基本信息
石牌(pai)坊記載(zai)著小(xiao)鎮(zhen)的(de)(de)悠悠往事,更以(yi)其美觀的(de)(de)造型、精細(xi)的(de)(de)雕琢、巧妙(miao)的(de)(de)結構聲名遠揚。
魯屯牌坊(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)原有(you)四(si)座(zuo),現存其三(san),均(jun)(jun)(jun)為(wei)(wei)四(si)柱(zhu)三(san)間(jian)(jian)五樓式(shi)結構(gou)。位于魯屯街中(zhong)(zhong)岔(cha)路口的(de)黃氏坊(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)為(wei)(wei)精致絕妙。此坊(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)建于清道光年(nian)間(jian)(jian),高(gao)(gao)、寬均(jun)(jun)(jun)為(wei)(wei)7米(mi)(mi),鉚榫(sun)結構(gou),牢而堅固(gu)。坊(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)底為(wei)(wei)束腰(yao)須(xu)彌座(zuo),四(si)柱(zhu)立(li)于須(xu)彌座(zuo)上(shang)。8根(gen)八棱方柱(zhu),均(jun)(jun)(jun)用(yong)完(wan)整(zheng)的(de)石料加工(gong)而成。四(si)柱(zhu)各面均(jun)(jun)(jun)陰(yin)刻有(you)楹聯(lian)(lian),文字對(dui)仗工(gong)整(zheng),書(shu)體(ti)楷隸(li)兼有(you),刻藝細致洗練,尤(you)以明間(jian)(jian)中(zhong)(zhong)柱(zhu)楷書(shu)題(ti)聯(lian)(lian),堪稱對(dui)聯(lian)(lian)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)佳作,上(shang)聯(lian)(lian)為(wei)(wei):"白馬山高(gao)(gao)尉為(wei)(wei)竹箭松心(xin)節錯(cuo)根(gen)盤光日月";下聯(lian)(lian)為(wei)(wei):"青塘水(shui)凈濯出(chu)冰(bing)肌(ji)玉骨(gu)懷芳履(lv)潔被恩蒙"。落(luo)款為(wei)(wei):"原任(ren)廣西(xi)永安(an)知州誥授(shou)奉直上(shang)大夫愚表叔王秉心(xin)拜題(ti)"。四(si)柱(zhu)護耳(er)(er)均(jun)(jun)(jun)系伏(fu)(fu)獅抱鼓(gu)式(shi),耳(er)(er)高(gao)(gao)1.42米(mi)(mi),鼓(gu)厚0.22米(mi)(mi),鼓(gu)面徑0.65米(mi)(mi),分(fen)別(bie)浮雕(diao)荷(he)花、鐘鹿、松虎、鹿鶴等圖案18幅,構(gou)圖新穎,想象豐富,造(zao)型(xing)生動(dong)栩(xu)栩(xu)如生。獅子系伏(fu)(fu)臥狀,昂(ang)首(shou)翹尾(wei)。護耳(er)(er),蹬石,浮雕(diao)四(si)季花草,如見(jian)草動(dong),如聞花香。正樓中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)牌匾(bian)長2.5米(mi)(mi),上(shang)楷書(shu)陰(yin)刻:"志同(tong)冰(bing)質"字,每字30公分(fen)見(jian)方。刻藝精湛,鋒勁秀(xiu)雅。次樓牌匾(bian)左刻"金鸞(luan)芳美(mei)",右(you)刻"彤管流(liu)芳",陰(yin)刻楷書(shu),工(gong)整(zheng)建秀(xiu),刻藝嫻熟(shu)。明間(jian)(jian)橫梁上(shang)透雕(diao)二(er)龍(long)戲珠,兩(liang)龍(long)似在翻卷的(de)彩云中(zhong)(zhong)騰躍(yue)穿梭。正樓平板坊(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)上(shang)立(li)有(you)兩(liang)根(gen)高(gao)(gao)拱柱(zhu),當中(zhong)(zhong)豎匾(bian)刻"圣旨"2字,牌帶為(wei)(wei)半透雕(diao)雙(shuang)龍(long)抱柱(zhu),牌首(shou)為(wei)(wei)半透雕(diao)"獸面人(ren)首(shou)"圖,形似蝙蝠(fu)伏(fu)(fu)臥,雙(shuang)手(shou)撐蓮。構(gou)思之巧(qiao),使人(ren)拍(pai)案叫絕。次樓平板坊(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)上(shang)亦立(li)有(you)高(gao)(gao)拱柱(zhu),此柱(zhu)與中(zhong)(zhong)柱(zhu)間(jian)(jian),嵌有(you)透雕(diao)"金蟾(chan)吐絲"形花窗。坊(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)頂翼角起(qi)翹、鴟吻(wen)含寶,形似立(li)尾(wei)鰲(ao)魚(yu)含珠,使整(zheng)座(zuo)牌坊(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)和諧統(tong)一(yi)(yi),雄渾敦厚。正脊(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)寶瓶上(shang)雕(diao)有(you)壽字型(xing)花飾,說明此坊(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)系百(bai)歲坊(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)一(yi)(yi)類。整(zheng)座(zuo)牌坊(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)的(de)造(zao)型(xing)、結構(gou)、工(gong)藝、圖案之巧(qiao),充分(fen)體(ti)現了(le)勞動(dong)人(ren)民的(de)智(zhi)慧和才(cai)能,實為(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)件精美(mei)的(de)古建藝術珍品(pin)。
兩(liang)座(zuo)李氏坊(fang)(fang),一(yi)(yi)(yi)前一(yi)(yi)(yi)后,緊緊相鄰,挺立在魯屯街口半月池側。規模、造型、格(ge)調(diao)與(yu)黃氏坊(fang)(fang)略同,唯題刻內容(rong)有(you)異,前一(yi)(yi)(yi)座(zuo)正(zheng)頂透(tou)(tou)雕"萬"字形圖案,后一(yi)(yi)(yi)座(zuo)正(zheng)頂和黃氏坊(fang)(fang)雕飾(shi)相仿;二樓檐下(xia)的花窗,一(yi)(yi)(yi)是透(tou)(tou)雕"二龍舞云",一(yi)(yi)(yi)是透(tou)(tou)雕"丹風朝陽"。另花板(ban)紋樣及局部裝飾(shi)也稍有(you)差異。
建設年代
據(ju)民國《興義縣志》稿(gao)載:"武生李汝之母呂氏(shi),善事舅(jiu)(jiu)姑。清嘉慶二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)苗變,舉(ju)家(jia)攻苗不(bu)克,舅(jiu)(jiu)姑失所(suo)在。事靖還家(jia),朝夕(xi)尋覓,痛不(bu)欲生。夜夢人告知(zhi)所(suo)在,時得(de)二(er)親(qin)尸(shi),舁以歸葬。道(dao)光(guang)(guang)十五,請旌建坊。呂氏(shi)守節(jie)70余(yu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)百有(you)二(er),子孫皆列繆癢。前興郡知(zhi)府仇效忠為題坊聯,李氏(shi)一坊當屬"貞節(jie)坊",李氏(shi)另一坊上有(you)"壬午(wu)科舉(ju)人揀選知(zhi)縣世愚侄(zhi)高發奎(kui)頓拜"的楹聯落款。兩坊分別建于(yu)清道(dao)光(guang)(guang)二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公元1822年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))和(he)道(dao)光(guang)(guang)十五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公元1835年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))。