汝(ru)城(cheng)古祠(ci)(ci)堂(tang)多(duo)。一個多(duo)民(min)族居住的偏邑山縣,36萬多(duo)人口(kou),280多(duo)家姓氏,保留著始于(yu)宋元、盛于(yu)明清的古祠(ci)(ci)堂(tang)710余座,大(da)小(xiao)不一,風格各異,星(xing)羅棋布,并(bing)有金(jin)山、津江等古祠(ci)(ci)堂(tang)群(qun),有8座古祠(ci)(ci)堂(tang)列入省市級(ji)文物保護單位。
汝城古祠(ci)堂美。美在(zai)華麗、凝重、莊(zhuang)嚴,美在(zai)滄桑、古樸、久遠,美在(zai)豐厚、載物、適用(yong)。從(cong)選址造(zao)型、布(bu)局朝向、風水環境(jing)到山水田林路、門(men)坪巷房墻的(de)整(zheng)體和(he)諧,從(cong)建筑法式型制(zhi)、結構風格、取材用(yong)料到雕塑(su)油畫漆飾的(de)精工細作,動(dong)靜有(you)致,流光溢彩,天人(ren)合一(yi)(yi)(yi)。欣賞一(yi)(yi)(yi)座古祠(ci),猶如穿越一(yi)(yi)(yi)段歷(li)史(shi)的(de)長廊(lang);會晤一(yi)(yi)(yi)座古祠(ci),猶如聆(ling)聽一(yi)(yi)(yi)位蒼老明世的(de)長者心聲。
汝城(cheng)古祠堂(tang)價值高。作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)歷(li)史的(de)遺(yi)產(chan),是(shi)歷(li)史的(de)見證、歷(li)史的(de)記(ji)載、歷(li)史的(de)濃縮、歷(li)史的(de)標本。作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)建(jian)筑(zhu)的(de)遺(yi)產(chan),其(qi)本身、其(qi)所附、其(qi)所載、其(qi)所涉,均有深厚的(de)文物價值,是(shi)研究古文化(hua)、古建(jian)筑(zhu)、古民俗、古宗法、古遷(qian)徙不可或缺的(de)資源。作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)文化(hua)的(de)遺(yi)產(chan),詩詞楹聯賦(fu)、碑(bei)刻雕塑鏤、牌匾額堂(tang)號與族(zu)(zu)譜及族(zu)(zu)訓(xun)家規互為(wei)(wei)補充,相(xiang)得益彰,筑(zhu)起了祠堂(tang)文化(hua)的(de)大(da)觀園。
金山葉氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)家廟、盧(lu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)家廟、津(jin)江(jiang)朱氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)祠堂、廣安所(suo)李氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)宗祠、外沙太保第、益道繡(xiu)衣(yi)坊(fang)(含范(fan)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)家廟、中丞公祠)等古(gu)建(jian)筑,這些古(gu)建(jian)筑工(gong)藝(yi)精湛,恢弘(hong)氣派(pai),保存完整(zheng),建(jian)造時代(dai)早,代(dai)表著汝城(cheng)古(gu)祠堂文(wen)化之精髓,具(ju)有(you)極(ji)高的(de)歷(li)史、文(wen)化、科學價值(zhi)。
汝城古祠(ci)堂多(duo)(duo)達三百多(duo)(duo)個(ge)(ge),在環(huan)境(jing)美學(xue)上很有特色,主(zhu)要體(ti)現在以“天人(ren)合一”、 因地(di)(di)制(zhi)宜、利用和改善環(huan)境(jing)的(de)(de)傳統(tong)環(huan)境(jing)美學(xue)思想為(wei)指導,根(gen)據實際地(di)(di)形(xing)空(kong)間(jian)和實際需要,采用多(duo)(duo)種不同表現手法,達到環(huan)境(jing)與(yu)自(zi)然(ran)和諧和激勵(li)后人(ren)的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)。由于(yu)祠(ci)堂的(de)(de)主(zhu)要作用是供奉祖先(xian)和舉(ju)辦大型活動,是全(quan)村(cun)全(quan)族建筑的(de)(de)龍頭。在民間(jian),祠(ci)堂的(de)(de)好(hao)壞(huai)影響全(quan)村(cun)的(de)(de)發展。古祠(ci)堂因此在外(wai)形(xing)、選址、室內布置、座向、大門、門前門后的(de)(de)環(huan)境(jing)建筑、道路(lu)、水木等在環(huan)境(jing)美學(xue)上都得為(wei)祠(ci)堂占據龍頭地(di)(di)位(wei)服(fu)務(wu),從而確保(bao)祠(ci)堂在全(quan)村(cun)建筑中的(de)(de)首要地(di)(di)位(wei)。充分(fen)體(ti)現古人(ren)個(ge)(ge)體(ti)服(fu)務(wu)集體(ti)、局(ju)部(bu)服(fu)務(wu)整體(ti)、整體(ti)與(yu)自(zi)然(ran)和諧、和諧促進發展的(de)(de)設計理念。
案例一、金山古祠堂群(qun)環境(jing)美學賞析
金山(shan)古祠堂(tang)群的(de)環(huan)(huan)境情況,盧(lu)氏(shi)家廟“敘倫(lun)堂(tang)”。敘倫(lun)堂(tang)座西南(nan)(nan)向東北(bei),面闊(kuo)三間(jian),縱深三進(jin),三重(zhong)(zhong)封火山(shan)墻。用(yong)(yong)“三”數(shu)者,取“三生萬(wan)物”之(zhi)(zhi)意。長30.4米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、寬9.2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、占(zhan)地366.8平(ping)方米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。主大門左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)右(you)各有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)條大小相同(tong)的(de)側門,有(you)(you)(you)主次分明、左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)右(you)對稱(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)美感。檐(yan)下如意斗拱(gong)下額枋浮雕多種彩(cai)繪圖(tu)案,雕有(you)(you)(you)龍鳳(feng)(feng)八仙(xian)、雙龍戲(xi)珠,栩(xu)栩(xu)如生,八仙(xian)是神(shen)通廣大無所(suo)不能的(de)神(shen)仙(xian),龍鳳(feng)(feng)至尊至貴,有(you)(you)(you)向往富貴之(zhi)(zhi)義。額枋正中書有(you)(you)(you)“南(nan)(nan)楚名家”等(deng)字,大門顏色以(yi)紅色為主,內有(you)(you)(you)天(tian)井(jing)2個采(cai)光,有(you)(you)(you)天(tian)地氣(qi)場相通之(zhi)(zhi)意,旨(zhi)在(zai)“天(tian)人(ren)合一(yi)(yi)”。門前(qian)(qian)18米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)右(you)有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)個直(zhi)徑(jing)30米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)右(you)的(de)半圓形池(chi)塘(tang),“氣(qi)聚成(cheng)(cheng)水,氣(qi)動(dong)成(cheng)(cheng)風(feng)”,池(chi)塘(tang)有(you)(you)(you)聚氣(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)。池(chi)塘(tang)之(zhi)(zhi)外(wai)有(you)(you)(you)數(shu)千米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)空曠之(zhi)(zhi)地,暗(an)示“門前(qian)(qian)開闊(kuo)、鵬(peng)程萬(wan)里”。祠堂(tang)的(de)左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)右(you)兩(liang)邊是居(ju)民住宅(zhai),其(qi)高(gao)度都(dou)(dou)在(zai)祠堂(tang)三分之(zhi)(zhi)二(er)左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)右(you),左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)右(you)基本對稱(cheng)(cheng)、其(qi)位置都(dou)(dou)在(zai)祠堂(tang)稍后一(yi)(yi)尺左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)右(you)。遠遠看來,祠堂(tang)就(jiu)像一(yi)(yi)個龍頭帶領一(yi)(yi)群子孫向前(qian)(qian)邁進(jin)。充分體(ti)現(xian)了古人(ren)尊重(zhong)(zhong)并繼承祖(zu)先(xian)優良傳統和(he)個體(ti)發展服(fu)從整(zheng)體(ti)和(he)諧的(de)設(she)(she)計(ji)思想。前(qian)(qian)廳近(jin)墻壁處左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)右(you)各有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)個閣樓以(yi)儲物品用(yong)(yong),這(zhe)是從實用(yong)(yong)角度設(she)(she)計(ji)的(de),為家族舉辦活動(dong)儲物品用(yong)(yong)。進(jin)入(ru)(ru)祠堂(tang)的(de)道(dao)路(lu)圍繞(rao)池(chi)塘(tang)從兩(liang)側面而入(ru)(ru),避(bi)免道(dao)路(lu)直(zhi)沖而入(ru)(ru)對祠堂(tang)形成(cheng)(cheng)直(zhi)沖煞氣(qi)。敘倫(lun)堂(tang)的(de)環(huan)(huan)境設(she)(she)計(ji)既(ji)重(zhong)(zhong)視實際功(gong)用(yong)(yong),又重(zhong)(zhong)視整(zheng)體(ti)和(he)諧。
在(zai)(zai)敘倫堂(tang)東(dong)北(bei)(bei)方(fang)半(ban)里左右(you)是葉(xie)氏(shi)家(jia)廟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敦(dun)本堂(tang),由(you)家(jia)廟和朝(chao)門(men)(men)(men)組成。葉(xie)氏(shi)家(jia)廟座南(nan)朝(chao)北(bei)(bei),三(san)間三(san)進二天(tian)(tian)(tian)井。長(chang)23.9米(mi)寬(kuan)6.86米(mi),前有(you)6米(mi)有(you)居(ju)(ju)(ju)民(min)房(fang),與左右(you)兩邊(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)居(ju)(ju)(ju)民(min)房(fang)圍至朝(chao)門(men)(men)(men),居(ju)(ju)(ju)民(min)房(fang)祠(ci)堂(tang)大門(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)半(ban)高,一(yi)般來講(jiang)門(men)(men)(men)前不(bu)應有(you)居(ju)(ju)(ju)民(min)房(fang),古(gu)(gu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)何要如(ru)此(ci)(ci)設(she)計?原來葉(xie)氏(shi)家(jia)廟座南(nan)朝(chao)北(bei)(bei),北(bei)(bei)風(feng)是冷風(feng),北(bei)(bei)在(zai)(zai)后(hou)天(tian)(tian)(tian)八卦(gua)為(wei)(wei)(wei)坎,坎為(wei)(wei)(wei)水(shui),水(shui)主寒,北(bei)(bei)方(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)先(xian)天(tian)(tian)(tian)八卦(gua)為(wei)(wei)(wei)坤,坤為(wei)(wei)(wei)老陰(yin),為(wei)(wei)(wei)陰(yin)氣(qi)(qi)過重,加之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)其北(bei)(bei)方(fang)空(kong)曠,為(wei)(wei)(wei)水(shui)氣(qi)(qi)太重,故(gu)用(yong)(yong)居(ju)(ju)(ju)民(min)房(fang)在(zai)(zai)門(men)(men)(men)前稍擋寒風(feng)。體現個(ge)體服務整體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)團隊精(jing)神。朝(chao)門(men)(men)(men)在(zai)(zai)大門(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)東(dong)北(bei)(bei)方(fang),先(xian)天(tian)(tian)(tian)八卦(gua)為(wei)(wei)(wei)震,震為(wei)(wei)(wei)木,木能化水(shui)生火,故(gu)此(ci)(ci)朝(chao)門(men)(men)(men)起(qi)了通關(guan)暖身的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong),后(hou)天(tian)(tian)(tian)八卦(gua)東(dong)北(bei)(bei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)艮卦(gua),五行為(wei)(wei)(wei)土有(you)制(zhi)水(shui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)。從而解(jie)決了北(bei)(bei)方(fang)水(shui)氣(qi)(qi)過重的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)足(zu)。此(ci)(ci)種(zhong)格局,朝(chao)門(men)(men)(men)起(qi)通關(guan)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong),變不(bu)利為(wei)(wei)(wei)有(you)利,難(nan)怪此(ci)(ci)朝(chao)門(men)(men)(men)是汝城有(you)名的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三(san)條半(ban)朝(chao)門(men)(men)(men)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi),足(zu)以體現古(gu)(gu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)改善(shan)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)無(wu)窮智慧。朝(chao)門(men)(men)(men)長(chang)9.2米(mi)、寬(kuan)7.6米(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),朝(chao)門(men)(men)(men)前面16米(mi)左右(you)有(you)一(yi)個(ge)攻20多米(mi)寬(kuan)15米(mi)左右(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)池,水(shui)能聚氣(qi)(qi),水(shui)池前面幾(ji)里空(kong)曠地之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外(wai)有(you)較高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)朝(chao)山(shan),朝(chao)山(shan)在(zai)(zai)氣(qi)(qi)勢上(shang)有(you)擋風(feng)護衛(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。祠(ci)堂(tang)鴻門(men)(men)(men)梁(liang)雕(diao)有(you)雙龍戲珠、云水(shui)環(huan)(huan)(huan)繞(rao),營造一(yi)種(zhong)喜慶如(ru)意的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氛圍。梁(liang)枋上(shang)懸桂著“葉(xie)氏(shi)家(jia)廟”匾額(e)。家(jia)廟左右(you)兩邊(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)居(ju)(ju)(ju)民(min)房(fang)面朝(chao)祠(ci)堂(tang)。有(you)朝(chao)拜祖先(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意。敦(dun)本堂(tang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)設(she)計是古(gu)(gu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)改善(shan)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)典范。是傳統環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)美學應用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)典。
金山古祠堂群(qun)還包括李氏家(jia)廟的隴(long)西堂,隴(long)西堂座南朝(chao)北,長20.7米(mi),寬10.33米(mi),占(zhan)地面積240平方米(mi)。其環境(jing)美學(xue)(xue)以實用(yong)為主,以環境(jing)和(he)諧(xie)為目的,在(zai)(zai)此不作(zuo)詳(xiang)述,可自行實地考查。敘倫堂、敦本堂、隴(long)西堂的位置(zhi)整體布局(ju)呈一(yi)(yi)個等邊(bian)三角形,三角形有(you)穩定(ding)作(zuo)用(yong),牽(qian)一(yi)(yi)發(fa)而動(dong)全(quan)身,充分(fen)體現了盧、葉(xie)、李姓三個家(jia)族人同舟共(gong)濟、和(he)睦相處、共(gong)同發(fa)展的和(he)諧(xie)關系。在(zai)(zai)環境(jing)美學(xue)(xue)上做到了不偏(pian)不倚、整體平衡、和(he)諧(xie)發(fa)展。這正是(shi)傳統(tong)環境(jing)美學(xue)(xue)精(jing)髓之所在(zai)(zai)。
實(shi)例二、黃氏家廟(miao)環境(jing)美學賞析
黃氏家廟(miao)(miao)坐落(luo)在(zai)(zai)田莊鄉(xiang)洪流(liu)村,始建于清(qing)道光(guang)二(er)十六(liu)年。整(zheng)座(zuo)(zuo)祠堂(tang)(tang)由院坪、朝門(men)(men)(men)(men)、門(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)、四廳(ting)三(san)天井組(zu)成。黃氏家廟(miao)(miao)座(zuo)(zuo)西朝東(dong),長(chang)37.4米(mi)寬(kuan)8.3米(mi),高(gao)6米(mi),坐方(fang)是(shi)(shi)高(gao)山(shan)(shan)峻嶺,向(xiang)方(fang)門(men)(men)(men)(men)前(qian)(qian)(qian)15米(mi)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)有(you)(you)直徑(jing)20米(mi)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)的(de)(de)半(ban)圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)水(shui)池,水(shui)池前(qian)(qian)(qian)百米(mi)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)條小江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang),江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)自北流(liu)向(xiang)南方(fang),小江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)前(qian)(qian)(qian)有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)小山(shan)(shan)脈從(cong)南而來(lai)到祠堂(tang)(tang)的(de)(de)東(dong)北方(fang)位(wei)而止。這正(zheng)是(shi)(shi)游(you)龍戲水(shui)之(zhi)風(feng)水(shui)貴(gui)格。從(cong)環境(jing)美(mei)學(xue)的(de)(de)角度(du)講,門(men)(men)(men)(men)前(qian)(qian)(qian)有(you)(you)水(shui)、水(shui)有(you)(you)山(shan)(shan)護,此乃山(shan)(shan)水(shui)相映,山(shan)(shan)清(qing)水(shui)秀,令(ling)人心曠神(shen)怡。門(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)上部(bu)橫額上榜(bang)書“黃氏家廟(miao)(miao)”四字。其下(xia)是(shi)(shi)大(da)門(men)(men)(men)(men),門(men)(men)(men)(men)高(gao)2.6米(mi)、寬(kuan)1.4米(mi),左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)各置一(yi)(yi)石鼓,雕刻精美(mei),既有(you)(you)藝術價(jia)值又守戶看門(men)(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)作用。進(jin)入(ru)大(da)門(men)(men)(men)(men),分四廳(ting),每(mei)兩(liang)廳(ting)間(jian)(jian)設天井采(cai)光(guang),且每(mei)廳(ting)從(cong)前(qian)(qian)(qian)至(zhi)后層(ceng)層(ceng)升高(gao)。從(cong)形(xing)(xing)(xing)勢(shi)上看,坐方(fang)層(ceng)層(ceng)上升有(you)(you)厚(hou)實(shi)穩重之(zhi)美(mei)感。祠堂(tang)(tang)的(de)(de)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)兩(liang)邊(bian)是(shi)(shi)居民(min)住宅,其高(gao)度(du)都在(zai)(zai)祠堂(tang)(tang)三(san)分之(zhi)二(er)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you),兩(liang)邊(bian)對稱。院坪東(dong)向(xiang)一(yi)(yi)座(zuo)(zuo)朝門(men)(men)(men)(men),朝門(men)(men)(men)(men)兩(liang)側有(you)(you)內半(ban)圓圍(wei)墻,似有(you)(you)抱水(shui)而入(ru)之(zhi)勢(shi)。朝門(men)(men)(men)(men)前(qian)(qian)(qian)16米(mi)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)2畝(mu)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)的(de)(de)水(shui)池,水(shui)平(ping)如(ru)鏡、長(chang)年不(bu)涸。粗看此前(qian)(qian)(qian)方(fang)有(you)(you)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang),水(shui)氣(qi)過重,為何(he)古人在(zai)(zai)前(qian)(qian)(qian)面還設計水(shui)池?祠堂(tang)(tang)位(wei)置為何(he)離山(shan)(shan)太(tai)近?筆者起初難解其妙(miao),于是(shi)(shi)登上山(shan)(shan)頂,只見村莊空(kong)間(jian)(jian)猶如(ru)一(yi)(yi)條圓柱(zhu)(zhu)形(xing)(xing)(xing),而祠堂(tang)(tang)正(zheng)在(zai)(zai)圓柱(zhu)(zhu)中部(bu),如(ru)不(bu)緊(jin)靠座(zuo)(zuo)山(shan)(shan),則(ze)難承受兩(liang)邊(bian)強大(da)氣(qi)場的(de)(de)壓力,相當(dang)整(zheng)個空(kong)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)黃金分割點。由于前(qian)(qian)(qian)方(fang)水(shui)氣(qi)較(jiao)大(da),祠堂(tang)(tang)采(cai)取加長(chang)進(jin)深的(de)(de)方(fang)法,利于聚氣(qi)。這可能就是(shi)(shi)黃氏家廟(miao)(miao)進(jin)深長(chang)的(de)(de)根(gen)本原因之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)。黃氏家廟(miao)(miao)根(gen)據地形(xing)(xing)(xing)空(kong)間(jian)(jian)來(lai)設計祠堂(tang)(tang)形(xing)(xing)(xing)狀、座(zuo)(zuo)向(xiang)、明堂(tang)(tang)等方(fang)法,正(zheng)是(shi)(shi)傳統環境(jing)美(mei)學(xue)因地制宜應用的(de)(de)典型示范。也是(shi)(shi)當(dang)今環境(jing)美(mei)設計的(de)(de)根(gen)本原則(ze)之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)。
實例三:李氏宗祠(ci)環境美學賞析
李(li)(li)(li)氏宗(zong)(zong)祠(ci)位于土(tu)橋(qiao)鎮土(tu)橋(qiao)村(cun)李(li)(li)(li)家,座西(xi)朝東(dong),面闊三開間(jian),長(chang)32.31米,寬(kuan)11.27米,占地(di)(di)面364平方(fang)(fang)(fang)米。由門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)、前(qian)廳(ting)(ting)、中廳(ting)(ting)、后(hou)(hou)(hou)廳(ting)(ting)、天(tian)(tian)井、廚(chu)房(fang)組成。門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)不高,沒有(you)(you)金山敘(xu)倫(lun)堂的(de)(de)(de)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)高大(da)(da)(da)宏(hong)偉(wei),近(jin)看似乎氣(qi)勢不夠雄壯,但遠遠看來(lai),有(you)(you)一(yi)種穩重厚實的(de)(de)(de)美(mei)感(gan)。古人之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)以(yi)這樣(yang)設計(ji)(ji)是因(yin)(yin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)李(li)(li)(li)家地(di)(di)處(chu)土(tu)橋(qiao)空間(jian)太寬(kuan)闊,氣(qi)流(liu)較(jiao)快(kuai)較(jiao)大(da)(da)(da),門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)太高易被風所(suo)損,氣(qi)流(liu)較(jiao)快(kuai)難以(yi)聚(ju)氣(qi),因(yin)(yin)此沒有(you)(you)設計(ji)(ji)較(jiao)高門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)。體現(xian)了 “崇(chong)尚自(zi)(zi)然(ran)”、“師法自(zi)(zi)然(ran)”環境(jing)美(mei)學思想。再(zai)者(zhe)李(li)(li)(li)氏宗(zong)(zong)祠(ci)是為(wei)(wei)(wei)嘉獎(jiang)明代著(zhu)名武(wu)將李(li)(li)(li)興所(suo)建(jian),武(wu)者(zhe)勇猛而穩重,與當時情形(xing)相(xiang)符。鴻門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)梁雕(diao)(diao)有(you)(you)雙龍戲珠,大(da)(da)(da)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)上高懸皇(huang)帝所(suo)錫“欽贈鐵券”以(yi)示皇(huang)恩浩蕩和以(yi)國為(wei)(wei)(wei)家。宗(zong)(zong)祠(ci)正中開一(yi)大(da)(da)(da)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)為(wei)(wei)(wei)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)正,以(yi)納正氣(qi),兩側次間(jian)各開一(yi)小(xiao)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),大(da)(da)(da)小(xiao)相(xiang)當,有(you)(you)對稱美(mei)感(gan)。門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)上畫門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)神守(shou)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),以(yi)體現(xian)神靈護佑(you)。門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)前(qian)有(you)(you)半圓形(xing)水(shui)(shui)池,為(wei)(wei)(wei)明堂為(wei)(wei)(wei)聚(ju)氣(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)用(yong),用(yong)半圓形(xing)是因(yin)(yin)乾為(wei)(wei)(wei)天(tian)(tian)、天(tian)(tian)圓地(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)(fang),祠(ci)堂的(de)(de)(de)外形(xing)總體呈(cheng)長(chang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)形(xing),地(di)(di)為(wei)(wei)(wei)方(fang)(fang)(fang),有(you)(you)天(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)合一(yi),天(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)氣(qi)場相(xiang)融(rong)之(zhi)(zhi)意。前(qian)廳(ting)(ting)、中廳(ting)(ting)、后(hou)(hou)(hou)廳(ting)(ting)之(zhi)(zhi)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)用(yong)兩個天(tian)(tian)井隔開既(ji)有(you)(you)采光排水(shui)(shui)之(zhi)(zhi)功能,又體現(xian)天(tian)(tian)氣(qi)下(xia)降、地(di)(di)氣(qi)上升的(de)(de)(de)祥(xiang)瑞氣(qi)氛。李(li)(li)(li)氏宗(zong)(zong)祠(ci)左(zuo)右兩邊有(you)(you)居民房(fang),居民房(fang)高度(du)相(xiang)當,前(qian)棟(dong)(dong)略比后(hou)(hou)(hou)棟(dong)(dong)者(zhe)稍(shao)矮一(yi)點(dian),從(cong)前(qian)至后(hou)(hou)(hou)有(you)(you)棟(dong)(dong)棟(dong)(dong)疊(die)高之(zhi)(zhi)勢。李(li)(li)(li)氏宗(zong)(zong)祠(ci)里面還有(you)(you)4副條幅(fu)及一(yi)幅(fu)對聯和一(yi)通石雕(diao)(diao)“圣旨”既(ji)有(you)(you)裝飾作(zuo)用(yong),又有(you)(you)激勵后(hou)(hou)(hou)人的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)。綜合起(qi)來(lai),李(li)(li)(li)氏宗(zong)(zong)祠(ci)在環境(jing)美(mei)學上是因(yin)(yin)地(di)(di)制宜,因(yin)(yin)需設計(ji)(ji),以(yi)美(mei)觀實用(yong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主,融(rong)建(jian)筑藝術和各種雕(diao)(diao)塑藝術于一(yi)體,最終實現(xian)人文(wen)與自(zi)(zi)然(ran)的(de)(de)(de)平衡發展。
綜(zong)上所(suo)(suo)述,難以全面概括汝(ru)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)古祠(ci)(ci)(ci)堂(tang)的(de)環(huan)境(jing)美(mei)學(xue)精華(hua)。汝(ru)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)古祠(ci)(ci)(ci)堂(tang)三百個,每個祠(ci)(ci)(ci)堂(tang)所(suo)(suo)處的(de)環(huan)境(jing)格局不同(tong),環(huan)境(jing)美(mei)學(xue)設(she)計也就不同(tong),各有(you)特色,無一雷同(tong)。但大(da)多是以“天(tian)人合(he)一”“五行和(he)諧相生”“五氣順布有(you)情”、以大(da)局為(wei)重、與自(zi)然(ran)和(he)諧為(wei)指導(dao),根據當時所(suo)(suo)需、當地(di)環(huan)境(jing)格局實(shi)情,以實(shi)用美(mei)觀為(wei)主,采用多種表現(xian)手法,集(ji)各種藝術于(yu)一體,做到既外(wai)形穩重又氣勢磅(bang)礴;既整體氣場溫和(he),又與自(zi)然(ran)和(he)諧相處。汝(ru)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)古祠(ci)(ci)(ci)堂(tang)的(de)環(huan)境(jing)美(mei)學(xue)理念仍可(ke)用于(yu)現(xian)代建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu),它的(de)設(she)計精神為(wei)未來講究與自(zi)然(ran)諧調的(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu),“可(ke)持(chi)續發展(zhan)”開辟(pi)了道路,為(wei)當今(jin)環(huan)境(jing)美(mei)學(xue)的(de)發展(zhan)提供堅實(shi)的(de)理論基礎。