城(cheng)(cheng)址是(shi)一(yi)處中國西漢時期古遺址,位于縣中國甘肅省張掖市民(min)樂永固鄉八卦(gua)(gua)營村西北。以漢初名(ming)將霍去(qu)病在此布(bu)八卦(gua)(gua)陣擊(ji)退匈奴得名(ming)。占地廣達42萬(wan)平(ping)方米(mi)(mi)。城(cheng)(cheng)垣殘(can)高4米(mi)(mi)夯土(tu)建筑。東、南各開一(yi)門內(nei)有宮城(cheng)(cheng)、內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)、紫營臺(tai)。內(nei)、外兩重護城(cheng)(cheng)河各寬(kuan)8米(mi)(mi)、10米(mi)(mi)。遺址有大量(liang)漢磚(zhuan)瓦(wa)殘(can)片、灰(hui)陶(tao)片。城(cheng)(cheng)址東北有2000平(ping)方米(mi)(mi)的5米(mi)(mi)高臺(tai)俗(su)稱為“點將臺(tai)”。
城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址座北(bei)面(mian)南,規模宏大,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)防結構(gou)復雜,由外(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、宮(gong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)三部分690米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),東西(xi)(xi)寬594米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),面(mian)積(ji)41萬(wan)平方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)合615畝。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣基寬14米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),頂寬5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),殘高4米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)置(zhi)(zhi)于外(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之中(zhong),南北(bei)長354米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),東西(xi)(xi)寬310米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),面(mian)積(ji)11萬(wan)平方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)合165畝,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣基寬10米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),殘高2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。內(nei)外(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)各(ge)設護(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)河一道,南垣正中(zhong)辟門。內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)部置(zhi)(zhi)宮(gong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),宮(gong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)筑40米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)×40米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)×5立方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的夯土臺,面(mian)積(ji)近1600平方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),俗稱“紫英臺”。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)(xi)部被南來的童子壩河沖斷(duan),在其(qi)斷(duan)面(mian)內(nei)和城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)地表遺存大量(liang)的漢代陶(tao)(tao)片,磚(zhuan)瓦殘塊,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)出土漢代鐵犁(li)、五銖錢、大板瓦、陶(tao)(tao)器殘件(jian)、和石磨殘塊等。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址東北(bei)300米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)處有(you)一座40米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)×50米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)×5立方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的高臺,俗稱“點將(jiang)臺”。
甘肅省文物考(kao)古研(yan)究所(suo)完成了對民樂(le)縣八卦(gua)營境內近(jin)百座(zuo)墓葬(zang)的(de)搶救性發掘,在已確認(ren)的(de)漢代(dai)墓葬(zang)中,出土了300多件陶器、銅(tong)器、漆(qi)器等隨(sui)葬(zang)器物。
負責現場考(kao)古發掘的甘肅(su)省文物考(kao)古研(yan)究所副研(yan)究員趙建龍介紹(shao),墓葬(zang)(zang)中出土(tu)的陶(tao)器多(duo),有(you)200多(duo)件(jian),其中有(you)漢代的灰陶(tao)壺(hu)、罐(guan)、盆、灶等。另外,墓葬(zang)(zang)中還出土(tu)了銅(tong)鏡、銅(tong)帶(dai)鉤(gou)、漆奩(lian)盒、鐵(tie)劍等器物100余件(jian)。
此(ci)次民樂考(kao)古(gu)發掘是為(wei)配合(he)蘭(lan)新鐵路(lu)第二(er)雙線建設而實施,2010年(nian)10月底啟動,12月上(shang)旬結(jie)束現場(chang)發掘,目前正(zheng)在室(shi)內(nei)開展進一步整理和研究。
現場共(gong)搶救(jiu)性挖掘了98座(zuo)早期墓(mu)(mu)葬,根據(ju)墓(mu)(mu)葬形制、出(chu)土器(qi)物等(deng)(deng)判(pan)斷,屬(shu)漢(han)(han)代墓(mu)(mu)葬的(de)有56座(zuo),出(chu)土的(de)器(qi)物主(zhu)要來自這些漢(han)(han)代墓(mu)(mu)葬,它們(men)為研究這一地區(qu)漢(han)(han)族與少數(shu)民族的(de)關系等(deng)(deng)提(ti)供了新資料。
讓考古人員(yuan)感到疑惑的是,這些墓(mu)葬與一般的漢墓(mu)還有所不同,墓(mu)葬中既(ji)出土(tu)了漢代器物(wu),又出土(tu)了類似辛店、齊家等(deng)類型的無(wu)飾花紋陶罐,文化交錯現象明顯。
根據(ju)這一墓(mu)葬(zang)文(wen)化特點及當地(di)有(you)一座月氏人東王城(cheng)的(de)傳說,趙(zhao)建龍推測,這些漢墓(mu)可(ke)能不是單純的(de)漢人之墓(mu),懷疑與當時生活在祁連(lian)山下的(de)月氏人有(you)關。
八(ba)卦(gua)(gua)(gua)營城(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)城(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)部被(bei)(bei)南(nan)來(lai)的(de)童(tong)子壩(ba)河多(duo)次沖(chong)(chong)斷,一到每年的(de)盛(sheng)夏雨季,河水(shui)暴(bao)漲,仍然沖(chong)(chong)刷著河東岸,“點將臺”有(you)被(bei)(bei)沖(chong)(chong)垮的(de)危險。雖(sui)然古城(cheng)(cheng)遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)和八(ba)卦(gua)(gua)(gua)墓群有(you)文(wen)保(bao)員(yuan)看(kan)護(hu)(hu)(hu),但離村(cun)子較(jiao)遠,在深夜時(shi),有(you)時(shi)會有(you)盜賊行動(dong)。“十二(er)五”期間,計劃(hua)在遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區新建(jian)文(wen)物保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)管(guan)理用房一處400平方米,專(zhuan)門對八(ba)卦(gua)(gua)(gua)古城(cheng)(cheng)遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)和八(ba)卦(gua)(gua)(gua)墓群的(de)文(wen)物進(jin)行保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu),并用圍欄圍圈(quan)城(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi),設置保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區界樁、界碑。該保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)經(jing)概算共(gong)需資(zi)金(jin)141.85萬(wan)元,申請中央(yang)資(zi)金(jin)投(tou)入113.48萬(wan)元,地方自籌(chou)資(zi)金(jin)28.37萬(wan)元。