解(jie)讀(du)石(shi)窟(ku)寺(si)中的(de)(de)文字(zi)、文物信息,可(ke)(ke)以(yi)了解(jie)遼(liao)代晚期佛教(jiao)在(zai)當時各地的(de)(de)傳播及(ji)發(fa)展變(bian)化。