芒果视频

黑(hei)龍(long)江白樺川濕地(di)公(gong)園位于黑(hei)龍(long)江省(sheng)寧安市沙蘭鎮北部，屬長白山系，處在張廣(guang)才嶺和老(lao)爺嶺之間的牡(mu)丹江上游谷地(di)，東臨(lin)三陵鄉和渤海(hai)鎮，南與吉(ji)林(lin)省(sheng)毗鄰，西部和北部與海(hai)林(lin)鎮相接。地(di)理坐標為：東經128°39′01″～128°48′15″，北緯44°12′04″～44°19′54″，南北距14.5 km，東西距12.2 km，總面(mian)積8571hm2。

濕地(di)公(gong)園地(di)處溫(wen)帶大陸性季(ji)(ji)風(feng)氣候區，四季(ji)(ji)氣候變化明顯。主要表(biao)現為春(chun)季(ji)(ji)風(feng)大干旱，夏季(ji)(ji)溫(wen)濕多雨，秋季(ji)(ji)多風(feng)干燥，冬季(ji)(ji)寒冷(leng)而漫長(chang)。年(nian)平均(jun)(jun)氣溫(wen)在2.5°C左右，年(nian)平均(jun)(jun)降(jiang)水(shui)量在650毫米左右，主要集中在7至(zhi)8月份，無霜期90至(zhi)100天(tian)。

公園內主要河流(liu)有哈拉河和蛤蟆塘河兩條河流(liu)，他們均流(liu)入鏡泊湖(hu)，是鏡泊湖(hu)的(de)(de)重要水(shui)源地，該濕地公園的(de)(de)建設和發(fa)展(zhan)對于維護鏡泊湖(hu)的(de)(de)涵養(yang)水(shui)源及區域經濟發(fa)展(zhan)將發(fa)揮重要的(de)(de)經濟價(jia)值和社會價(jia)值。

公(gong)園內分布有大(da)面積(ji)的濕地生(sheng)(sheng)態系統(tong)，主要有河流濕地、湖泊濕地、沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)濕地和草(cao)塘（水生(sheng)(sheng)植物(wu)群落）等，沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)濕地又(you)可分為森林(lin)沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)、灌叢(cong)沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)和草(cao)本沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)，如長(chang)白落葉(xie)(xie)(xie)松(song)沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)、長(chang)白落葉(xie)(xie)(xie)松(song)-白樺(hua)沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)、白樺(hua)沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)、白樺(hua)-柳葉(xie)(xie)(xie)繡(xiu)線菊(ju)沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)等森林(lin)沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)；柳葉(xie)(xie)(xie)繡(xiu)線菊(ju)-苔(tai)草(cao)沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)、柳叢(cong)沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)、蒿柳-苔(tai)草(cao)沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)等灌叢(cong)沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)；修(xiu)氏苔(tai)草(cao)沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)、蘆(lu)葦(wei)沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)、蘆(lu)葦(wei)-香蒲沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)、小葉(xie)(xie)(xie)章(zhang)沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)、漂筏苔(tai)草(cao)沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)等草(cao)本沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)，濕地類(lei)型豐富(fu)，分布廣，面積(ji)大(da)，幾乎囊括了我(wo)國北(bei)方林(lin)區的所有沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)類(lei)型，有著廣泛的代表性，具有我(wo)國溫(wen)帶濕地的典(dian)型特征。

濕地公(gong)園(yuan)內(nei)分(fen)布有(you)(you)野(ye)生植物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)123科(ke)(ke)(ke)350屬605種(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)中蘚(xian)類24科(ke)(ke)(ke)47屬66種(zhong)(zhong)，蕨(jue)類16科(ke)(ke)(ke)29屬46種(zhong)(zhong)，種(zhong)(zhong)子植物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)83科(ke)(ke)(ke)274屬493種(zhong)(zhong)。其(qi)中，國家(jia)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)7種(zhong)(zhong)：紅(hong)松、黃檗、紫(zi)椴(duan)、烏蘇里狐尾藻、水曲(qu)柳、浮葉(xie)慈(ci)菇和野(ye)大豆。豐(feng)富(fu)的植物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)多樣(yang)性為眾(zhong)多野(ye)生動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)提供了良好的棲(qi)息環境，據(ju)調查公(gong)園(yuan)內(nei)共(gong)分(fen)布有(you)(you)脊椎動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)33目86科(ke)(ke)(ke)379種(zhong)(zhong)。其(qi)中，獸類6目15科(ke)(ke)(ke)49種(zhong)(zhong)；魚類有(you)(you)5目11科(ke)(ke)(ke)52種(zhong)(zhong)；兩棲(qi)類有(you)(you)2目6科(ke)(ke)(ke)11種(zhong)(zhong)；爬行類共(gong)有(you)(you)3目4科(ke)(ke)(ke)12種(zhong)(zhong)；鳥類17目50科(ke)(ke)(ke)255種(zhong)(zhong)。分(fen)布有(you)(you)國家(jia)Ⅰ級保(bao)(bao)護(hu)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)8種(zhong)(zhong)，即紫(zi)貂(diao) 、東(dong)方白鸛、丹頂鶴(he)等；分(fen)布有(you)(you)國家(jia)Ⅱ級保(bao)(bao)護(hu)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)43種(zhong)(zhong)，如(ru)棕熊(xiong)、黑熊(xiong)、水獺(ta)、猞猁、馬(ma)鹿(lu)、鴛鴦、花尾榛雞等，充(chong)分(fen)顯示出該(gai)濕地公(gong)園(yuan)的物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)多樣(yang)性。

根據國(guo)家(jia)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)功(gong)能區(qu)(qu)劃(hua)的(de)(de)理(li)(li)論(lun)與原則，結合(he)(he)白樺川濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)資(zi)源分布特點及(ji)將(jiang)該(gai)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)劃(hua)分為(wei)五大(da)功(gong)能區(qu)(qu)，即濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)保育(yu)區(qu)(qu)、合(he)(he)理(li)(li)利用區(qu)(qu)、宣教(jiao)(jiao)展(zhan)示(shi)區(qu)(qu)、恢(hui)復(fu)重(zhong)建區(qu)(qu)和管理(li)(li)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)區(qu)(qu)。濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)保育(yu)區(qu)(qu)分布在公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內的(de)(de)廣大(da)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)，占(zhan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積7468.88公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)，主(zhu)要分布著大(da)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積原生性(xing)的(de)(de)沼澤濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)和森林(lin)生態系統(tong)，也是(shi)重(zhong)要的(de)(de)野(ye)生動物棲息地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)及(ji)候(hou)鳥(niao)繁(fan)殖停歇地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。合(he)(he)理(li)(li)利用區(qu)(qu)位于(yu)(yu)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)(bu)，占(zhan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積611.49公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)，包括(kuo)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)景觀游(you)覽、森林(lin)人家(jia)、伐木(mu)場、熔(rong)巖浴(yu)場、火山口、暖泉(quan)和響泉(quan)、森林(lin)探險和狩獵場等。宣教(jiao)(jiao)展(zhan)示(shi)區(qu)(qu)位于(yu)(yu)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)(bu)，占(zhan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積為(wei)223.33公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)，包括(kuo)標本(ben)(ben)館、濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)植物園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鳥(niao)類觀賞園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)和濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)知識(shi)宣傳(chuan)館，充分利用現有的(de)(de)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)資(zi)源和地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)形地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌條件，以(yi)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)動植物活體(ti)或標本(ben)(ben)和圖(tu)片為(wei)載體(ti)向公(gong)眾展(zhan)示(shi)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)科學(xue)內涵(han)；恢(hui)復(fu)重(zhong)建區(qu)(qu)位于(yu)(yu)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)南部(bu)(bu)，占(zhan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積200.87公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)，將(jiang)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內退化的(de)(de)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、林(lin)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)或廢棄農(nong)田進(jin)行恢(hui)復(fu)，使其生態系統(tong)恢(hui)復(fu)到初始狀態，提(ti)高生態系統(tong)功(gong)能。管理(li)(li)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)區(qu)(qu)占(zhan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)36.85公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)，包括(kuo)管理(li)(li)中(zhong)(zhong)心、游(you)客接待中(zhong)(zhong)心和服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)點等，建成后將(jiang)成為(wei)集濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)管理(li)(li)、職(zhi)工教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)及(ji)對外(wai)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)于(yu)(yu)一體(ti)的(de)(de)綜合(he)(he)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)區(qu)(qu)。

東北林(lin)業大學(xue)(xue)、黑龍江省林(lin)業設(she)計(ji)研究院組(zu)成(cheng)生態學(xue)(xue)、植(zhi)物學(xue)(xue)、土(tu)壤學(xue)(xue)、動物學(xue)(xue)、林(lin)學(xue)(xue)、地(di)(di)理(li)信息系統(tong)等多學(xue)(xue)科(ke)的(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)科(ke)考(kao)小組(zu)，先(xian)后(hou)對(dui)白樺(hua)川(chuan)濕地(di)(di)公園的(de)(de)(de)自(zi)然概(gai)況、動植(zhi)物資(zi)源以及社會經濟狀況等進行了(le)綜合(he)考(kao)察。并在大量的(de)(de)(de)科(ke)學(xue)(xue)考(kao)察的(de)(de)(de)基礎(chu)上，完成(cheng)了(le)《黑龍江白樺(hua)川(chuan)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)濕地(di)(di)公園總體(ti)規劃》，為白樺(hua)川(chuan)濕地(di)(di)公園的(de)(de)(de)建設(she)和(he)發展提(ti)供了(le)科(ke)學(xue)(xue)依據。

公園內(nei)植物(wu)種類(lei)繁多(duo)，植被類(lei)型(xing)多(duo)樣(yang)，生境各異，自然景(jing)觀(guan)獨(du)特(te)，不僅(jin)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)有森林、沼(zhao)澤(ze)、草(cao)甸、水(shui)域(yu)及草(cao)塘等生態系統類(lei)型(xing)，而且還分(fen)(fen)布(bu)有五千年前火(huo)(huo)山噴發后形成的(de)熔(rong)巖臺地(di)(di)景(jing)觀(guan)，如火(huo)(huo)山口、熔(rong)巖臺地(di)(di)、熔(rong)巖浴(yu)場等，特(te)殊(shu)(shu)的(de)歷史、特(te)殊(shu)(shu)的(de)顏色、特(te)殊(shu)(shu)的(de)景(jing)觀(guan)，都會給游客帶來無窮的(de)想象和好(hao)奇。因此，為了更好(hao)地(di)(di)保(bao)護這片原(yuan)生性沼(zhao)澤(ze)濕地(di)(di)生態系統，提高(gao)人們保(bao)護生態環(huan)境及回歸自然的(de)情趣，建(jian)立白樺川國家濕地(di)(di)公園將具有重要的(de)現實意(yi)義(yi)和歷史意(yi)義(yi)。