芒果视频

簡介

黎城城隍廟座落在縣城河下(xia)街，坐北向南。該廟始建(jian)于(yu)宋天圣三(san)年（1025年)。城隍廟將門作樓(lou)(lou)，系(xi)三(san)層(ceng)重(zhong)檐(yan)，故俗稱三(san)節樓(lou)(lou)。現存(cun)建(jian)筑主要(yao)有門樓(lou)(lou)和正(zheng)殿。門樓(lou)(lou)面闊(kuo)三(san)間，進(jin)(jin)深(shen)二間，屬明代風格。臺(tai)基呈長方形(xing)(xing)，長18米，寬12米臺(tai)高2.35米。 門樓(lou)(lou)正(zheng)中橫掛一匾，上書(shu)“群(qun)峰環翠”。屋頂(ding)形(xing)(xing)制為(wei)(wei)三(san)層(ceng)重(zhong)檐(yan)歇山(shan)頂(ding)。正(zheng)脊(ji)、吻獸(shou)(shou)、垂獸(shou)(shou)、戧脊(ji)獸(shou)(shou)、套獸(shou)(shou)，均為(wei)(wei)黃綠相間琉璃造。山(shan)花出際施博風板，懸魚作卷(juan)云如意式斗拱(gong)均為(wei)(wei)五(wu)鋪作雙(shuang)下(xia)昂。用材粗壯(zhuang)宏大(da)，巍然(ran)壯(zhuang)觀，為(wei)(wei)黎城古建(jian)筑之冠。正(zheng)殿面闊(kuo)五(wu)間、進(jin)(jin)深(shen)五(wu)間，六椽伏前(qian)后接乳，通檐(yan)用五(wu)柱，基本上為(wei)(wei)現代風格，臺(tai)基邊長18米，呈正(zheng)方形(xing)(xing)，臺(tai)高1.37米。 殿內(nei)一排前(qian)金枝，屋頂(ding)形(xing)(xing)制為(wei)(wei)懸山(shan)頂(ding)，正(zheng)脊(ji)、吻獸(shou)(shou)均為(wei)(wei)黃綠相間琉璃造，斗拱(gong)均為(wei)(wei)五(wu)鋪作雙(shuang)下(xia)昂，威嚴肅(su)穆。

現狀

山(shan)西省重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點文物(wu)(wu)保護(hu)單位。在黎(li)(li)城(cheng)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)城(cheng)內正街(jie)與河下街(jie)相交處北(bei)隅。坐北(bei)向南(nan)，原為兩(liang)進(jin)院(yuan)布(bu)局，現僅(jin)存前院(yuan)。廟(miao)(miao)內前有(you)山(shan)門(men)、后有(you)正殿(dian)，東(dong)西廂房左右(you)配置，殿(dian)宇巍峨，飛檐(yan)凌空，紅墻綠瓦(wa)，莊重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)古(gu)樸(pu)。歷為黎(li)(li)邑一大勝景。體現了古(gu)代(dai)(dai)中國(guo)(guo)勞(lao)動人(ren)民的(de)聰明智(zhi)慧和高(gao)超的(de)建(jian)筑技(ji)藝(yi)。該(gai)廟(miao)(miao)創建(jian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)(dai)無考，據清康熙二(er)十(shi)(shi)一年(nian)(nian)(nian)（1682）《黎(li)(li)城(cheng)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)志》和廟(miao)(miao)內碑(bei)刻記載：北(bei)宋天(tian)圣三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)（1025）隨縣(xian)(xian)(xian)治(zhi)遷(qian)變而(er)遷(qian)建(jian)于(yu)今址。元至正十(shi)(shi)八年(nian)(nian)(nian)（1358），農(nong)民起義軍紅巾軍一支攻破黎(li)(li)城(cheng)，城(cheng)隍廟(miao)(miao)焚于(yu)兵火。明洪武二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)（1369）于(yu)舊(jiu)址重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)建(jian)。嘉靖十(shi)(shi)六年(nian)(nian)(nian)（1357）六月(yue)，城(cheng)隍廟(miao)(miao)山(shan)門(men)古(gu)樓(lou)（俗稱(cheng)三(san)(san)節樓(lou)）傾塌，縣(xian)(xian)(xian)民縉紳等(deng)措(cuo)資財于(yu)是月(yue)二(er)十(shi)(shi)九(jiu)日興(xing)土再(zai)建(jian)，于(yu)嘉靖十(shi)(shi)八年(nian)(nian)(nian)（1539）六月(yue)五日竣工。清康熙四十(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)（1701）二(er)月(yue)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu)。咸(xian)豐(feng)三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)（1853）八月(yue)二(er)十(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)日，太平天(tian)國(guo)(guo)北(bei)征軍林(lin)鳳翔所部，由潞入黎(li)(li)，攻打縣(xian)(xian)(xian)城(cheng)，三(san)(san)節樓(lou)被(bei)燒毀。咸(xian)豐(feng)八年(nian)(nian)(nian)（1858）重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)建(jian)三(san)(san)節樓(lou)。宣統三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)（1911）再(zai)次(ci)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu)。中華人(ren)民共和國(guo)(guo)成(cheng)立(li)后，黎(li)(li)城(cheng)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)民政(zheng)府將其列入縣(xian)(xian)(xian)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點文物(wu)(wu)保護(hu)單位。1982年(nian)(nian)(nian)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)政(zheng)府撥專(zhuan)款進(jin)行(xing)了維(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)彩繪。現已(yi)成(cheng)為縣(xian)(xian)(xian)博(bo)物(wu)(wu)館館址。

三節(jie)樓(lou)為城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)廟(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)門(men)樓(lou)。因屋(wu)頂形制(zhi)為重(zhong)檐三滴水，故名之(zhi)(zhi)。該(gai)樓(lou)面闊三間，進深兩間，通高約20米。臺(tai)(tai)基高峙，磚石砌臺(tai)(tai)，長18米，寬12米，高2.35米。平(ping)面布局(ju)呈(cheng)長方形。屋(wu)頂為三層(ceng)重(zhong)檐歇山頂。樓(lou)內(nei)圓柱(zhu)方額，斗拱(gong)密置，五踩斗拱(gong)雙下昂，昂呈(cheng)琴面式，梁架(jia)規整(zheng)，結構緊俏。樓(lou)頂滿覆琉璃(li)，貓頭滴水皆備。吻(wen)獸均(jun)為黃綠琉璃(li)相間，山花出際施博(bo)風(feng)、懸魚(yu)、惹(re)草、懸魚(yu)作如意(yi)式，十分精制(zhi)。雖(sui)歷盡滄桑之(zhi)(zhi)變(bian)，仍保(bao)留著明代建筑風(feng)格。據明嘉靖三十一年(nian)（1552）冬，邑人靳惟精撰《重(zhong)修城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)廟(miao)門(men)樓(lou)記(ji)》載：“予謂(wei)，天(tian)下城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)皆有(you)廟(miao)，廟(miao)必(bi)(bi)有(you)門(men)，門(men)未必(bi)(bi)有(you)樓(lou)也(ye)。唯此(ci)黎廟(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)門(men)有(you)樓(lou)，意(yi)在飾廟(miao)云(yun)爾。自有(you)宋天(tian)圣三年(nian)乙丑遷創今縣，高城(cheng)(cheng)深隍(huang)(huang)，其(qi)(qi)英靈之(zhi)(zhi)氣寓于城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)之(zhi)(zhi)中，而(er)實(shi)超乎城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)之(zhi)(zhi)表，萃而(er)為神(shen)，受(shou)命于上帝以主(zhu)斯土者，蓋五百二十八歲于今矣。其(qi)(qi)神(shen)棲有(you)廟(miao)，肇構莫稽。”

正(zheng)殿位居門樓之北(bei)，面(mian)闊五間(jian)(jian)(jian)，進深五間(jian)(jian)(jian)，平面(mian)布局正(zheng)方形(xing)，屋頂形(xing)制懸(xuan)山頂。圓柱圓梁，四椽(chuan)栿，通(tong)檐(yan)用(yong)五柱。殿內(nei)減前金柱一(yi)排。前檐(yan)斗拱(gong)為五踩(cai)單(dan)下(xia)昂，明次間(jian)(jian)(jian)補間(jian)(jian)(jian)出(chu)斜拱(gong)。后(hou)檐(yan)斗拱(gong)為三(san)踩(cai)當(dang)下(xia)昂。屋頂脊獸均為黃綠琉璃相(xiang)間(jian)(jian)(jian)鴟(chi)吻、垂(chui)獸色調沉穩，制作精細，系清(qing)代中(zhong)期(qi)所燒制。廟內(nei)新(xin)建碑(bei)廊一(yi)座，長約26米。廊內(nei)鑲嵌(qian)陳列北(bei)魏(wei)造像碑(bei)，隋螭首造像碑(bei)，隋、唐、五代時期(qi)的墓志銘及明清(qing)官衙(ya)各類行政明文碑(bei)等二十(shi)余通(tong)（方）。

布局

城(cheng)隍廟在黎(li)城(cheng)縣城(cheng)內正街。廟座(zuo)北向(xiang)南，原為(wei)兩(liang)進(jin)院，現僅存(cun)前(qian)院。廟內前(qian)有山門，后有正殿(dian)，東西廂房(fang)左右配(pei)置，殿(dian)宇巍峨(e)，飛檐凌(ling)空，紅墻綠瓦，莊(zhuang)重古樸，歷為(wei)黎(li)邑一大勝景。該廟創建年代(dai)無考，據清康熙(xi)《黎(li)城(cheng)縣志》和廟內碑刻記(ji)載，北宋(song)天圣三年（1025）隨縣治(zhi)遷變而遷建于今(jin)址。

元至正十(shi)八(ba)年（1358），農民起義軍紅巾軍一支攻破黎城，城隍廟(miao)焚于(yu)兵火。明(ming)洪武(wu)二年（1369）于(yu)舊址(zhi)(zhi)重(zhong)建(jian)，明(ming)清各朝均(jun)有修(xiu)葺。1982年縣政府撥(bo)專(zhuan)款進行了(le)維修(xiu)彩(cai)繪，現(xian)為縣博(bo)物館(guan)館(guan)址(zhi)(zhi)。 三(san)(san)節樓(lou)為城隍廟(miao)之門樓(lou)。因屋頂(ding)形(xing)(xing)制(zhi)為重(zhong)檐三(san)(san)滴(di)水，故名之。該樓(lou)面(mian)闊三(san)(san)間(jian)，進深兩間(jian)，通(tong)高約20米。臺基(ji)高崎，磚石(shi)砌臺，平面(mian)布局呈長方形(xing)(xing)。屋頂(ding)為三(san)(san)層重(zhong)檐歇(xie)山頂(ding)，樓(lou)頂(ding)滿覆琉(liu)璃，裝修(xiu)十(shi)分精致，為明(ming)代中國建(jian)筑(zhu)風格(ge)。

正(zheng)殿(dian)位居門樓之北，面闊五間(jian)，進深五間(jian)，平面布局正(zheng)方形，屋頂形制(zhi)懸(xuan)山頂。圓柱(zhu)圓梁(liang)，四(si)椽(chuan)袱(fu)對前(qian)后(hou)乳袱(fu)，通檐(yan)用五柱(zhu)。殿(dian)內減前(qian)金柱(zhu)一(yi)排。前(qian)檐(yan)斗拱為五踩雙下(xia)昂，明次間(jian)補間(jian)出斜拱。后(hou)檐(yan)斗拱為三踩單下(xia)昂。屋頂脊(ji)獸均為黃綠琉(liu)璃相間(jian)，鴟吻、垂(chui)獸色(se)調沉穩，制(zhi)作(zuo)精細，系清代中期(qi)所燒制(zhi)。

廟內(nei)新建碑(bei)廊(lang)，長26米。廊(lang)內(nei)鑲(xiang)嵌(qian)陳(chen)列北魏造像碑(bei)，隋螭(chi)首浮圖碑(bei)，隋、唐、五代(dai)時(shi)期的(de)墓志銘及明清官衙各類行政明文碑(bei)等20余通。城隍廟現已成為縣城內(nei)一(yi)處重要的(de)游覽場所。

來由

宋代民(min)(min)間普遍(bian)信仰，明代朱元璋推崇有加(jia)。在宋代，城(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)信仰已是(shi)民(min)(min)間非常(chang)普遍(bian)的信仰了，元代文(wen)宗天歷年間，朝廷讓城(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)爺(ye)配(pei)享(xiang)夫(fu)人(ren)，從此城(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)廟里就(jiu)有了寢(qin)殿，專(zhuan)門供奉城(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)爺(ye)及城(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)夫(fu)人(ren)。

到了明代，朱(zhu)(zhu)元(yuan)璋(zhang)(zhang)更是推崇有加,相傳朱(zhu)(zhu)元(yuan)璋(zhang)(zhang)稱(cheng)帝之(zhi)前,曾經宿身(shen)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)廟而幸免大難.朱(zhu)(zhu)元(yuan)璋(zhang)(zhang)稱(cheng)帝之(zhi)后,于(yu)洪(hong)武元(yuan)年(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)1368年(nian)),下(xia)旨封(feng)都城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)監察(cha)司(si)顯佑王，職(zhi)(zhi)位正(zheng)一品(pin)(pin)；與朝廷的太師、太傅、太保“三公(gong)”和左右丞(cheng)相平級(ji)(ji)。同時封(feng)各(ge)府(fu)(fu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)監察(cha)司(si)民城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)威靈公(gong)、職(zhi)(zhi)位正(zheng)二品(pin)(pin)；封(feng)州城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)監察(cha)司(si)民城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)顯佑侯，職(zhi)(zhi)位正(zheng)三品(pin)(pin)；封(feng)縣城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)監察(cha)司(si)民城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)顯佑伯，職(zhi)(zhi)位正(zheng)四品(pin)(pin)。正(zheng)是在這一時期，各(ge)州府(fu)(fu)縣，紛紛修建(jian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)廟。都城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)廟由皇帝親自勅(chi)建(jian)，皇宮撥(bo)付(fu)銀(yin)兩，廟內(nei)住持由朝廷直接任命，各(ge)府(fu)(fu)、州、縣則按照(zhao)等級(ji)(ji)，依(yi)次效仿(fang)，規模(mo)等級(ji)(ji)完(wan)全參照(zhao)地方官(guan)(guan)署衙門(men)，按級(ji)(ji)別配制(zhi)冕(mian)毓官(guan)(guan)服。明洪(hong)武三年(nian)（公(gong)元(yuan)1370）年(nian)朝廷頒(ban)布了專(zhuan)門(men)祭祀城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)的典章制(zhi)度。并下(xia)詔去除了城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)封(feng)號，封(feng)京都城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“都城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)”。其(qi)它(ta)只稱(cheng)某(mou)府(fu)(fu)某(mou)州或某(mou)縣城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)。