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奢香墓
0 票數:0 #人文景觀建筑#
奢香墓,在大方縣城北0.5公里處云龍山下烏龍坡頭的洗馬塘畔。明洪武二十九年(公元1396年),奢香病逝,年僅35歲。明王朝遺使到水西奢香故里,參加祭奠葬禮,加謚奢香為“大明順德夫人”,并賜以朝衣錦帛。墓葬按正三品的規矩結合彝俗的墓建風格營造。奢香墓址,原是彝族先哲建立羅甸王國城堡所在地。據《西南彝志.六祖起源》記載,貴州水西彝族默部始祖德施氏第二十五世孫妥阿哲,于蜀漢建興三年(公元225年)在楚敖山與諸葛孔明結盟,助孔明南片有功,受冊封為羅甸王,令其治理慕胯(今大方)。國家級第三批文保名單。
  • 所在地/隸屬: 貴州(zhou)省畢(bi)節市大(da)方縣
  • 適宜季節: 全年
  • 文物保護單位: 國家級第三批(明)
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傳統文化

陵墓風格

奢香陵墓九層臺(tai),人龍(long)文(wen)虎彝象(xiang)開。墓葬坐北(bei)(bei)向南,左面有(you)條(tiao)“青龍(long)”,乃是“萬(wan)山(shan)環地(di)拱(gong),一嶺向天撐”的(de)云龍(long)山(shan)登高放(fang)眼,層巒疊嶂,云霧繚繞,偉岸(an)如海,會使人頓生(sheng)(sheng)胸(xiong)襟(jin)宏(hong)(hong)闊,意(yi)興高遠的(de)情懷(huai);右(you)邊有(you)條(tiao)“活龍(long)”,則是已經通車,川(chuan)流(liu)不息的(de)黔西北(bei)(bei)第(di)一條(tiao)高等級公路,由大方縣(xian)城抵四(si)川(chuan)的(de)納(na)溪,直接與(yu)長江水運相連的(de)大納(na)公路。前(qian)有(you)浪風臺(tai)“馳逐于其(qi)南”,后有(you)將軍山(shan),“坐鎮(zhen)于其(qi)北(bei)(bei)”。在四(si)周山(shan)高林秀的(de)風景映襯之(zhi)中,更顯示(shi)出奢香墓的(de)建構布局(ju),氣勢恢宏(hong)(hong),肅(su)穆莊重,巋(kui)然(ran)巨制(zhi)。環圍墓表的(de)板柱、瓦筒、瓦當和護欄(lan)、華表等的(de)浮雕、雕刻精細,刀法古樸(pu),造型生(sheng)(sheng)動,智利健有(you)力,全是形態(tai)各異的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)龍(long)活虎之(zhi)象(xiang),鮮明(ming)地(di)體現了彝族獨特(te)的(de)傳統文(wen)化內涵和藝術風格,具有(you)較高的(de)審美價(jia)值。

精神象征

崇龍尚虎的圖騰崇拜,是彝族先民(min)(min)的精神文化(hua)象征。也(ye)是以漢(han)族為(wei)主體的中華民(min)(min)族的文化(hua)紐帶,它的歷史悠久,源(yuan)遠流長。水西(xi)連(lian)華夏,一(yi)脈本相承。奢香墓作為(wei)民(min)(min)族團結、彝漢(han)相融(rong)的歷史見證,弘揚傳(chuan)統,激勵后人的煌(huang)煌(huang)勝(sheng)跡(ji),不僅是促(cu)進民(min)(min)族團結,進啎愛國方義和歷史叭物(wu)主義教育生動的教科書(shu),而且了是國內外人士到大方縣旅游觀光、訪(fang)古(gu)覽勝(sheng)、參觀瞻仰的別具(ju)一(yi)格的人文景觀。

重點文物

奢(she)(she)(she)香(xiang)(xiang)翹楚水(shui)西,奄奄聲華(hua)(hua)夏,彪(biao)炳(bing)千(qian)秋,是(shi)我國歷史上(shang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)維護(hu)民族團結和國家(jia)統(tong)一(yi)(yi)建(jian)立(li)(li)(li)(li)了豐功(gong)偉(wei)績的(de)巾(jin)幗英雄。奢(she)(she)(she)香(xiang)(xiang)逝世(shi)600年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)來,其墓(mu)(mu)葬(zang)是(shi)幾經(jing)滄桑陵谷(gu)改,一(yi)(yi)抔黃士嗟猶(you)大;行人(ren)人(ren)憑吊荒煙(yan)籠,欲(yu)識原(yuan)告文(wen)(wen)(wen)掃蒼苔。清康煕(xi)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元1664年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))。平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)西王吳三桂率(lv)兵(bing)“剿水(shui)西”時,毀于(yu)(yu)兵(bing)燹。清道(dao)光十三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元1833年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))奢(she)(she)(she)香(xiang)(xiang)后裔安(an)淦辛以奢(she)(she)(she)香(xiang)(xiang)代(dai)夫(fu)襲職,開通九驛(yi),“勛垂竹帛,在(zai)國為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)功(gong)臣;守勵(li)冰霜,于(yu)(yu)家(jia)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)節婦”為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)由,稟文(wen)(wen)(wen)大定(ding)府(fu)(fu)請(qing)予修(xiu)葺“順德夫(fu)人(ren)祠墓(mu)(mu)”。當時大定(ding)府(fu)(fu)即予立(li)(li)(li)(li)案(an)(an),批文(wen)(wen)(wen)曰:“順德夫(fu)人(ren)以篤忠貞,志堅金(jin)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi);名(ming)垂竹帛,望重(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)(hua)夷。路通九驛(yi),鑿山(shan)著(zhu)磐石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)功(gong);坐鎮(zhen)百蠻,賜(si)姓(xing)奠苞桑葉(xie)之(zhi)固。實千(qian)古偉(wei)人(ren),幸一(yi)(yi)抔沿在(zai),宜加獎藉,以勵(li)精(jing)誠。”后由大定(ding)知府(fu)(fu)王緒(xu)昆、黔西知州(zhou)吳嵩(song)梁于(yu)(yu)道(dao)光十八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元1838年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))主持將(jiang)墓(mu)(mu)修(xiu)復為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)圍(wei)(wei)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)封土,另立(li)(li)(li)(li)面(mian)(mian)(mian)碑(bei)和墓(mu)(mu)志碑(bei),立(li)(li)(li)(li)“奢(she)(she)(she)香(xiang)(xiang)夫(fu)人(ren)故里”石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)標于(yu)(yu)墓(mu)(mu)側臥路旁。發國以來,由于(yu)(yu)未加管(guan)理,日久年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)湮,瀕(bin)于(yu)(yu)毀廢。1960年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),人(ren)民政府(fu)(fu)貫徹(che)發展(zhan)政策對(dui)(dui)奢(she)(she)(she)香(xiang)(xiang)的(de)歷史功(gong)績認真作出(chu)評價和肯定(ding),對(dui)(dui)奢(she)(she)(she)香(xiang)(xiang)墓(mu)(mu)進(jin)行了初(chu)步維修(xiu),并列為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)貴州(zhou)省級(ji)文(wen)(wen)(wen)物保(bao)護(hu)單位(wei)。到了20世(shi)紀80年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai),改革(ge)開放(fang)國家(jia)興(xing)旺、巾(jin)幗建(jian)功(gong),盛(sheng)世(shi)弘揚。1985年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)起,中(zhong)央和省、地(di)縣各級(ji)政府(fu)(fu)撥款修(xiu)葺奢(she)(she)(she)香(xiang)(xiang)墓(mu)(mu)。1988年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)元月,經(jing)國務(wu)院批準,奢(she)(she)(she)香(xiang)(xiang)墓(mu)(mu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)全國重(zhong)(zhong)點文(wen)(wen)(wen)物保(bao)護(hu)單位(wei)。修(xiu)葺后的(de)奢(she)(she)(she)香(xiang)(xiang)墓(mu)(mu),在(zai)規模和結構上(shang)恢復了原(yuan)貌(mao)。占地(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積2萬平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)。墓(mu)(mu)葬(zang)圍(wei)(wei)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)封土,高4.5米(mi)(mi)(mi),直徑6米(mi)(mi)(mi),圓(yuan)(yuan)圍(wei)(wei)18. 84米(mi)(mi)(mi);采用(yong)須彌座式,分(fen)9盤(pan)圍(wei)(wei)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)砌,每盤(pan)用(yong)36塊精(jing)料白石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)9的(de)4倍;第六圓(yuan)(yuan)圍(wei)(wei)是(shi)9板(ban)(ban)(ban)9柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)高浮雕,柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)上(shang)是(shi)虎(hu)頭紋構成的(de)圖案(an)(an)花紋,板(ban)(ban)(ban)上(shang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)9龍9虎(hu)變形圖;第九圓(yuan)(yuan)圍(wei)(wei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)瓦筒,72瓦當虎(hu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)浮雕組成。墓(mu)(mu)前依地(di)形筑砌兩(liang)道(dao)堡坎勞動力(li)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai),各高1.5米(mi)(mi)(mi);第一(yi)(yi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)長(chang)46.8米(mi)(mi)(mi),中(zhong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)9米(mi)(mi)(mi)寬(kuan)(kuan)的(de)9級(ji)踏(ta)云夢山(shan),踏(ta)垛(duo)左(zuo)右(you)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)120X60厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)欄(lan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)立(li)(li)(li)(li)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)浮雕各3塊,平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)左(zuo)右(you)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)36塊120X80厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)白石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)雙面(mian)(mian)(mian)虎(hu)頭紋圖案(an)(an)的(de)浮雕欄(lan)板(ban)(ban)(ban),和38根120X30厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)白石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)虎(hu)頭圓(yuan)(yuan)雕的(de)立(li)(li)(li)(li)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鑲嵌而成;第二平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)長(chang)23.4米(mi)(mi)(mi),中(zhong)仍為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)9級(ji)踏(ta)垛(duo),左(zuo)右(you)各安(an)欄(lan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)3塊,立(li)(li)(li)(li)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)3根,左(zuo)右(you)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)仍鑲嵌欄(lan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)18板(ban)(ban)(ban)塊,立(li)(li)(li)(li)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)20根。第一(yi)(yi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)中(zhong)軸(zhou)線上(shang)立(li)(li)(li)(li)墓(mu)(mu)碑(bei)1塊,高3.6米(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)1.45米(mi)(mi)(mi),碑(bei)面(mian)(mian)(mian)刻彝、漢文(wen)(wen)(wen)合璧(bi)的(de)“明(ming)順德夫(fu)人(ren)攝貴州(zhou)宣慰使奢(she)(she)(she)香(xiang)(xiang)墓(mu)(mu)”各14字,背(bei)面(mian)(mian)(mian)刻奢(she)(she)(she)香(xiang)(xiang)夫(fu)人(ren)贊》五言詩,共248字。第一(yi)(yi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)前,左(zuo)右(you)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)獅1對(dui)(dui),各高2.6米(mi)(mi)(mi);平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)前的(de)神道(dao)寬(kuan)(kuan)7米(mi)(mi)(mi),長(chang)70米(mi)(mi)(mi),立(li)(li)(li)(li)有華(hua)(hua)表(biao)1對(dui)(dui),全高6.4米(mi)(mi)(mi),華(hua)(hua)表(biao)下各為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)120X80厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)白石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)浮雕護(hu)礎(chu)立(li)(li)(li)(li)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)欄(lan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)16塊16柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),華(hua)(hua)表(biao)上(shang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)云鶴高浮雕,頂(ding)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)坐獸。墓(mu)(mu)地(di)四周為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)仿古馬前漢墻圈(quan)圍(wei)(wei)環(huan)護(hu),內有水(shui)池(chi)亭榭,石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)欄(lan)小(xiao)橋,花樹草坪,構成可供游息欣(xin)賞的(de)幽(you)雅(ya)環(huan)境。

墓主傳記

大(da)明(ming)(ming)順德夫(fu)人(ren)-奢(she)(she)(she)香(xiang)夫(fu)人(ren)傳(chuan)奢(she)(she)(she)香(xiang),彝(yi)名(ming)(ming)舍茲,生于(yu)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)順帝至正二十一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1361年(nian)(nian))、系(xi)(四(si)川藺州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou) )宣(xuan)(xuan)撫(fu)(fu)使(shi)(shi)、彝(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)恒部(bu)(bu)扯勒君(jun)(jun)(jun)長奢(she)(she)(she)氏(shi)之(zhi)女。明(ming)(ming)洪武(wu)八年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1375年(nian)(nian)),年(nian)(nian)方十四(si),嫁與(yu)貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)彝(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)默(mo)部(bu)(bu)水(shui)西(xi)(xi)(今大(da)方)君(jun)(jun)(jun)長、貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)宣(xuan)(xuan)慰(wei)(wei)使(shi)(shi)靄(ai)(ai)翠(cui)為妻(qi)。其夫(fu)靄(ai)(ai)翠(cui),彝(yi)名(ming)(ming)隴贊阿期,系(xi)貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)彝(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)默(mo)部(bu)(bu)德施氏(shi)勿阿納四(si)十六(liu)世(shi)孫,元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)末襲(xi)任順元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)宣(xuan)(xuan)撫(fu)(fu)使(shi)(shi),八番順元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)宣(xuan)(xuan)慰(wei)(wei)使(shi)(shi)加云南行(xing)省左丞。明(ming)(ming)太祖朱(zhu)(zhu)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)璋(zhang)滅(mie)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)后,在金陵(今南京)建(jian)立明(ming)(ming)王朝中(zhong)央政(zheng)(zheng)權,于(yu)明(ming)(ming)洪武(wu)四(si)年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1371年(nian)(nian))撤銷原(yuan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)建(jian)制(zhi),設貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)宣(xuan)(xuan)撫(fu)(fu)司。靄(ai)(ai)翠(cui)與(yu)水(shui)東的(de)(de)(de)(de)宋(song)(song)蒙古歹、普定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)女總管適爾等先后率部(bu)(bu)歸附(fu)明(ming)(ming)王朝。朱(zhu)(zhu)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)璋(zhang)皆"予以(yi)原(yuan)官世(shi)襲(xi)","賦稅聽其輸納"。以(yi)靄(ai)(ai)翠(cui)為貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)宣(xuan)(xuan)撫(fu)(fu)使(shi)(shi);宋(song)(song)蒙古歹為宣(xuan)(xuan)撫(fu)(fu)同(tong)(tong)知(zhi),并賜名(ming)(ming)曰(yue)"欽(qin)"。洪武(wu)六(liu)年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1373年(nian)(nian)),朱(zhu)(zhu)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)璋(zhang)鑒(jian)于(yu)靄(ai)(ai)翠(cui)統轄(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)西(xi)(xi)領地較廣,是控制(zhi)川滇(dian)黔(qian)邊(bian)境的(de)(de)(de)(de)戰(zhan)略要地,民族(zu)(zu)(zu)眾多,具(ju)有不屈(qu)不撓的(de)(de)(de)(de)反抗精(jing)神,兵力強大(da),行(xing)動統一(yi),其對西(xi)(xi)南政(zheng)(zheng)局的(de)(de)(de)(de)穩定(ding),具(ju)有舉足輕重的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響,于(yu)是下詔,"升貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)宣(xuan)(xuan)撫(fu)(fu)司為宣(xuan)(xuan)慰(wei)(wei)司,以(yi)靄(ai)(ai)翠(cui)為宣(xuan)(xuan)慰(wei)(wei)使(shi)(shi),宋(song)(song)欽(qin)為宣(xuan)(xuan)慰(wei)(wei)同(tong)(tong)知(zhi),令靄(ai)(ai)翠(cui)位各宣(xuan)(xuan)慰(wei)(wei)之(zhi)上,設治(zhi)所于(yu)貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)城內(nei)(今貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)陽)"。奢(she)(she)(she)香(xiang)自幼(you)聰(cong)明(ming)(ming)能(neng)干,好(hao)學深思(si),婚后成為靄(ai)(ai)翠(cui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)助,經常輔佐丈夫(fu)處理宣(xuan)(xuan)慰(wei)(wei)司的(de)(de)(de)(de)許多政(zheng)(zheng)事。在與(yu)丈夫(fu)共同(tong)(tong)生活的(de)(de)(de)(de)過程中(zhong),奢(she)(she)(she)香(xiang)逐步增長了攝政(zheng)(zheng)理事的(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)才能(neng),以(yi)賢能(neng)聞名(ming)(ming)水(shui)西(xi)(xi)各部(bu)(bu),受到族(zu)(zu)(zu)人(ren)愛戴、尊稱為苴慕,即君(jun)(jun)(jun)長之(zhi)意。洪武(wu)十四(si)年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1381年(nian)(nian))水(shui)東的(de)(de)(de)(de)宋(song)(song)欽(qin)死去(qu),由其妻(qi)劉淑貞(zhen)代(dai)襲(xi)宣(xuan)(xuan)慰(wei)(wei)同(tong)(tong)知(zhi)一(yi)職。同(tong)(tong)年(nian)(nian),靄(ai)(ai)翠(cui)病逝(shi)。由于(yu)子(zi)尚年(nian)(nian)幼(you),不能(neng)承襲(xi)父職,奢(she)(she)(she)香(xiang)毅然克忍居孀(shuang)撫(fu)(fu)孤之(zhi)痛,代(dai)襲(xi)貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)省宣(xuan)(xuan)慰(wei)(wei)使(shi)(shi)職。

奢香襲職攝政(zheng)后,正值明王(wang)朝揭開消滅故(gu)元(yuan)(yuan)梁(liang)王(wang)政(zheng)權,統一云南(nan)之戰的(de)帷幕。盤踞在云南(nan)的(de)割據勢力主要(yao)有故(gu)元(yuan)(yuan)梁(liang)王(wang)和土(tu)酋段氏(shi)。梁(liang)王(wang)巴(ba)匝(za)刺瓦爾密以昆明為其統治(zhi)中(zhong)心(xin),在明王(wang)朝建立(li)后,仍奉元(yuan)(yuan)朝正朔(shuo),服從(cong)退據蒙古沙漠的(de)元(yuan)(yuan)朝殘(can)余勢力的(de)命令。土(tu)酋段氏(shi)控制著大理一帶,雖然直屬(shu)北元(yuan)(yuan)政(zheng)府管轄,但處于半獨立(li)狀態。

洪武十四年九月,明(ming)太祖(zu)朱元(yuan)(yuan)璋命潁川侯(hou)傅友(you)德(de)為(wei)(wei)征南(nan)將(jiang)(jiang)軍,永昌侯(hou)藍玉(yu)為(wei)(wei)左副(fu)將(jiang)(jiang)軍,西平(ping)侯(hou)沐英(ying)為(wei)(wei)右副(fu)將(jiang)(jiang)軍,率師30萬人,從四川、湖南(nan)兵分兩路,經(jing)貴州南(nan)征云(yun)(yun)南(nan)。盤踞在(zai)云(yun)(yun)南(nan)的元(yuan)(yuan)蒙割據(ju)勢力視云(yun)(yun)、貴、川三省(sheng)交界處的黔(qian)西北為(wei)(wei)軍事重(zhong)地(di),暗中與(yu)這一(yi)帶的土(tu)酋相勾結(jie),企圖屯兵固(gu)守,阻止明(ming)軍征討(tao)。奢香審時度勢,以(yi)國家統一(yi)為(wei)(wei)重(zhong),堅持不(bu)卷入使(shi)西南(nan)分裂割據(ju)的旋渦(wo),積極讓(rang)明(ming)軍在(zai)水(shui)西境(jing)內安營扎寨,主動貢馬、獻糧、通道,支持明(ming)軍經(jing)貴州進(jin)伐云(yun)(yun)南(nan)。再是(shi)憑借水(shui)西與(yu)西南(nan)彝族各部的宗族姻親關系,親自出訪烏撒(sa)(今威寧)、芒(mang)部(今云(yun)(yun)南(nan)鎮(zhen)雄)等地(di),向諸土(tu)酋宣以(yi)大(da)義,曉以(yi)利(li)害,進(jin)行勸說(shuo)開(kai)導,從而使(shi)割據(ju)勢力失(shi)去支持。明(ming)軍順(shun)利(li)進(jin)入云(yun)(yun)南(nan),一(yi)舉(ju)消滅元(yuan)(yuan)守軍,梁王自縊而死;再又揮師攻(gong)克(ke)大(da)理(li),土(tu)酋段氏就擒,從此(ci)結(jie)束(shu)云(yun)(yun)南(nan)割據(ju)勢力的統治(zhi),使(shi)明(ming)王朝實現了對西南(nan)邊陲(chui)的統一(yi),奢香為(wei)(wei)國家的統一(yi),作出了重(zhong)要的貢獻。

洪武(wu)十(shi)六年(公元(yuan)1383年),明(ming)王朝(chao)派駐貴(gui)(gui)州(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)封疆大吏--都指揮使(shi)(shi)馬(ma)(ma)曄(ye)(ye),執大漢族(zu)(zu)主(zhu)義偏(pian)見,視(shi)奢(she)(she)香(xiang)為(wei)"鬼(gui)方(fang)蠻女",對其(qi)攝貴(gui)(gui)州(zhou)(zhou)宣(xuan)慰使(shi)(shi)職政績卓(zhuo)著,忌(ji)恨不(bu)(bu)滿;好事(shi)貪功(gong)(gong),企圖以(yi)打擊彝族(zu)(zu)各(ge)部頭領(ling)為(wei)突破(po)口,一舉(ju)消滅貴(gui)(gui)州(zhou)(zhou)少(shao)數(shu)民(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)地(di)方(fang)勢力,"代以(yi)流官"、"郡縣其(qi)地(di)",達到(dao)邀功(gong)(gong)朝(chao)廷,專(zhuan)橫貴(gui)(gui)州(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)。因(yin)水西奢(she)(she)香(xiang)力量(liang)(liang)最強,就把矛頭對準奢(she)(she)香(xiang)。為(wei)此馬(ma)(ma)曄(ye)(ye)作了(le)充分(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)(de)武(wu)裝(zhuang)準備,等待(dai)機(ji)(ji)會。是時,有(you)人污蔑奢(she)(she)香(xiang),馬(ma)(ma)曄(ye)(ye)即借機(ji)(ji)將(jiang)奢(she)(she)香(xiang)抓(zhua)到(dao)貴(gui)(gui)陽(yang),用彝族(zu)(zu)最忌(ji)諱的(de)(de)(de)侮(wu)辱(ru)人格的(de)(de)(de)手段(duan)"叱壯士裸(luo)香(xiang)衣(yi)而笞其(qi)背"。以(yi)為(wei)如此激怒奢(she)(she)香(xiang),擴(kuo)大事(shi)態、就可(ke)趁(chen)機(ji)(ji)出兵,大動(dong)干(gan)戈。奢(she)(she)香(xiang)無辜受到(dao)辱(ru)撻,極為(wei)忿怒,折斷所佩革帶(dai)。與宣(xuan)慰同(tong)知劉淑貞"走訴京師(shi)",朱元(yuan)璋下定決心召回(hui)馬(ma)(ma)曄(ye)(ye),定以(yi)"開邊釁,擅辱(ru)命婦"之罪,將(jiang)其(qi)下獄(yu)。然(ran)(ran)后賞賜奢(she)(she)香(xiang)金銀和絲織(zhi)品等物"遣(qian)之歸","命所過有(you)司(si),皆陳兵耀之"。臨行,馬(ma)(ma)皇后又在御(yu)花園設宴款待(dai)奢(she)(she)香(xiang),鄭重餞別,奢(she)(she)香(xiang)在同(tong)馬(ma)(ma)曄(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)較量(liang)(liang)中,"居然(ran)(ran)巾幗(guo)丈夫雄",終(zhong)于兵不(bu)(bu)血刃,洗雪撻辱(ru),金殿勝訴,揚眉(mei)吐氣。她的(de)(de)(de)勝利,客觀上起(qi)到(dao)了(le)反(fan)對分(fen)(fen)裂,消弭戰亂,維護了(le)民(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)團結和國家統一的(de)(de)(de)進(jin)步(bu)作用。

奢香(xiang)回到(dao)貴(gui)州(zhou)后,一面(mian)宣揚朝廷(ting)的(de)威(wei)德,使"諸羅大(da)感(gan)服",人心(xin)安定;一面(mian)履行諾(nuo)言,刊山通(tong)道。在(zai)洪荒草昧,"羊腸(chang)險惡無人通(tong)",雪棧云(yun)林,"落(luo)落(luo)千秋無通(tong)款(kuan)"的(de)貴(gui)州(zhou)高(gao)原,奢香(xiang)親(qin)率各部,組織(zhi)投入巨(ju)大(da)的(de)人力物力,"披(pi)荊斬枳剪(jian)蒿萊","鑿山刊木穿蒙(meng)茸(rong)",開辟出以偏(pian)橋(今(jin)(jin)(jin)施秉縣境)為中心(xin)的(de)兩條驛(yi)道:一條向(xiang)西(xi)(xi)經水(shui)東(今(jin)(jin)(jin)貴(gui)陽東北)過烏撒(sa)(今(jin)(jin)(jin)威(wei)寧)達烏蒙(meng)(今(jin)(jin)(jin)云(yun)南昭(zhao)通(tong));一條向(xiang)北經草塘(今(jin)(jin)(jin)修文縣內(nei))、陸(lu)廣(今(jin)(jin)(jin)修文六廣)、谷(gu)里(今(jin)(jin)(jin)黔西(xi)(xi)谷(gu)里)、水(shui)西(xi)(xi)(今(jin)(jin)(jin)黔西(xi)(xi)城關)、奢香(xiang)(今(jin)(jin)(jin)大(da)方大(da)渡河(he)橋西(xi)(xi)北)、閣鴉(ya)(ya)(今(jin)(jin)(jin)大(da)方響水(shui)小閣鴉(ya)(ya))、歸化(今(jin)(jin)(jin)大(da)方雙山歸化)、畢節(今(jin)(jin)(jin)畢節二(er)鋪)等(deng)九驛(yi)(龍(long)場(chang)驛(yi)為首,故稱"龍(long)場(chang)九驛(yi)"),歲貢馬匹和廩積。

"鬼國山河改,皇華驛路存";"九驛郵初(chu)置(zhi),三巴路已通(tong)(tong)"。奢(she)(she)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)主(zhu)持開(kai)(kai)辟的(de)驛道(dao)(dao),成為(wei)縱橫(heng)貴(gui)州(zhou)(zhou)以達云南(nan)、四川(chuan)、湖南(nan)邊境(jing)的(de)交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)要道(dao)(dao),改變了(le)貴(gui)州(zhou)(zhou)險(xian)阻閉塞"夜郎自大"的(de)狀況,溝通(tong)(tong)了(le)邊疆與中原(yuan)內地(di)(di)(di)(di)在政(zheng)治、經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)和(he)文化(hua)上(shang)的(de)聯(lian)系(xi),增進了(le)漢(han)民(min)(min)(min)族與西(xi)南(nan)各兄弟民(min)(min)(min)族的(de)交(jiao)流,促進了(le)貴(gui)州(zhou)(zhou)的(de)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)和(he)社會進步。"龍場九驛"成為(wei)奢(she)(she)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)為(wei)國為(wei)民(min)(min)(min)建樹煌(huang)煌(huang)業績中的(de)一座豐碑(bei)。明(ming)王(wang)朝(chao)亦把奢(she)(she)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)當作(zuo)巾幗功臣(chen)。明(ming)太祖(zu)朱元璋(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)曾這(zhe)樣稱道(dao)(dao):"奢(she)(she)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)歸(gui)附,勝(sheng)得(de)十(shi)(shi)萬雄兵!"  "九驛路開(kai)(kai)山失險(xian)","自是(shi)大道(dao)(dao)通(tong)(tong)而西(xi)南(nan)益辟"。從此之后(hou),奢(she)(she)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)多次(ci)到(dao)金(jin)陵,通(tong)(tong)過朝(chao)覲、稟(bing)呈政(zheng)務、輸賦、進貢地(di)(di)(di)(di)方物產(chan)和(he)馬(ma)匹等活動,使貴(gui)州(zhou)(zhou)和(he)明(ming)王(wang)朝(chao)中央政(zheng)權的(de)關系(xi)更(geng)加密切起來。"每歲(sui)貢獻(xian)不絕。報施之隆亦非他土司所(suo)敢望"。通(tong)(tong)過廣泛(fan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)接觸(chu)漢(han)族地(di)(di)(di)(di)區文化(hua)。奢(she)(she)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)開(kai)(kai)闊了(le)眼界,深感貴(gui)州(zhou)(zhou)遠在邊陲,貧困落后(hou),決心"躬親倡文明(ming)"。奢(she)(she)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)攝職(zhi)期間,多方接識中原(yuan)內地(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)才(cai)人學(xue)士,聘迎漢(han)儒到(dao)貴(gui)州(zhou)(zhou)興辦宣慰司學(xue),傳播漢(han)文化(hua);招來能工巧(qiao)匠,傳授先進的(de)耕織(zhi)技術,開(kai)(kai)置(zhi)農(nong)田(tian),發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)生產(chan);倡導彝漢(han)融(rong)和(he),安居(ju)樂業。洪(hong)武(wu)二十(shi)(shi)三年(nian)(nian)(公元1390年(nian)(nian))奢(she)(she)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)將(jiang)長(chang)大成人的(de)獨子阿期隴的(de)派到(dao)金(jin)陵,請入京師太學(xue)讀書,明(ming)太祖(zu)朱元璋(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)特下詔"諭國子監官,善為(wei)訓教,庶不負遠人慕(mu)學(xue)之心"。洪(hong)武(wu)二十(shi)(shi)五年(nian)(nian)(公元1392年(nian)(nian))阿期隴的(de)學(xue)成而歸(gui),朱元璋(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)賜(si)與三品朝(chao)服并(bing)襲衣、金(jin)帶(dai)等,并(bing)欽賜(si)姓(xing)"安",漢(han)名亦叫安的(de)。同年(nian)(nian)十(shi)(shi)月,奢(she)(she)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)派遣(qian)子媳奢(she)(she)助及把事頭(tou)目允(yun)則隴,帶(dai)上(shang)被朱元璋(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)賜(si)名曰"飛越峰"的(de)水(shui)(shui)西(xi)名馬(ma)60匹入朝(chao)獻(xian)恩(en)。經(jing)(jing)過奢(she)(she)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的(de)勤政(zheng)治理,苦心經(jing)(jing)營,使莽莽黔山彝嶺(ling)的(de)水(shui)(shui)西(xi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)區,社會安定,民(min)(min)(min)族和(he)睦相(xiang)處,經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan),文明(ming)氣象日(ri)昌。

洪武二十九年(公元(yuan)1396年),年僅35歲的奢香不幸病逝。明(ming)太(tai)祖朱元(yuan)璋特(te)派使臣(chen)到水西,參加奢香的葬(zang)禮(li),加謚奢香為"大(da)明(ming)順(shun)德夫人"。

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