九成(cheng)宮(gong)(gong),“九成(cheng)”者“九重”或“九層”之意,言(yan)其高大,在(zai)麟(lin)游縣城內(nei)。原是隋(sui)文(wen)帝(di)時建的,名(ming)(ming)(ming)仁壽(shou)宮(gong)(gong)。唐太宗貞(zhen)觀五年(公元(yuan)631年)修復(fu),更名(ming)(ming)(ming)九成(cheng)宮(gong)(gong)。唐高宗時一(yi)度改名(ming)(ming)(ming)萬年宮(gong)(gong),后又(you)恢(hui)復(fu)原名(ming)(ming)(ming)。周垣1800步(bu),并置禁苑武(wu)庫(ku)存及(ji)宮(gong)(gong)寺。規模宏(hong)偉,景色(se)壯(zhuang)麗,為隋(sui)唐離宮(gong)(gong)之冠。麟(lin)游縣山(shan)(shan)環水(shui)繞,夏日清涼,是避暑的好地方。今縣城的山(shan)(shan)腳下,杜水(shui)潺潺東流,被一(yi)個由北向南伸入河中(zhong)的小山(shan)(shan)嘴攔住,名(ming)(ming)(ming)石(shi)嘴灣。山(shan)(shan)背舊有凌虛閣,閣雖(sui)毀(hui)而(er)基址依稀可辨。經(jing)東北溝(gou)、梳(shu)妝臺(tai)、水(shui)漫嶺(ling)、天臺(tai)寺到西北溝(gou),即九成(cheng)宮(gong)(gong)的遺(yi)址。在(zai)東西兩(liang)溝(gou)之間(jian)有山(shan)(shan)叫(jiao)天臺(tai)山(shan)(shan)。天臺(tai)山(shan)(shan)上(shang)面的主峰叫(jiao)九龍殿,也(ye)叫(jiao)水(shui)漫嶺(ling)。
嶺上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)龍殿就是(shi)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)成官的(de)(de)(de)(de)排(pai)云殿。周圍(wei)平(ping)坦(tan)約九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)畝。在(zai)荊棘從(cong)中(zhong),遺(yi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)柱(zhu)礎(chu)、古塊(kuai)、殘磚、破瓦,兩(liang)旁并有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)土(tu)闕遺(yi)址(zhi)各一(yi)(yi)。正(zheng)南面(mian)(mian)臨懸(xuan)崖,深(shen)(shen)約百丈。北(bei)面(mian)(mian)連(lian)接一(yi)(yi)條(tiao)(tiao)北(bei)來南去的(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)脊,再(zai)(zai)北(bei)端有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)圓丘陵式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)峰。九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)龍殿下(xia)東(dong)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)地(di)上(shang),遺(yi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)夯筑長寬(kuan)18米(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)臺(tai)(tai),當地(di)群(qun)眾叫梳妝臺(tai)(tai)。西面(mian)(mian)是(shi)連(lian)續的(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)山(shan),山(shan)頭西南兩(liang)面(mian)(mian)是(shi)崢嶸的(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)崖,上(shang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)唐(tang)(tang)代的(de)(de)(de)(de)福昌院,亦名天(tian)臺(tai)(tai)寺。天(tian)臺(tai)(tai)寺西北(bei)山(shan)坡上(shang),有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)貞觀(guan)六(liu)年立的(de)(de)(de)(de)“九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)成宮(gong)醴(li)泉(quan)銘”碑(bei)(bei),魏征(zheng)撰(zhuan)文,歐陽詢書。書法秀(xiu)勁(jing),圓潤,一(yi)(yi)絲不茍,為(wei)(wei)歐書中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)上(shang)品。現(xian)建(jian)碑(bei)(bei)亭,附唐(tang)(tang)高宗撰(zhuan)“萬(wan)年宮(gong)銘并序”碑(bei)(bei),供(gong)群(qun)眾參觀(guan)。從(cong)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)成宮(gong)遺(yi)址(zhi)正(zheng)南跨過(guo)杜水,便是(shi)鳳臺(tai)(tai),相傳因隋文帝時落過(guo)鳳凰(huang),故名。鳳臺(tai)(tai)西南面(mian)(mian)還有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)處土(tu)臺(tai)(tai),傳說是(shi)唐(tang)(tang)王(wang)點過(guo)兵將(jiang)(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)點將(jiang)(jiang)臺(tai)(tai)。再(zai)(zai)南下(xia)到栗川村,有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)冬日不結冰的(de)(de)(de)(de)“御泉(quan)”。“御泉(quan)”對面(mian)(mian)東(dong)南方(fang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)所叫宮(gong)坪的(de)(de)(de)(de)村莊,傳說是(shi)唐(tang)(tang)宮(gong)官府所在(zai)地(di)。1980年5月,在(zai)遺(yi)址(zhi)內發現(xian)一(yi)(yi)座(zuo)唐(tang)(tang)代石(shi)砌(qi)水井(jing)。井(jing)臺(tai)(tai)呈方(fang)形,每邊長6.52米(mi)(mi)(mi),井(jing)臺(tai)(tai)上(shang)部用邊長0.25米(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)塊(kuai)素(su)面(mian)(mian)石(shi)板和長方(fang)形石(shi)條(tiao)(tiao)砌(qi)成。井(jing)口為(wei)(wei)圓形,直(zhi)徑1.06米(mi)(mi)(mi),周圍(wei)雕(diao)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)八瓣葵花形圖案(an)。井(jing)口外邊有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)四個(ge)(ge)相距為(wei)(wei)3米(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)柱(zhu)礎(chu)石(shi),直(zhi)徑為(wei)(wei)0.28米(mi)(mi)(mi),中(zhong)間有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)圓形小(xiao)孔(kong),孔(kong)直(zhi)徑為(wei)(wei)0.14米(mi)(mi)(mi),孔(kong)深(shen)(shen)0.3米(mi)(mi)(mi)。井(jing)臺(tai)(tai)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)砌(qi)石(shi)、柱(zhu)礎(chu)石(shi)和井(jing)口的(de)(de)(de)(de)圖案(an)都磨(mo)研、雕(diao)刻得異(yi)常(chang)精(jing)致,為(wei)(wei)研究(jiu)隋唐(tang)(tang)建(jian)筑史,提供(gong)了寶貴的(de)(de)(de)(de)資料。
隋仁(ren)壽(shou)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)·唐(tang)(tang)(tang)九(jiu)成(cheng)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)位(wei)于陜(shan)西省(sheng)麟游縣(xian),是隋、唐(tang)(tang)(tang)時期(qi)(qi)營造的(de)(de)皇家(jia)避暑(shu)離宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),由著名建(jian)筑家(jia)宇文(wen)愷為檢校將作(zuo)大匠(jiang)設計建(jian)造。始建(jian)于隋開(kai)皇十三年(nian)(593年(nian)),初名“仁(ren)壽(shou)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)”,唐(tang)(tang)(tang)貞觀五年(nian)(631年(nian))經修復擴建(jian)后(hou)改(gai)稱(cheng)為“九(jiu)成(cheng)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)”。現(xian)存遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)分(fen)布面積(ji)約42.4萬平方米(mi),遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)內(nei)現(xian)存宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)城、城墻(qiang)、夯(hang)筑宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)殿(dian)臺基、闕門基址(zhi)、石砌水井(jing)、唐(tang)(tang)(tang)“九(jiu)成(cheng)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)醴(li)泉銘(ming)”碑及“萬年(nian)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)銘(ming)”碑等遺(yi)(yi)跡。其中(zhong)由魏(wei)征(zheng)撰文(wen),歐陽詢手書(shu)的(de)(de)“九(jiu)成(cheng)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)醴(li)泉銘(ming)”,唐(tang)(tang)(tang)高宗李治撰文(wen)并親自書(shu)寫的(de)(de)“萬年(nian)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)銘(ming)”碑不(bu)僅具有重要(yao)的(de)(de)文(wen)物和歷史價(jia)值,也是我(wo)國書(shu)法史上里程(cheng)碑式(shi)的(de)(de)作(zuo)品(pin)。隋仁(ren)壽(shou)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)·唐(tang)(tang)(tang)九(jiu)成(cheng)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)被稱(cheng)為“離宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)冠”,堪稱(cheng)“陪都”,一(yi)度成(cheng)為隋、唐(tang)(tang)(tang)政治、文(wen)化、軍事、外交(jiao)中(zhong)心(xin)。隋仁(ren)壽(shou)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)?唐(tang)(tang)(tang)九(jiu)成(cheng)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)的(de)(de)發現(xian),為研究隋唐(tang)(tang)(tang)時期(qi)(qi)皇家(jia)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)苑的(de)(de)形(xing)制、規劃、建(jian)筑方式(shi)等提供(gong)了重要(yao)的(de)(de)實物資料。1957年(nian)隋仁(ren)壽(shou)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)·唐(tang)(tang)(tang)九(jiu)成(cheng)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)被公(gong)布為第(di)二(er)批(pi)省(sheng)級(ji)重點(dian)(dian)文(wen)物保護單(dan)位(wei),1996年(nian)被國務院公(gong)布為第(di)四批(pi)全國重點(dian)(dian)文(wen)物保護單(dan)位(wei)。
“九五(wu)”以來主(zhu)要保護內容:
修建(jian)(jian)保護碑亭(ting)兩座(zuo)、宮(gong)廷水井井亭(ting)及門樓,37 號大(da)殿遺(yi)址回填,保護圍墻(qiang)、大(da)門修建(jian)(jian)。
保護規劃制訂。
“十(shi)一五”期(qi)間主要保護內容:
制定隋(sui)仁(ren)壽宮(gong)唐九(jiu)成宮(gong)遺址保護(hu)規劃,對主要重點的文(wen)物(wu)及(ji)變化區實施(shi)保護(hu)措施(shi)。
加固37 號宮殿(dian)遺(yi)址(zhi)的四周土體,防(fang)止其(qi)塌落,造成遺(yi)址(zhi)的破壞。同(tong)時對遺(yi)址(zhi)進行回填(tian),加固并部分進行復原展示。
目前隋仁(ren)壽宮(gong)唐九成宮(gong)遺(yi)址(zhi)遍布于麟(lin)游縣城(cheng)(cheng)內,范(fan)圍面積很大,城(cheng)(cheng)市建(jian)(jian)設和發展(zhan)對(dui)文物遺(yi)址(zhi)的破壞和威脅極大。但由于目前沒有整個(ge)隋仁(ren)壽宮(gong)唐九成宮(gong)遺(yi)址(zhi)保(bao)護規劃,建(jian)(jian)設性破壞日趨(qu)嚴(yan)重(zhong)。
九成宮37號(hao)宮殿遺址(zhi)夯土臺基東(dong)、南斷面高8米處,隨時(shi)有倒塌的危險。目前遺址(zhi)裸露,風(feng)雨(yu)侵蝕,風(feng)化已(yi)脫落(luo)。