遺址結構
新(xin)發現的龍(long)山(shan)(shan)文化城(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)位于(yu)西(xi)金城(cheng)(cheng)村(cun)中(zhong)(zhong)東(dong)(dong)部,城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)位于(yu)地(di)表1.5米(mi)以(yi)下,殘高2~3米(mi);城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)寬在10~25米(mi)之間,系用較純凈的褐色(se)生土(tu)拍打筑成(cheng)。西(xi)、南墻(qiang)(qiang)中(zhong)(zhong)部可能有城(cheng)(cheng)門,北、東(dong)(dong)、南墻(qiang)(qiang)外側發現有小河(he)或(huo)排水溝環繞形成(cheng)的防御壕溝。從城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)及壕溝出(chu)土(tu)陶片判斷,該城(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)應始建于(yu)河(he)南龍(long)山(shan)(shan)文化中(zhong)(zhong)期(qi),進入龍(long)山(shan)(shan)晚期(qi)已經廢棄(qi),距今4300年前后。
2008年(nian)1月26日《大河(he)報》報道在(zai)(zai)博(bo)愛縣發(fa)掘(jue)了西金城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻埋于(yu)(yu)地(di)下1.5米,殘高2-3米,面積達30.8萬(wan)平方米,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)廢棄于(yu)(yu)龍山文(wen)(wen)化晚期,建筑年(nian)代應(ying)在(zai)(zai)龍山文(wen)(wen)化中(zhong)期前后(hou),距今4000多(duo)年(nian)。特(te)別(bie)是發(fa)現了小麥、大豆(dou)等炭化遺存。這是在(zai)(zai)河(he)南(nan)境內的龍山文(wen)(wen)化遺址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)發(fa)現,對研究小麥在(zai)(zai)我國的出現,傳播(bo)路線以及中(zhong)原地(di)區文(wen)(wen)明起源(yuan)階段的人地(di)關系演變,具有(you)重要學術價值。這座(zuo)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)距南(nan)邊(bian)的徐堡城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)僅(jin) 8公里,距西邊(bian)的濟源(yuan)苗店遺址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)只有(you) 40公里,是豫西北發(fa)現的第3座(zuo)同期城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。
出土文物
在城址(zhi)以外的東南部,出(chu)土(tu)龍(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)文(wen)化(hua)完整(zheng)或(huo)可復原陶器(qi)(qi)以及典型標本數(shu)(shu)百件(jian),主(zhu)要(yao)有陶罐(guan)、豆、壺、鬶、斝(jia)、觚、盆(pen)、雙腹(fu)盆(pen)、刻槽(cao)盆(pen)、單耳杯和(he)(he)鼎(ding)等,整(zheng)體文(wen)化(hua)面貌屬于河(he)南龍(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)文(wen)化(hua)(王灣(wan)三期文(wen)化(hua))的中(zhong)晚期。出(chu)土(tu)龍(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)時期各類石器(qi)(qi)200余件(jian),主(zhu)要(yao)為刀、鐮、鏟,另有少(shao)量斧、鏃、礪石和(he)(he)石芯等,制作較規整(zheng),但硬度和(he)(he)質量較差。這些石器(qi)(qi)絕大(da)多數(shu)(shu)出(chu)自龍(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)時期的沼澤相堆積中(zhong),沒有固定的出(chu)土(tu)遺(yi)跡,出(chu)土(tu)深度也深淺不一(yi),應是(shi)在勞作過(guo)程中(zhong)就地丟棄的,這說明發掘區應是(shi)龍(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)人的生產(chan)區。經(jing)過(guo)對(dui)龍(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)時期植物(wu)遺(yi)存的鑒定分析,發現有粟、黍、稻、小麥和(he)(he)大(da)豆等,其中(zhong)小麥是(shi)河(he)南龍(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)文(wen)化(hua)遺(yi)址(zhi)的發現,對(dui)研(yan)究小麥種植技(ji)術在中(zhong)國的傳播(bo)路線有重大(da)學術價值。