芒果视频

基本介紹

世(shi)德堂(tang)是(shi)蘭溪地區最(zui)具宋元風格的(de)木構(gou)建筑，其正廳(ting)檐下(xia)的(de)單抄雙下(xia)昂六鋪作(zuo)和(he)(he)內槽三疊(die)梁等都是(shi)當地古建的(de)罕見孤例，1997年該(gai)建筑被公布為浙江(jiang)省文物保(bao)護單位。譜載世(shi)德堂(tang)是(shi)為祭祀三泉人(ren)唐(tang)元章、唐(tang)良嗣兩位南宋抗元名將而建，南宋德祐二(er)年(1276年)唐(tang)氏叔(shu)侄(zhi)二(er)人(ren)率兵大(da)敗元軍(jun)于蘭溪黃(huang)湓灘，朝廷(ting)加元章朝請大(da)夫，命知嚴(yan)州，加良嗣閣門(men)宣贊武(wu)(wu)翼將軍(jun)、江(jiang)淮閩浙都統兵馬使，兩年后分別戰死(si)在(zai)龍游白云寺和(he)(he)江(jiang)山仙霞嶺，宋丞相文天祥為其題(ti)寫的(de)“正氣千秋”、勅封“武(wu)(wu)翼將軍(jun)”兩古匾一(yi)直保(bao)留(liu)于世(shi)德堂(tang)，所以民間有(you)世(shi)德堂(tang)為宋元遺構(gou)之說(shuo)。

2005年(nian)世德堂維修(xiu)(xiu)期間，“狀元(yuan)及第(di)”（明(ming)嘉靖庚戌殿試第(di)一(yi)甲第(di)一(yi)名唐(tang)汝(ru)楫立）、“翰林學士”（宋天(tian)(tian)圣翰林唐(tang)滿立）、勅(chi)封“溫國公”（宋戶部侍郎(lang)唐(tang)恪立）、特賜(si)“成忠郎(lang)”（宋鄧(deng)州都司唐(tang)堯卿(qing)立）等宋明(ming)豎匾(bian)也(ye)得到修(xiu)(xiu)整(zheng)，另有(you)幾十(shi)塊毀于“文革”的(de)橫匾(bian)也(ye)因(yin)當年(nian)一(yi)位睿(rui)智老人的(de)偷偷摘抄而重見(jian)天(tian)(tian)日于盛世。那些標榜著宗族榮耀(yao)的(de)文字多少會有(you)炫(xuan)耀(yao)和教化(hua)的(de)動(dong)機，但無疑(yi)也(ye)是唐(tang)氏(shi)后(hou)裔的(de)精神氣質所在。

世(shi)德堂俗稱將士廳(ting)(ting)(ting)，坐北朝南偏東45°左右，總體為(wei)(wei)三(san)(san)(san)進(jin)(jin)兩(liang)(liang)天井合院式，依次有(you)照壁、門(men)樓、門(men)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)、正(zheng)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)、后(hou)(hou)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)、廂廊、夾弄等組成(cheng)。現存(cun)磚(zhuan)雕(diao)門(men)樓為(wei)(wei)明(ming)嘉靖年(nian)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)建(jian)(jian)造(zao)，四(si)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)五(wu)樓牌(pai)坊式，樓脊(ji)有(you)寶(bao)瓶、三(san)(san)(san)戟、獅(shi)子和魚龍吻獸等吉(ji)祥飾物(wu)(wu)，正(zheng)樓下(xia)(xia)書“東魯”二字(zi)，意(yi)為(wei)(wei)不忘山東先祖，額枋上(shang)有(you)高浮雕(diao)的雙(shuang)獅(shi)戲(xi)球、麒麟、牡丹等，各檐(yan)出跳(tiao)仿木(mu)(mu)五(wu)踩計心斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)共十(shi)(shi)二攢，部(bu)分施象鼻(bi)昂(ang)，拱(gong)(gong)眼壁等處有(you)彩畫。樓下(xia)(xia)為(wei)(wei)石庫門(men)，有(you)泡釘，兩(liang)(liang)旁(pang)設抱鼓石和旗桿石。門(men)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)面(mian)闊三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，進(jin)(jin)深九檁(lin)，明(ming)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)用(yong)(yong)抬梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)式五(wu)架(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)對前(qian)(qian)后(hou)(hou)雙(shuang)步(bu)，次間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)抬梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)穿斗(dou)(dou)混(hun)合式，磚(zhuan)制仿木(mu)(mu)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)架(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)，明(ming)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)后(hou)(hou)檐(yan)在清(qing)道(dao)光(guang)二十(shi)(shi)年(nian)（1840年(nian)）拆改出單(dan)檐(yan)歇山頂固定式戲(xi)臺，檐(yan)下(xia)(xia)撐(cheng)托(tuo)獅(shi)子牛腿，該進(jin)(jin)建(jian)(jian)筑在3年(nian)前(qian)(qian)的大修中(zhong)更換了較多的大木(mu)(mu)構(gou)件。戲(xi)臺正(zheng)對正(zheng)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)，兩(liang)(liang)旁(pang)用(yong)(yong)廂廊各三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)圍合天井。正(zheng)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)面(mian)闊三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，進(jin)(jin)深三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，用(yong)(yong)才(cai)粗壯，結構(gou)奇巧，在當地(di)有(you)民間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)小皇宮之稱。前(qian)(qian)檐(yan)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)頭和補間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)出單(dan)抄雙(shuang)下(xia)(xia)昂(ang)六鋪作(zuo)共十(shi)(shi)朵(duo)（其中(zhong)補間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)各兩(liang)(liang)朵(duo)），單(dan)材(cai)(cai)重(zhong)拱(gong)(gong)計心造(zao)，昂(ang)為(wei)(wei)琴面(mian)昂(ang)，整體與宋元官式做(zuo)法相似，但(dan)補間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)鋪作(zuo)無(wu)后(hou)(hou)尾(wei)，顯然以(yi)裝飾為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)、受力(li)為(wei)(wei)輔。前(qian)(qian)廊五(wu)檁(lin)，用(yong)(yong)覆水(shui)椽，梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)架(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)為(wei)(wei)抬梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)式結構(gou)，單(dan)步(bu)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)、三(san)(san)(san)架(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)和五(wu)架(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)均為(wei)(wei)扁作(zuo)月(yue)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)造(zao)，梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)頭無(wu)雕(diao)飾，梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)節點處用(yong)(yong)足材(cai)(cai)丁頭拱(gong)(gong)，騎栿拱(gong)(gong)順檁(lin)方(fang)向出三(san)(san)(san)跳(tiao)足材(cai)(cai)，坐斗(dou)(dou)下(xia)(xia)用(yong)(yong)駝(tuo)峰。內(nei)槽七(qi)檁(lin)，明(ming)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)抬梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)式結構(gou)，三(san)(san)(san)架(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)、五(wu)架(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)、七(qi)架(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)互相疊(die)加成(cheng)“三(san)(san)(san)疊(die)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)”，七(qi)架(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)插入前(qian)(qian)后(hou)(hou)金(jin)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)櫨斗(dou)(dou)，櫨斗(dou)(dou)用(yong)(yong)圓形，出十(shi)(shi)字(zi)拱(gong)(gong)、蟬肚替木(mu)(mu)等承(cheng)托(tuo)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)栿。所(suo)有(you)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)栿間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)均用(yong)(yong)騎栿拱(gong)(gong)（十(shi)(shi)字(zi)拱(gong)(gong)）承(cheng)托(tuo)，次間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)山縫抬梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)穿斗(dou)(dou)混(hun)合式，中(zhong)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)落地(di)，兩(liang)(liang)旁(pang)用(yong)(yong)單(dan)步(bu)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)、雙(shuang)步(bu)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)和三(san)(san)(san)步(bu)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)疊(die)加，風格與明(ming)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)架(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)取得(de)統一(yi)。后(hou)(hou)廊用(yong)(yong)單(dan)步(bu)。后(hou)(hou)檐(yan)額及內(nei)額施一(yi)斗(dou)(dou)九升的扶(fu)壁拱(gong)(gong)和襻間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)拱(gong)(gong)。除西次間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)前(qian)(qian)廊有(you)石柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)兩(liang)(liang)根(gen)外(wai)均用(yong)(yong)木(mu)(mu)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，梭柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)明(ming)顯，明(ming)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)檐(yan)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、四(si)金(jin)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)為(wei)(wei)鼓狀柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)礎(chu)，其余為(wei)(wei)礩形柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)礎(chu)。根(gen)據(ju)正(zheng)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)大木(mu)(mu)分析，專家斷代為(wei)(wei)元末(mo)(mo)明(ming)初建(jian)(jian)筑。后(hou)(hou)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)為(wei)(wei)清(qing)末(mo)(mo)添建(jian)(jian)，三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)兩(liang)(liang)搭廂式，正(zheng)房(fang)為(wei)(wei)重(zhong)檐(yan)樓屋，樓下(xia)(xia)明(ming)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)抬梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)結構(gou)，每(mei)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)用(yong)(yong)四(si)扇(shan)五(wu)抹(mo)(mo)隔扇(shan)門(men)，前(qian)(qian)廊出三(san)(san)(san)檁(lin)，青石抹(mo)(mo)角方(fang)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，四(si)只人(ren)物(wu)(wu)動物(wu)(wu)牛腿為(wei)(wei)近(jin)年(nian)被(bei)盜后(hou)(hou)重(zhong)新復制，兩(liang)(liang)次間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)架(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)與山墻間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)木(mu)(mu)梯可登樓，樓上(shang)草架(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)，用(yong)(yong)七(qi)檁(lin)，前(qian)(qian)檐(yan)有(you)樸素的壺嘴形撐(cheng)拱(gong)(gong)。后(hou)(hou)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)存(cun)有(you)供奉祖先牌(pai)位的神櫥，小木(mu)(mu)作(zuo)較為(wei)(wei)考(kao)究(jiu)。