貴(gui)州沿(yan)河(he)(he)烏江國家濕地公(gong)(gong)園位(wei)于沿(yan)河(he)(he)自(zi)治縣(xian)(xian)東(dong)部,東(dong)起沿(yan)河(he)(he)縣(xian)(xian)城(cheng),西至思(si)渠河(he)(he)口縣(xian)(xian)境內烏江主河(he)(he)道和(he)支流白(bai)泥(ni)河(he)(he),以及周(zhou)邊(bian)山體(ti)和(he)漫灘,總面積1136.35公(gong)(gong)頃,其中濕地面積為561公(gong)(gong)頃,濕地率為49%。
貴州沿(yan)河烏江國(guo)家濕地公(gong)園位于貴州省沿(yan)河土家族(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)、總面積1136.35公(gong)頃(qing)。
貴州沿(yan)河烏江(jiang)(jiang)國家濕地公園位于貴州省東北(bei)部(bu)、銅仁市西部(bu)、沿(yan)河土家族自治縣(xian)中東部(bu),規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)區東起烏江(jiang)(jiang)支流白泥河,向西至白泥河與烏江(jiang)(jiang)交匯口,南起烏江(jiang)(jiang)沿(yan)河二橋向北(bei)至麻陽河口。包括烏江(jiang)(jiang)部(bu)分主河道、支流白泥河及周邊河漫(man)灘和部(bu)分峽谷。規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)區自東向西依次涉及沙子鎮(zhen)(zhen)、和平(ping)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、黑獺鄉、黑水鄉和思渠鎮(zhen)(zhen)。坐標(biao)為(wei)東經108°19'45"—108°37'46",北(bei)緯28°34'26"—28°40'45",規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)總(zong)面(mian)積(ji)1136.35hm2,其中濕地面(mian)積(ji)為(wei)560.86hm2,占總(zong)面(mian)積(ji)的49.36%。
2013年12月31日經國家林(lin)業(ye)(ye)局專家組實地(di)(di)考察評估(gu)、集體(ti)評審和公(gong)示,并以(yi)國家林(lin)業(ye)(ye)局《關于同意天津武清永(yong)定河(he)(he)故道等131處濕(shi)地(di)(di)開展國家濕(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)園試點工作的通知》(林(lin)濕(shi)發[2013]243號)文件,同意貴州沿(yan)河(he)(he)烏江濕(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)園為(wei)國家級(ji)濕(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)園試點工作。
野生植物
沿(yan)河烏(wu)江國家濕地公(gong)園管理(li)局(ju)正式掛牌成立,為該縣(xian)林業(ye)局(ju)管理(li)的正科級事業(ye)單位,負責資源保護。
貴州沿(yan)河烏江(jiang)國(guo)(guo)家濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地公(gong)園地處武陵山(shan)區(qu),適宜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地形和(he)地貌條件,發育了獨特的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)地河流濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地系統,保(bao)存(cun)了較為原始的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地景觀。公(gong)園內(nei)共(gong)有濕(shi)(shi)(shi)生和(he)水生維管束植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)23科(ke)(ke)68種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),分(fen)別占(zhan)我國(guo)(guo)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地維管束植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)總科(ke)(ke)數、總種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)17.0%、4.7%。列(lie)入《重點(dian)保(bao)護(hu)野生植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)名錄(lu)(lu)》的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)就(jiu)有9種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其中國(guo)(guo)家I級(ji)保(bao)護(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),國(guo)(guo)家II級(ji)保(bao)護(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。公(gong)園內(nei)古樹名木較多(duo),2013年(nian)規劃組野外調(diao)查共(gong)記錄(lu)(lu)72株(zhu),其中河灘上胸徑大(da)于50公(gong)分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)楓楊63株(zhu)。公(gong)園內(nei)共(gong)有脊椎動物(wu)(wu)33目93科(ke)(ke)369種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。其中,魚(yu)類(lei)(lei)115種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),達(da)氏鱘、烏江(jiang)副鰍(qiu)、齊口裂腹(fu)魚(yu)等(deng)27種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)長江(jiang)上游特有魚(yu)類(lei)(lei)在(zai)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地公(gong)園烏江(jiang)段均有分(fen)布;兩棲動物(wu)(wu)15種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);爬行動物(wu)(wu)25種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)172種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);哺乳動物(wu)(wu)42種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。有國(guo)(guo)家I級(ji)保(bao)護(hu)動物(wu)(wu)達(da)氏鱘、林麝(she),國(guo)(guo)家Ⅱ級(ji)保(bao)護(hu)動物(wu)(wu)17種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),包括胭(yan)脂(zhi)魚(yu)、大(da)鯢、鴛鴦等(deng);有列(lie)入《中國(guo)(guo)瀕危動物(wu)(wu)紅皮書》易危種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)20種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),有紅點(dian)齒蟾(chan)、棘腹(fu)蛙、鱉、王錦蛇(she)等(deng);有列(lie)為瀕危種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),即尖吻蝮、貴州菊頭蝠、大(da)靈貓、林麝(she)、斑羚;有列(lie)為極危種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),即大(da)鯢。
貴(gui)州(zhou)沿河烏江(jiang)森林公園內,烏江(jiang)兩岸(an)聳立的喀斯特地貌和山(shan)(shan)巒巖壑幽深,纖(xian)道絕壁,怪石嵯(cuo)峨,銀(yin)泉(quan)飛瀑,水光鳥影(ying);白泥(ni)河灘洲交(jiao)錯,岸(an)邊(bian)古(gu)樹多姿,共同構成了(le)一(yi)幅山(shan)(shan)水交(jiao)融、水天一(yi)色的秀麗畫卷。
自然景觀
貴(gui)州(zhou)沿(yan)河(he)烏(wu)江(jiang)(jiang)國(guo)家(jia)濕(shi)地(di)公園以低(di)山河(he)流為主體,以低(di)山河(he)流與周邊(bian)森林組成獨(du)特(te)的濕(shi)地(di)與森林復合生(sheng)(sheng)態系統(tong),在我省及我國(guo)西(xi)南地(di)區(qu)(qu)具(ju)有(you)典(dian)型性和(he)代表(biao)(biao)性,具(ju)有(you)較高(gao)的濕(shi)地(di)保(bao)護(hu)和(he)宣(xuan)教(jiao)價值。通過貴(gui)州(zhou)沿(yan)河(he)烏(wu)江(jiang)(jiang)國(guo)家(jia)濕(shi)地(di)公園的規劃(hua)和(he)建(jian)設,將有(you)效保(bao)護(hu)烏(wu)江(jiang)(jiang)河(he)流濕(shi)地(di)生(sheng)(sheng)態系統(tong),保(bao)護(hu)長江(jiang)(jiang)流域珍稀的魚類資源(yuan)和(he)鳥(niao)類資源(yuan),發揮烏(wu)江(jiang)(jiang)調蓄洪水(shui)、涵養水(shui)源(yuan)、調節區(qu)(qu)域氣候和(he)保(bao)護(hu)生(sheng)(sheng)物多樣性等多種生(sheng)(sheng)態效益。同時(shi),充分(fen)利用規劃(hua)區(qu)(qu)現有(you)濕(shi)地(di)生(sheng)(sheng)態資源(yuan)和(he)土家(jia)民(min)族文化特(te)色,開展濕(shi)地(di)科普(pu)宣(xuan)教(jiao)和(he)休閑游憩活動,將貴(gui)州(zhou)沿(yan)河(he)烏(wu)江(jiang)(jiang)國(guo)家(jia)濕(shi)地(di)公園建(jian)設成為長江(jiang)(jiang)上(shang)游云貴(gui)高(gao)原地(di)區(qu)(qu)代表(biao)(biao)性的濕(shi)地(di)公園。