簡介
富(fu)春(chun)江景區以(yi)(yi)奇山(shan)異水聞名(ming)。其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),申(shen)(shen)(shen)屠(tu)山(shan)和(he)(he)天(tian)(tian)子崗可(ke)謂奇山(shan)了(le)。申(shen)(shen)(shen)屠(tu)山(shan)屬富(fu)陽市(shi),在(zai)(zai)富(fu)春(chun)江南岸,離(li)東梓(zi)只有三公里左右(you)(you)。宋朝人陳剛(gang)(gang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有《申(shen)(shen)(shen)屠(tu)山(shan)記(ji)》一(yi)(yi)篇,說這個山(shan)“峰巒重復,端若拱揖,應接(jie)不暇。湍水怪(guai)石,神刻鬼劃(hua),千(qian)(qian)巧萬狀。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有平田,如設萬席。挺然(ran)僧(seng)(seng)寺,出于(yu)林表。佳木修竹,左右(you)(you)交翠(cui)。此(ci)申(shen)(shen)(shen)屠(tu)剛(gang)(gang)違新室(shi)(shi)(王莽篡漢,改(gai)國(guo)號(hao)為(wei)新)之(zhi)禍,申(shen)(shen)(shen)屠(tu)蟠晦黨錮(gu)之(zhi)名(ming),避地結廬,于(yu)今千(qian)(qian)載,子孫因(yin)(yin)家焉。支派分衍(yan),至百余(yu)室(shi)(shi)。因(yin)(yin)姓而名(ming)其(qi)山(shan),山(shan)之(zhi)陽復以(yi)(yi)申(shen)(shen)(shen)屠(tu)志(zhi)其(qi)地。”原(yuan)來山(shan)上有一(yi)(yi)古廟(miao)名(ming)大(da)雄寺,建于(yu)唐(tang)長興三年。唐(tang)末有一(yi)(yi)高(gao)僧(seng)(seng)禪(chan)月尊(zun)者,曾在(zai)(zai)寺內畫(hua)十(shi)六(liu)羅漢(羅漢系(xi)印(yin)度傳(chuan)入,本(ben)(ben)來只有十(shi)六(liu),宋時有人添加了(le)兩個,從此(ci)變(bian)成十(shi)八),栩(xu)(xu)栩(xu)(xu)如生。據傳(chuan)第十(shi)六(liu)尊(zun),還是(shi)照著(zhu)他自己的相貌畫(hua)的。這位高(gao)僧(seng)(seng)不僅善畫(hua),而且(qie)工詩(shi)。剛(gang)(gang)到杭(hang)州(zhou),住在(zai)(zai)給事中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)羅隱家里,作詩(shi)甚多,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有名(ming)句“一(yi)(yi)瓶一(yi)(yi)缽垂垂老,千(qian)(qian)水千(qian)(qian)山(shan)得得來”。羅甚為(wei)贊(zan)賞,推薦給吳(wu)越王錢(qian)镠。錢(qian)镠見其(qi)所獻詩(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有句“一(yi)(yi)劍寒霜(shuang)十(shi)四(si)(si)州(zhou)”,就(jiu)命人請他把“十(shi)四(si)(si)州(zhou)”改(gai)成“四(si)(si)十(shi)州(zhou)”。因(yin)(yin)為(wei)當時唐(tang)室(shi)(shi)凌(ling)替,群雄并起,錢(qian)镠在(zai)(zai)占領(ling)吳(wu)越十(shi)四(si)(si)州(zhou)之(zhi)后,想南取王審知的福(fu)州(zhou),北(bei)取楊行密的揚州(zhou),拓“十(shi)四(si)(si)州(zhou)”為(wei)“四(si)(si)十(shi)州(zhou)”。原(yuan)本(ben)(ben)以(yi)(yi)為(wei)自己貴(gui)為(wei)王侯(hou),叫一(yi)(yi)個討飯和(he)(he)尚改(gai)一(yi)(yi)句詩(shi),自不在(zai)(zai)話下(xia)(xia)。哪里知道(dao)這位禪(chan)月和(he)(he)尚,偏偏不買他的賬(zhang),答道(dao):“州(zhou)亦不可(ke)添,詩(shi)亦不可(ke)改(gai)。孤云野鶴,何天(tian)(tian)不可(ke)飛?”說完拿了(le)錫杖,離(li)開杭(hang)州(zhou),就(jiu)到此(ci)山(shan),在(zai)(zai)大(da)雄寺內留(liu)下(xia)(xia)真(zhen)跡。
天子(zi)崗一(yi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)白鶴峰。因(yin)山(shan)(shan)(shan)石皆烏色(se),奇形怪狀,又(you)名(ming)(ming)(ming)烏石山(shan)(shan)(shan),離東(dong)(dong)梓(zi)關五公里左右,同申(shen)屠山(shan)(shan)(shan)遙遙相對。這座(zuo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)原本(ben)沒(mei)有(you)什(shen)么(me)大名(ming)(ming)(ming)氣,后來東(dong)(dong)漢孝子(zi)孫(sun)(sun)(sun)鐘把母親葬在(zai)這里。孫(sun)(sun)(sun)鐘者(zhe),孫(sun)(sun)(sun)堅的(de)爸(ba)爸(ba),孫(sun)(sun)(sun)策、孫(sun)(sun)(sun)權的(de)爺(ye)爺(ye)也。因(yin)為孫(sun)(sun)(sun)子(zi)做了皇帝,有(you)人就說祖母葬的(de)地方風水好(hao),所以(yi)(yi)就稱(cheng)之為天子(zi)崗了。妙(miao)就妙(miao)在(zai)這座(zuo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)是這一(yi)帶(dai)的(de)最高(gao)(gao)峰,頂上(shang)有(you)一(yi)塊大平(ping)地。站在(zai)崗上(shang)近(jin)(jin)覷:群(qun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)環(huan)繞腳下,有(you)似百(bai)(bai)官朝(chao)天子(zi),倒有(you)點“碧眼(yan)兒坐領(ling)江東(dong)(dong)”的(de)氣概(gai);遠(yuan)眺(tiao):江水曲曲彎彎,大桐(tong)洲上(shang)綠(lv)樹(shu)環(huan)繞,桃花盛開季節,堆(dui)錦疊繡,五彩繽紛,使(shi)人眼(yan)花繚亂。環(huan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)四周,有(you)大批(pi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)勝古(gu)跡,如小蓬萊、仙人洞、百(bai)(bai)步(bu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)、樂村廟、天香寺(si)等數十處,不知道(dao)目(mu)前怎(zen)樣了。桐(tong)廬江景(jing),自(zi)古(gu)稱(cheng)道(dao)煙雨(yu)。每當細(xi)雨(yu)霏霏的(de)時(shi)候,坐船在(zai)江面上(shang)駛過(guo),近(jin)(jin)覷,水面漣漪回環(huan)不絕(jue)(jue),山(shan)(shan)(shan)影樹(shu)影連(lian)成一(yi)片,無風自(zi)搖;遠(yuan)看,“綠(lv)樹(shu)蒼煙望欲迷(mi)”,但(dan)見(jian)遠(yuan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)長(chang),云山(shan)(shan)(shan)亂,近(jin)(jin)山(shan)(shan)(shan)青。加(jia)之岸(an)邊(bian)幾個釣客身披雨(yu)衣,執竿凝(ning)神而坐,儼(yan)然一(yi)幅絕(jue)(jue)妙(miao)的(de)“春(chun)江煙雨(yu)圖”。江岸(an)上(shang)峭(qiao)壁高(gao)(gao)聳(song),群(qun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)連(lian)綿不絕(jue)(jue):牛(niu)山(shan)(shan)(shan),又(you)名(ming)(ming)(ming)牌(pai)門山(shan)(shan)(shan),從(cong)東(dong)(dong)到西(xi),恰巧(qiao)十里,所以(yi)(yi)又(you)稱(cheng)十里牌(pai)門;內逼(bi)山(shan)(shan)(shan),外(wai)瞰(kan)江,山(shan)(shan)(shan)路崎嶇屈曲,古(gu)為閩廣皖浙通道(dao),現在(zai)已經修鳥道(dao)為公路。金(jin)雞山(shan)(shan)(shan),極(ji)似公雞,古(gu)人有(you)詩:“天上(shang)金(jin)雞種,何時(shi)墜此山(shan)(shan)(shan)?只因(yin)鳴有(you)信,流落在(zai)人間(jian)。”
過(guo)了(le)十里牌門(men),可見富春江水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電站(zhan)大壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)橫截在江面(mian)上,此(ci)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)高36米(mi),是新(xin)安江大壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)的(de)(de)三(san)分之一(yi)多(duo)點。壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)內(nei)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)外(wai),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位相差二(er)三(san)十米(mi)。船(chuan)過(guo)大壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba),先要(yao)(yao)進入(ru)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)內(nei)船(chuan)塢,然后關上后閘(zha)門(men)放水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),等水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)漲船(chuan)高,與壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)內(nei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)平齊,前閘(zha)門(men)才徐徐落入(ru)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中,船(chuan)即穿(chuan)閘(zha)門(men)駛(shi)入(ru)富春江水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)。穿(chuan)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)而出,便進入(ru)一(yi)個“神仙世(shi)界”:富春江最主要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)風景區——嚴(yan)子陵釣臺。這里原名嚴(yan)瀨。上世(shi)紀60年代,利用兩山夾峙的(de)(de)自然條(tiao)件,建(jian)設富春江水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電站(zhan),修了(le)一(yi)個水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku),灘深流急(ji)的(de)(de)嚴(yan)瀨,便成了(le)一(yi)個波平如鏡的(de)(de)人工湖。船(chuan)就(jiu)停在離水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)一(yi)里多(duo)路的(de)(de)地(di)方。原來(lai)沿江有一(yi)條(tiao)小(xiao)路直通(tong)釣臺,修了(le)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku),路已淹沒,去釣臺必須坐蘆茨公社(she)的(de)(de)渡船(chuan),在水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)上行(xing)三(san)四里,方到達釣臺腳下。
所謂釣臺(tai),其實(shi)是(shi)(shi)突出富春山(shan)腰的兩(liang)塊大(da)磐石(shi)(shi)(shi),高度(du)相仿,東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)對峙,天造地設,確是(shi)(shi)天下少(shao)見。富春山(shan)一名嚴(yan)陵山(shan),在(zai)桐廬縣城(cheng)西(xi)(xi)四十(shi)(shi)里(li)。山(shan)高193米,迤(yi)邐七里(li)。《圖(tu)經》上(shang)(shang)(shang)說:“嚴(yan)陵山(shan)清麗(li)奇絕(jue),號(hao)錦峰(feng)繡嶺(ling)。”凡是(shi)(shi)到過(guo)此地的人(ren),都(dou)認為這(zhe)八(ba)個(ge)(ge)字(zi)并(bing)非過(guo)譽。連接東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)兩(liang)臺(tai)的一條山(shan)脊上(shang)(shang)(shang),中間(jian)有一石(shi)(shi)(shi)亭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting),用(yong)七八(ba)十(shi)(shi)塊條石(shi)(shi)(shi)砌嵌(qian)而(er)成,不(bu)用(yong)一根木料,也不(bu)用(yong)一點(dian)水泥。長(chang)方形,面積(ji)約二十(shi)(shi)平(ping)方,式樣樸素大(da)方。這(zhe)就是(shi)(shi)過(guo)去的雙(shuang)(shuang)清亭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)。據(ju)了解,東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)釣臺(tai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)面原(yuan)來都(dou)沒(mei)有建(jian)筑。一直(zhi)到明(ming)朝(chao)正統元年(nian)(1436年(nian)),嚴(yan)州(zhou)知(zhi)府在(zai)東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)兩(liang)臺(tai)各(ge)建(jian)一亭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting),刻(ke)石(shi)(shi)(shi)為額,東(dong)(dong)曰“不(bu)事王(wang)侯”,西(xi)(xi)曰“高尚其志”,明(ming)末(mo)被毀。到清乾隆(long)十(shi)(shi)九年(nian)(1754年(nian)),再由羅氏兄(xiong)弟(di)復(fu)建(jian)。西(xi)(xi)臺(tai)亭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)上(shang)(shang)(shang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)額改(gai)為“留絲一鼎(ding)”,東(dong)(dong)臺(tai)亭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)上(shang)(shang)(shang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)額改(gai)為“垂竿百尺”。后(hou)來,西(xi)(xi)臺(tai)亭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)又(you)壞(huai)掉,到民(min)國(guo)初年(nian)再重建(jian)。除(chu)這(zhe)兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)石(shi)(shi)(shi)亭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)外,1925年(nian)廣東(dong)(dong)人(ren)陳(chen)煥(huan)之又(you)在(zai)這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)山(shan)脊上(shang)(shang)(shang)建(jian)了這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)雙(shuang)(shuang)清亭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)。現在(zai)亭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)上(shang)(shang)(shang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)額已被砸毀。左右石(shi)(shi)(shi)柱上(shang)(shang)(shang)的對聯(lian),字(zi)跡約略可辨:“遠(yuan)道(dao)息(xi)塵勞,向此間(jian)坐石(shi)(shi)(shi)看云,放懷宇(yu)宙;高臺(tai)瞻勝跡,羨當日耕山(shan)釣水,俯視(shi)王(wang)侯。”
極目(mu)遠(yuan)望東南(nan),這一(yi)(yi)(yi)帶的(de)最高峰(feng)(feng)高龍門直沖云霄,峰(feng)(feng)頸白(bai)云繚(liao)繞;峰(feng)(feng)前峰(feng)(feng)左(zuo)峰(feng)(feng)右,群山環抱;最多的(de)地方,有六重山,層層相疊。遠(yuan)處天(tian)邊,白(bai)云破處,一(yi)(yi)(yi)抹藍天(tian),晶瑩澄(cheng)澈,似藍非藍,似青(qing)非青(qing)。夕陽返照,光怪(guai)陸離,遠(yuan)遠(yuan)望去,似有仙子乘(cheng)鸞來去。正南(nan),山坡上遍種橘樹。迤西,也(ye)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)山接一(yi)(yi)(yi)山,一(yi)(yi)(yi)峰(feng)(feng)連一(yi)(yi)(yi)峰(feng)(feng),山山俱青(qing),峰(feng)(feng)峰(feng)(feng)皆秀(xiu)。“錦(jin)峰(feng)(feng)繡嶺”,果(guo)然(ran)名(ming)不(bu)虛傳。俯視腳(jiao)下,一(yi)(yi)(yi)條清(qing)江,依山而流;萬頃(qing)碧(bi)波,風(feng)平浪靜;幾點白(bai)帆,飄蕩其間。黃公望的(de)杰作《富春山居圖》將(jiang)此(ci)情此(ci)景(jing)描繪得恰(qia)到(dao)好處。雖然(ran)時隔(ge)七百年,眼下的(de)清(qing)江已非昔日(ri)的(de)急流,但是(shi),風(feng)景(jing)、意境依然(ran)未變。“人(ren)在畫圖中”,古人(ren)言之有理。