小南海石(shi)(shi)(shi)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)位(wei)于(yu)浙江省衢(qu)州市(shi),沿(yan)衢(qu)江北岸分布,開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)鑿(zao)于(yu)江畔紅(hong)砂巖(yan)山體(ti)中,是(shi)宋(song)代至清代的遺址(zhi)。現(xian)存石(shi)(shi)(shi)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)總數(shu)超過50座。可能(neng)(neng)是(shi)古代石(shi)(shi)(shi)礦遺址(zhi)。石(shi)(shi)(shi)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)入(ru)(ru)口(kou)形式有二種(zhong),一為沿(yan)懸崖峭壁(bi)處平行往(wang)縱深開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)鑿(zao),其二為山坡平面開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)方形口(kou)子,往(wang)下(xia)(xia)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)鑿(zao)。從入(ru)(ru)口(kou)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)始(shi),有階梯狀臺級(ji)逐(zhu)級(ji)展開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)。石(shi)(shi)(shi)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)平面多(duo)呈方形,有些石(shi)(shi)(shi)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)頂(ding)呈弧狀;石(shi)(shi)(shi)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)內隔(ge)一定間距留有石(shi)(shi)(shi)柱(zhu);多(duo)數(shu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的巖(yan)壁(bi)上留有一排(pai)排(pai)整齊的鐵釬鑿(zao)痕(hen);各(ge)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之間沒有發現(xian)有規律的分布,但有些石(shi)(shi)(shi)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)相互緊鄰,可能(neng)(neng)屬于(yu)同(tong)一個開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)采個體(ti);有些石(shi)(shi)(shi)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)相隔(ge)數(shu)十公分卻不相通。從采石(shi)(shi)(shi)角(jiao)度(du)講(jiang),愈(yu)(yu)是(shi)往(wang)下(xia)(xia),紅(hong)砂巖(yan)的風化程度(du)愈(yu)(yu)小,石(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)的成材(cai)(cai)率愈(yu)(yu)高;但同(tong)時太縱深的開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)采在當時技術(shu)條件下(xia)(xia)容易造成石(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)往(wang)上、往(wang)外運輸方面的困難(nan),這時可能(neng)(neng)會迫(po)使開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)礦者(zhe)另外再擇址(zhi)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)采。現(xian)大部分石(shi)(shi)(shi)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)保存較好,有些石(shi)(shi)(shi)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)經旅游開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)發,成為大眾參觀游賞(shang)的勝(sheng)地。2013年(nian)5月被國(guo)務院核定為全國(guo)重(zhong)點重(zhong)點文物(wu)保護(hu)單位(wei)。
發展歷史
石(shi)(shi)(shi)室(shi)形(xing)成的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)代據現(xian)有(you)(you)(you)資料還無法確定。有(you)(you)(you)人根據石(shi)(shi)(shi)室(shi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)蟲(chong)鳥(niao)雕刻(ke)判定為漢或南朝;南宋(song)周大(da)忠有(you)(you)(you)“五丁運神(shen)斧,開(kai)(kai)鑿自何年”之詩句,說明石(shi)(shi)(shi)室(shi)早開(kai)(kai)鑿時(shi)(shi)間(jian)要遠早于當時(shi)(shi)。但從當地社會發展因素(su)考慮,大(da)規模的(de)(de)(de)開(kai)(kai)采或大(da)部(bu)分石(shi)(shi)(shi)室(shi)的(de)(de)(de)形(xing)成,應在宋(song)元時(shi)(shi)期和之后,包括砌筑城墻及民居建筑的(de)(de)(de)大(da)量使用此類石(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)等(deng)。現(xian)大(da)部(bu)分石(shi)(shi)(shi)室(shi)保(bao)存較好,有(you)(you)(you)些石(shi)(shi)(shi)室(shi)經旅(lv)游開(kai)(kai)發,成為大(da)眾參(can)觀游賞的(de)(de)(de)勝地。