簡介
共(gong)城(cheng)城(cheng)址,2006年(nian)5月25日(ri)國(guo)務院公布為(wei)第六批(pi)全國(guo)重(zhong)點文物保護單(dan)位。時代:周(zhou)。地(di)址:河南省輝縣(xian)市。
共(gong)城城址始建于西周初年(nian),因是西周晚期共(gong)國國君共(gong)伯和的封地,故稱(cheng)“共(gong)城”。
共(gong)城自(zi)西(xi)周末(mo)創建(jian)(jian)之后,秦、漢、唐、宋時期多有修補增建(jian)(jian)。共(gong)城近正(zheng)方形,南北1300米(mi),東(dong)西(xi)1200米(mi)。其(qi)中(zhong)東(dong)城墻保存較好。
共(gong)(gong)城(cheng)(cheng)遺址早見于《水(shui)經注》、《史記·周本(ben)紀·正義》等文獻。共(gong)(gong)城(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)址不僅是目前為(wei)數不多的(de)西周諸侯國(guo)(guo)都城(cheng)(cheng)址之一,重(zhong)要的(de)是共(gong)(gong)城(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)址凝聚了“共(gong)(gong)和行政”、“共(gong)(gong)和元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)”等歷史事件(jian)的(de)發(fa)生(sheng),使(shi)其成為(wei)中國(guo)(guo)歷史紀年(nian)(nian)上的(de)分水(shui)嶺(ling)。
“共(gong)和元年”,即公元前(qian)841年,中國(guo)歷史有了明確的(de)(de)紀年。在歷史的(de)(de)年輪上,這是混沌(dun)與清(qing)晰的(de)(de)分界線。后來的(de)(de)那個艱巨的(de)(de)“夏商周斷(duan)代(dai)”工程,也就是從共(gong)和元年再(zai)往前(qian)算盡可能確切的(de)(de)年份(fen)。
共(gong)和元(yuan)年(nian),公元(yuan)前(qian)841年(nian),是(shi)這片土地(di)的(de)國(guo)(guo)君的(de)年(nian)號。這一小(xiao)塊(kuai)土地(di)上的(de)小(xiao)諸(zhu)侯國(guo)(guo),叫共(gong)國(guo)(guo)。這塊(kuai)地(di)方(fang),現在稱共(gong)城城址。
城墻信息
共(gong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)據實(shi)測,西墻(qiang)長1300米,北墻(qiang)長1200米,南(nan)墻(qiang)長1200米,東墻(qiang)沿東石(shi)河南(nan)行長1300米,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)圍長5000米,共(gong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總面(mian)積約(yue)156萬(wan)平方米。這座(zuo)共(gong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang),全部(bu)分層(ceng)夯(hang)(hang)(hang)筑(zhu),有圓(yuan)夯(hang)(hang)(hang),橢(tuo)圓(yuan)夯(hang)(hang)(hang),平夯(hang)(hang)(hang)。經過實(shi)地(di)考(kao)察測量(liang),發現夯(hang)(hang)(hang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)大都是圓(yuan)夯(hang)(hang)(hang)窩。共(gong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北半部(bu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)的基槽牢固地(di)坐(zuo)落在地(di)面(mian)石(shi)頭上,穩如盤石(shi)。北城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)和東西城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)的斷面(mian)很厚,這可能是為防御北面(mian)太(tai)行山(shan)(shan)特大山(shan)(shan)洪暴發時(shi)的沖擊。共(gong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東南(nan)面(mian)那段城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)保存得比較完(wan)整(zheng)。共(gong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺(yi)址的城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)上,主(zhu)要是紅粘(zhan)土(tu)(tu)(tu)、黑土(tu)(tu)(tu)、黃土(tu)(tu)(tu)、白土(tu)(tu)(tu),還有三(san)花土(tu)(tu)(tu)。
2800年時間過去了(le),古共城遺址(zhi)成了(le)今天我(wo)們的(de)寶貴文化遺產,共城遺址(zhi)是省級重點文物保護(hu)單位。輝縣(xian)市(shi)還開辟(pi)了(le)“共城公園”供人們參觀瀏覽(lan)。