鳳山關帝廟(miao)位于豐寧(ning)滿族自治縣鳳山鎮。始建(jian)(jian)清雍正(zheng)17年(nian)(1729年(nian)),后經乾隆、嘉慶兩代擴(kuo)建(jian)(jian),形成(cheng)了正(zheng)殿(dian)、配殿(dian)、禪房、鐘(zhong)鼓(gu)樓、牌樓等古建(jian)(jian)群。
關帝廟,亦稱為“關圣(sheng)寺(si)”,與鳳山戲(xi)樓在同一中軸線上,同為一組建筑(zhu)群體(ti)。寺(si)院南北長62米(mi)(mi),東西寬27米(mi)(mi),占地1674平方米(mi)(mi)。
磚石木結構、條石臺基、歇山(shan)券棚頂。建筑(zhu)雄渾(hun)壯偉,結構新穎,裝(zhuang)飾華(hua)麗,構思(si)奇(qi)妙,建筑(zhu)技藝(yi)高超,集書法(fa)、繪畫(hua)與(yu)建筑(zhu)藝(yi)術為一體(ti)。鳳山(shan)關帝(di)廟雖(sui)歷(li)經270多年滄(cang)海桑(sang)田的(de)變遷和塞外大地的(de)風風雨雨,但在豐(feng)寧文保及(ji)相關部(bu)門大力搶(qiang)救維修下(xia),依然巍然矗立,訴(su)說著的(de)歷(li)史滄(cang)桑(sang)。鳳山(shan)關帝(di)廟及(ji)戲樓古(gu)建筑(zhu)群于1982年被列(lie)入(ru)河北省重點文物(wu)保護單位。
廟前有(you)一對(dui)石獅(shi),左(zuo)雌右雄(xiong),石獅(shi)兩側(ce)有(you)兩根高大旗桿,夾(jia)在石制的旗桿座內(nei)。殿(dian)(dian)內(nei)兩側(ce)欄(lan)桿內(nei)分置泥塑馬和馬童,其高與真人等同。過(guo)馬殿(dian)(dian)兩側(ce)為廟的院(yuan)墻(qiang)(qiang)。寺院(yuan)墻(qiang)(qiang)與東(dong)西(xi)鐘樓(lou)、鼓樓(lou)相接。經(jing)過(guo)過(guo)馬殿(dian)(dian)即入(ru)寺院(yuan)。院(yuan)內(nei)青磚鋪地,中間甬路通往大殿(dian)(dian)和兩側(ce)配殿(dian)(dian)。甬路正中有(you)鼎式香爐一尊。東(dong)西(xi)兩廂(xiang)各有(you)配殿(dian)(dian)和僧房。
正殿(dian)臺(tai)基呈凸字形(xing)。條石臺(tai)基,用柱28根,前有(you)抱(bao)廈三間。
正面(mian)主梁與(yu)副梁之間無枋額,每間分別用三(san)組一斗交麻(ma)葉(xie)(xie)頭(tou),各麻(ma)葉(xie)(xie)頭(tou)中間均(jun)飾(shi)象鼻(bi),每柱(zhu)均(jun)有柱(zhu)頭(tou)斗拱。
門額(e)(e)(e)鏤(lou)雕二云龍戲珠,東西間棱窗下各飾(shi)藩草雀替(ti)。臺基正中(zhong)有(you)垂帶踏垛三級。抱廈后大殿(dian)為硬(ying)山玉帶脊,脊正中(zhong)裝(zhuang)飾(shi)鎏金寶頂一(yi)尊。整個(ge)殿(dian)頂為黃綠兩色琉璃瓦。殿(dian)內門額(e)(e)(e)高懸巨幅額(e)(e)(e)匾(bian)(bian),咸豐帝御書“萬世人極”。殿(dian)內收藏匾(bian)(bian)額(e)(e)(e)近百(bai)方,均(jun)出自清(qing)末民(min)初名人巨宦(huan)之手。正殿(dian)供關(羽)公塑像(xiang),高5米(mi),右有(you)周倉,左(zuo)為關平。
鳳山關帝廟及戲樓古建筑群規(gui)模雄(xiong)渾壯偉,結構新穎,裝飾華麗,技(ji)藝高超,構思奇妙,集建筑、雕刻、書法、繪畫為一體,是(shi)河北(bei)省古代建筑藝術的精(jing)華,堪稱建筑技(ji)術上的精(jing)英之作(zuo)。
自古就有很(hen)多(duo)關(guan)于關(guan)帝廟以及(ji)關(guan)公的(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)說,關(guan)二(er)爺的(de)(de)驍勇(yong)善(shan)戰、忠義在人們的(de)(de)心中留下了深刻(ke)的(de)(de)印象。采訪中,當地的(de)(de)老鄉就和記者講起了有關(guan)關(guan)帝廟的(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)奇故事。
傳說(shuo)明(ming)朝(chao)末年,有位(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)御(yu)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),為人精明(ming)能干(gan),剛(gang)正不(bu)阿(a),深(shen)得(de)(de)圣上賞(shang)(shang)識。當(dang)時位(wei)列(lie)九千歲的(de)魏(wei)忠(zhong)賢(xian)懷恨在心(xin)(xin),老(lao)想(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)著找(zhao)機(ji)會(hui)(hui)除掉這(zhe)眼中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)釘肉(rou)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)刺。機(ji)會(hui)(hui)終(zhong)于來了(le)(le)(le),南(nan)方叛(pan)(pan)亂(luan),叛(pan)(pan)軍連克數城,威脅(xie)京(jing)師,魏(wei)忠(zhong)賢(xian)馬上舉薦位(wei)置(zhi)高的(de)王(wang)(wang)(wang)御(yu)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)領(ling)兵(bing)(bing)平(ping)(ping)叛(pan)(pan),皇帝立即準奏,封王(wang)(wang)(wang)御(yu)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為平(ping)(ping)叛(pan)(pan)大元(yuan)帥,王(wang)(wang)(wang)御(yu)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)嚇得(de)(de)出了(le)(le)(le)一(yi)身(shen)冷(leng)汗,文官(guan)啊,哪(na)會(hui)(hui)領(ling)兵(bing)(bing)布陣呀,不(bu)明(ming)擺著是害人嗎,不(bu)去吧,是抗旨,該殺(sha),去吧,就得(de)(de)被叛(pan)(pan)軍所殺(sha),就是不(bu)被殺(sha),戰(zhan)敗回朝(chao)也得(de)(de)被皇帝殺(sha)。無論如(ru)何(he)都是死,王(wang)(wang)(wang)御(yu)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)牙一(yi)咬(yao),就去吧,反正得(de)(de)死,就死在戰(zhan)場(chang)(chang)吧,于是就帶兵(bing)(bing)到(dao)了(le)(le)(le)南(nan)方,立即接(jie)了(le)(le)(le)叛(pan)(pan)軍下(xia)的(de)戰(zhan)表,明(ming)日(ri)決戰(zhan)。當(dang)晚,王(wang)(wang)(wang)御(yu)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)擺香案向北(bei)方跪(gui)拜,想(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)想(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)自己十年寒窗,三榜高中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),自入仕以來,兢兢業業,為社稷為百(bai)姓(xing),竟(jing)(jing)然(ran)(ran)落了(le)(le)(le)這(zhe)個(ge)下(xia)場(chang)(chang),越想(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)越傷心(xin)(xin),竟(jing)(jing)然(ran)(ran)號啕大哭:別了(le)(le)(le)老(lao)父母,是兒不(bu)孝。也不(bu)知過了(le)(le)(le)多久,御(yu)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)恍惚間(jian)(jian)蒙蒙睡(shui)在香案旁(pang)。突然(ran)(ran),一(yi)位(wei)紅臉大將飄(piao)然(ran)(ran)而(er)至,胯下(xia)赤兔馬,丹(dan)鳳眼,臥蠶眉,濃(nong)黑的(de)長須飄(piao)然(ran)(ran)胸前,喝(he)曰:“羽(yu)痛恨奸賊,莫怕(pa),保你功成,明(ming)日(ri)午時三刻點兵(bing)(bing),可也。”言罷飄(piao)然(ran)(ran)而(er)去。王(wang)(wang)(wang)御(yu)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)猛然(ran)(ran)驚醒,夢中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)情(qing)形歷歷在目(mu),羽(yu)?難道是大漢關(guan)(guan)羽(yu)托夢....?御(yu)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)將信(xin)將疑。第二天(tian)(tian)(tian)午時三刻兩(liang)陣官(guan)兵(bing)(bing)剛(gang)剛(gang)開戰(zhan),突然(ran)(ran),晴天(tian)(tian)(tian)一(yi)聲霹雷,關(guan)(guan)公親率關(guan)(guan)平(ping)(ping)、周倉等天(tian)(tian)(tian)兵(bing)(bing)從天(tian)(tian)(tian)而(er)降,只見關(guan)(guan)公的(de)青龍大刀舞若游龍,剎那(nei)間(jian)(jian)天(tian)(tian)(tian)昏地暗,人頭紛(fen)落,血流成河,叛(pan)(pan)軍聞風(feng)喪膽,一(yi)炷香的(de)功夫叛(pan)(pan)軍全軍覆(fu)沒。于是,王(wang)(wang)(wang)御(yu)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)便得(de)(de)勝(sheng)回朝(chao),雖然(ran)(ran)魏(wei)忠(zhong)賢(xian)百(bai)般(ban)阻(zu)撓,皇帝還是嘉賞(shang)(shang)了(le)(le)(le)王(wang)(wang)(wang)御(yu)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),并官(guan)升一(yi)級。
王御(yu)史回府后的第一(yi)(yi)件事就(jiu)是焚香祈求關(guan)(guan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)再顯(xian)(xian)一(yi)(yi)次靈,以便畫(hua)(hua)像(xiang)(xiang)建廟(miao),永(yong)奉香火,來報答再生之恩(en)。當(dang)晚關(guan)(guan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)還真(zhen)就(jiu)托夢(meng)給御(yu)史曰:“明晚子(zi)(zi)時(shi)相(xiang)見。”御(yu)史立即找來好的畫(hua)(hua)師(shi),讓他隱于屋內,從窗(chuang)靈縫里觀看。第二(er)天子(zi)(zi)時(shi),一(yi)(yi)聲霹靂,關(guan)(guan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)果(guo)然(ran)顯(xian)(xian)了(le)靈,而畫(hua)(hua)師(shi)卻多了(le)個心眼(yan),只(zhi)(zhi)用了(le)一(yi)(yi)只(zhi)(zhi)眼(yan)看關(guan)(guan)公(gong)(gong)(gong),因(yin)為畫(hua)(hua)師(shi)知(zhi)道“關(guan)(guan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)乃正神,看了(le)他要(yao)瞎眼(yan)的”,第二(er)天畫(hua)(hua)師(shi)果(guo)然(ran)就(jiu)瞎了(le)一(yi)(yi)只(zhi)(zhi)眼(yan),由于畫(hua)(hua)師(shi)只(zhi)(zhi)用了(le)一(yi)(yi)只(zhi)(zhi)眼(yan)看關(guan)(guan)公(gong)(gong)(gong),畫(hua)(hua)出像(xiang)(xiang)來就(jiu)當(dang)然(ran)只(zhi)(zhi)有七分像(xiang)(xiang),御(yu)史就(jiu)命人按(an)這七分像(xiang)(xiang)的畫(hua)(hua)像(xiang)(xiang)塑了(le)關(guan)(guan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)的金身(shen)。就(jiu)是現在關(guan)(guan)帝廟(miao)的關(guan)(guan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)形象。民間傳(chuan)說(shuo):天下關(guan)(guan)帝廟(miao)的關(guan)(guan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)七分像(xiang)(xiang),就(jiu)是這個原由。
光(guang)緒十一年(nian)(1885年(nian)),曾頒(ban)發“與(yu)天(tian)地參(can)”匾額懸掛在牌樓中央,它(ta)是長城(cheng)以北(bei)(bei)較(jiao)大的廟院。解放前,每年(nian)的農歷(li)五月十三廟會,每次(ci)歷(li)時一個(ge)月,全國各地的商戶(hu)在此匯集,成為塞北(bei)(bei)的盛事。
鳳山關帝廟(miao)歷經270多年風雨滄(cang)桑,殿樓嚴(yan)重漏雨、歪斜,加之歷史人為因素,整個廟(miao)宇群遭受嚴(yan)重損害,破敗不堪。
據了(le)(le)解(jie),關帝廟(miao)維(wei)修(xiu)工程現已總(zong)投(tou)入(ru)資金35.5萬(wan)元(yuan),其中該縣文體局投(tou)資9萬(wan)元(yuan)。經過(guo)(guo)8個月的施工,搶修(xiu)了(le)(le)正殿(dian)(dian)、配殿(dian)(dian)、鐘鼓(gu)二(er)樓,復建了(le)(le)過(guo)(guo)馬殿(dian)(dian)、院(yuan)墻,塑(su)出(chu)關帝等雕像,矗立起(qi)旗桿,整修(xiu)了(le)(le)院(yuan)落(luo),清除(chu)多年積淀的垃(la)圾,使(shi)古廟(miao)群恢復了(le)(le)原(yuan)貌,修(xiu)復一新的關帝廟(miao)將恢復廟(miao)會。