霍(huo)州(zhou)觀(guan)音廟(第六(liu)批國保)
時代:元至清
地址:霍州市趙家莊村
2006年5月(yue)被定為(wei)第(di)六批(pi)國家文(wen)物保(bao)護(hu)單位的霍州觀(guan)音廟是集儒、釋、道為(wei)一體的典(dian)型(xing)的寺廟綜合建筑。
簡介
儒家(jia)講格(ge)物致知,誠(cheng)意正心(xin)(xin);佛家(jia)講明心(xin)(xin)見性,即心(xin)(xin)即佛;道家(jia)講返(fan)本歸(gui)真,清凈(jing)無(wu)為。三(san)者(zhe)乃殊(shu)途同歸(gui),足見菩薩在大眾心(xin)(xin)目(mu)中(zhong)的地位。此廟中(zhong)土地殿規(gui)模雖小,但據歷史記載始建(jian)于宋(song)代(dai),三(san)圣殿、山門、觀音殿、過街(jie)閣樓、文昌閣等均創建(jian)于元、明時期,后歷代(dai)屢有修葺(qi)。
構建特色
觀(guan)音(yin)廟(miao)(miao)院(yuan)坐(zuo)北(bei)朝南(nan),總(zong)體(ti)布(bu)局(ju)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)兩條平(ping)行軸(zhou)(zhou)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),符合了中國傳統的(de)(de)對稱理(li)念。其(qi)(qi)東(dong)(dong)軸(zhou)(zhou)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)進院(yuan),軸(zhou)(zhou)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)上分(fen)(fen)布(bu)有(you)(you)(you)山門(men)、三圣殿(dian)(dian),東(dong)(dong)側(ce)有(you)(you)(you)廂房、廊(lang)屋(wu)、耳(er)殿(dian)(dian),東(dong)(dong)南(nan)角二層有(you)(you)(you)文昌(chang)閣(ge)(ge)。西(xi)(xi)軸(zhou)(zhou)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)兩進院(yuan),軸(zhou)(zhou)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)上分(fen)(fen)布(bu)有(you)(you)(you)過(guo)街(jie)閣(ge)(ge)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)、戲臺(tai)、過(guo)殿(dian)(dian)、觀(guan)音(yin)殿(dian)(dian)(分(fen)(fen)正(zheng)殿(dian)(dian)和東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)配殿(dian)(dian)),軸(zhou)(zhou)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)西(xi)(xi)側(ce)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)有(you)(you)(you)廊(lang)屋(wu)。其(qi)(qi)三圣殿(dian)(dian)與(yu)觀(guan)音(yin)殿(dian)(dian)之(zhi)(zhi)間建(jian)有(you)(you)(you)土地(di)殿(dian)(dian)。西(xi)(xi)北(bei)角留有(you)(you)(you)便門(men),平(ping)時(shi)(shi)進廟(miao)(miao)多走此門(men),這是一(yi)座典型的(de)(de)正(zheng)方形廟(miao)(miao)宇(yu),其(qi)(qi)莊(zhuang)嚴(yan)肅穆可見一(yi)斑(ban)。廟(miao)(miao)院(yuan)南(nan)北(bei)總(zong)長(chang)47米(mi),東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)寬43米(mi),占(zhan)(zhan)地(di)面(mian)積2021平(ping)方米(mi)。現(xian)存有(you)(you)(you)宋、元、明(ming)、清不(bu)同時(shi)(shi)期(qi)大(da)小殿(dian)(dian)八座,均(jun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)筒瓦(wa)硬山頂式建(jian)筑,琉(liu)璃(li)瓦(wa)脊。西(xi)(xi)軸(zhou)(zhou)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)正(zheng)南(nan)元代(dai)過(guo)街(jie)閣(ge)(ge)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)原為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“彘川鎮(zhen)河”神龕閣(ge)(ge)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou),坐(zuo)北(bei)朝南(nan),全木(mu)結構(gou),底為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)柱廊(lang)式過(guo)街(jie)通(tong)道,上鋪木(mu)板(ban),設柵欄,神龕臺(tai)基(ji)。樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)頂為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)重(zhong)檐歇山頂,琉(liu)璃(li)剪邊,灰瓦(wa)覆蓋。頂部(bu)正(zheng)吻題記“昊川雄鎮(zhen)”四字,閣(ge)(ge)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)梁架(jia)結構(gou)多為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)元代(dai)遺(yi)構(gou)。據(ju)大(da)明(ming)嘉靖二十(shi)二年(nian)重(zhong)修(xiu)碑文記載:“……前樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)一(yi)葺,形勢壯(zhuang)觀(guan),東(dong)(dong)距霍山,西(xi)(xi)臨汾水(shui),北(bei)有(you)(you)(you)高崗(gang)之(zhi)(zhi)倚,南(nan)有(you)(you)(you)平(ping)川之(zhi)(zhi)望(wang),喬木(mu)巍峨,陰(yin)木(mu)華(hua)蓋,雖盛暑之(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)(shi),涼風可以(yi)(yi)解吾心之(zhi)(zhi)慍(yun),野(ye)景(jing)可娛吾目之(zhi)(zhi)歡,誠妥(tuo)神之(zhi)(zhi)勝(sheng)地(di),即郡廟(miao)(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)冠也。……”此閣(ge)(ge)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)確實(shi)具有(you)(you)(you)很高的(de)(de)歷史(shi)、藝(yi)術和科學(xue)研究價值。明(ming)初,閣(ge)(ge)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)北(bei)側(ce)建(jian)起一(yi)坐(zuo)南(nan)向北(bei)戲臺(tai),前為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)卷棚頂,用磚做基(ji)座。戲臺(tai)與(yu)閣(ge)(ge)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)緊(jin)緊(jin)相依,渾為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)體(ti),組成(cheng)戲臺(tai),名(ming)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“賽蜃樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)”。此后(hou),閣(ge)(ge)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)便作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)觀(guan)音(yin)廟(miao)(miao)戲臺(tai)的(de)(de)后(hou)臺(tai)而用。從元代(dai)以(yi)(yi)后(hou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)歷代(dai)掌管水(shui)利(li)部(bu)門(men)占(zhan)(zhan)用,一(yi)直到解放(fang)(fang)初期(qi),解放(fang)(fang)后(hou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)學(xue)校所占(zhan)(zhan),用至1994年(nian),1994年(nian)以(yi)(yi)來,由(you)觀(guan)音(yin)廟(miao)(miao)義務(wu)保護小組管理(li)。
解放初,廟內塑(su)像被毀,直到1995年(nian),由廣(guang)大信(xin)眾集資(zi)重塑(su)觀(guan)(guan)音(yin)菩薩(sa)、眼光(guang)菩薩(sa)、送子菩薩(sa)、藥(yao)師(shi)佛、關圣帝君、玉皇(huang)大帝、利市仙(xian)宮、東海龍王(wang)、土地翁、婆、文昌(chang)帝君等塑(su)像,1998年(nian)又雕刻(ke)漢白玉觀(guan)(guan)音(yin)菩薩(sa)像一(yi)尊,立于過(guo)殿(dian),使觀(guan)(guan)音(yin)廟又恢復了往日(ri)的興旺景象。