青(qing)(qing)(qing)華(hua)(hua)海屬怒江(jiang)水(shui)(shui)系,位于(yu)高黎(li)貢(gong)山怒江(jiang)河谷生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物多(duo)樣性保(bao)護(hu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態功能區南緣(yuan),這里是全球(qiu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物多(duo)樣性關(guan)鍵地(di)(di)(di)(di)區,也是東亞(ya)—澳大(da)利亞(ya)西亞(ya)國(guo)際候(hou)鳥遷徙(xi)路(lu)線重(zhong)(zhong)要節點。青(qing)(qing)(qing)華(hua)(hua)海濕地(di)(di)(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態系統的健康,對維系滇西的生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態安全和(he)(he)保(bao)障區域經濟社會可持續發(fa)展具有重(zhong)(zhong)要的戰略意義(yi)。在距今一萬多(duo)年的舊石器時代(dai),青(qing)(qing)(qing)華(hua)(hua)海是一個(ge)全封閉(bi)的哀牢古(gu)湖。明嘉靖年間(jian),著(zhu)名(ming)文學家(jia)楊升(sheng)庵(an)謫居(ju)保(bao)山,觀(guan)其“水(shui)(shui)草(cao)茂盛、百鳥紛飛”,取“東極青(qing)(qing)(qing)華(hua)(hua)大(da)地(di)(di)(di)(di)”之意而稱其為“青(qing)(qing)(qing)華(hua)(hua)海”。民國(guo)時期,這里還(huan)是一片水(shui)(shui)鄉澤國(guo),后因興修水(shui)(shui)利,圍湖造(zao)田(tian)等原因,漸被農(nong)田(tian)、藕(ou)塘所替代(dai)。為發(fa)揮青(qing)(qing)(qing)華(hua)(hua)海調節氣候(hou)、凈化污水(shui)(shui)、提(ti)供水(shui)(shui)源、農(nong)田(tian)灌(guan)溉,提(ti)供水(shui)(shui)產品和(he)(he)休閑游憩等綜合功能,完善怒江(jiang)濕地(di)(di)(di)(di)保(bao)護(hu)網(wang)絡體(ti)系,保(bao)護(hu)和(he)(he)恢復(fu)怒江(jiang)流(liu)域濕地(di)(di)(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物多(duo)樣性,中共(gong)保(bao)山市委、市政(zheng)府決定實施萬畝青(qing)(qing)(qing)華(hua)(hua)海濕地(di)(di)(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態恢復(fu)工程,傾力(li)打造(zao)一個(ge)集保(bao)護(hu)與(yu)恢復(fu)、科(ke)普教(jiao)育和(he)(he)合理利用于(yu)一體(ti)的國(guo)家(jia)濕地(di)(di)(di)(di)公園。
西(xi)(xi)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)包(bao)括(kuo)西(xi)(xi)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)面和永(yong)昌閣。目前(qian),永(yong)昌閣已成為保山地(di)標建(jian)筑。西(xi)(xi)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)水(shui)生(sheng)植物豐富,大片的荇菜引來水(shui)雉在此棲息。2017年3月(yue)底西(xi)(xi)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)來了(le)一對水(shui)雉,在西(xi)(xi)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)荇菜群落(luo)上做窩(wo)安家,4月(yue)水(shui)雉產(chan)下4枚(mei)蛋,5月(yue)孵化出(chu)4只水(shui)雉,水(shui)雉在西(xi)(xi)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)安家生(sheng)育繁衍。
東湖(hu)包括東湖(hu)湖(hu)面、環湖(hu)棧道、疊水瀑布和彩虹橋等景點(dian)。2018年底東湖(hu)來了(le)大量水鳥(niao)棲(qi)息。根據國家高原濕地(di)研究(jiu)中(zhong)心2019年1月5-7日的(de)調(diao)查數據,在東湖(hu)內(nei)共(gong)有赤麻鴨(ya)、赤膀(bang)鴨(ya)、紅頭潛鴨(ya)、白眼潛鴨(ya)、骨頂雞、紅嘴鷗、水雉、蒼鷺等31種(zhong)鳥(niao),16577只,東湖(hu)成為大量候鳥(niao)的(de)越冬(dong)地(di)。青華(hua)海的(de)冬(dong)天是鳥(niao)的(de)世界,觀鳥(niao)、拍(pai)鳥(niao)的(de)黃金時期(qi),這時候是觀鳥(niao)、拍(pai)鳥(niao)的(de)最佳(jia)季(ji)節。
永昌閣坐北朝南,三面環水,南側是廣場,屬于仿古園林建筑。永昌閣占地53.37畝,從外觀看只有5層,但里面的實際結構為9層,通過內部夾層樓板分開,每一層都有不同的功能與用途。第(di)(di)一(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)是(shi)大眾(zhong)旅游觀(guan)光廳,主要是(shi)休(xiu)閑用的;第(di)(di)二層(ceng)(ceng)是(shi)永(yong)子文化博物(wu)館;第(di)(di)三(san)層(ceng)(ceng)是(shi)永(yong)子傳承館;第(di)(di)四層(ceng)(ceng)是(shi)講棋廳;第(di)(di)五層(ceng)(ceng)是(shi)圖書閱覽室;第(di)(di)六(liu)層(ceng)(ceng)是(shi)高端比賽廳兼大眾(zhong)觀(guan)光廳;第(di)(di)七層(ceng)(ceng)屬(shu)于新聞發布廳;第(di)(di)八(ba)層(ceng)(ceng)屬(shu)于決賽廳;第(di)(di)九層(ceng)(ceng)可放眼觀(guan)景。
公(gong)交可以乘坐(zuo)10路(lu)公(gong)交車(che)(起點(dian):梨花塢站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),主(zhu)要途經(jing):工人文化宮站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)、百貨站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)、馬里中(zhong)心站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)、九龍站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)、海關站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)、商貿園(yuan)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)、公(gong)交中(zhong)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)、 宋家墩站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)、青華(hua)湖站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(下(xia)車(che))、打漁村站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)、保山一中(zhong)北門站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)、青東公(gong)園(yuan)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)、技師學院站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(東),終點(dian):新(xin)復(fu)烤廠站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan))。
云(yun)南(nan)青(qing)華(hua)海國(guo)家濕地(di)公園位于云(yun)南(nan)省保(bao)山(shan)(shan)市隆(long)陽(yang)(yang)區境(jing)內,地(di)處橫斷山(shan)(shan)區,怒江和瀾(lan)滄江之間的保(bao)山(shan)(shan)盆地(di)。地(di)理坐標為99°11′46~99°14′04,北緯25°06′25″~25°17′57″。北起(qi)北廟湖一(yi)級水(shui)源地(di)保(bao)護區及周邊公益林,南(nan)至保(bao)岫路,東(dong)臨青(qing)陽(yang)(yang)路,西接青(qing)華(hua)路。
濕(shi)地公園氣(qi)候(hou)屬西南季(ji)(ji)風區亞熱(re)帶高(gao)(gao)原氣(qi)候(hou)類(lei)型(xing),加之低緯(wei)度(du)高(gao)(gao)海拔(ba)和海拔(ba)高(gao)(gao)程差異較(jiao)大的(de)復雜地形,使隆陽區形成“一山(shan)分四季(ji)(ji),十里不同天”的(de)立(li)體氣(qi)候(hou),熱(re)、溫(wen)(wen)、寒(han)(han)三(san)種(zhong)氣(qi)候(hou)類(lei)型(xing)俱全(quan)。隆陽區大部分地區冬無(wu)嚴寒(han)(han),夏無(wu)酷熱(re),四季(ji)(ji)如(ru)春,終年(nian)(nian)常綠(lv)。最冷1月平均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)8.5℃,最熱(re)月7月平均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)20.7℃,年(nian)(nian)平均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)15.5℃,年(nian)(nian)極端(duan)(duan)最高(gao)(gao)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)32.4℃,年(nian)(nian)極端(duan)(duan)最低氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)-3.8℃。全(quan)年(nian)(nian)無(wu)霜期290天以(yi)上,冬春兩季(ji)(ji)雨量較(jiao)少,夏秋兩季(ji)(ji)雨量較(jiao)多,年(nian)(nian)平均(jun)降(jiang)雨量966.5毫(hao)米(mi)。
濕(shi)地公園內共(gong)有(you)維管束植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)148科492屬(shu)(shu)(shu)761種(zhong),其中(zhong)藻(zao)類植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)1科1屬(shu)(shu)(shu)1種(zhong),維管植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)147科491屬(shu)(shu)(shu)760種(zhong)。維管植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)包(bao)括蕨(jue)類植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)13科18屬(shu)(shu)(shu)21種(zhong);裸(luo)子(zi)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)6科11屬(shu)(shu)(shu)15種(zhong);被子(zi)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)125科463屬(shu)(shu)(shu)724種(zhong)。
其中(zhong)禿杉(shan)、喜(xi)樹、金蕎麥、野菱為國(guo)家(jia)二級保(bao)護(hu)植(zhi)物(wu),碩大(da)麃草(cao)是云南(nan)新記錄(lu)。脊椎(zhui)動物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)共(gong)有76科(ke)230種(zhong)(zhong),其中(zhong)獸(shou)類(lei)15科(ke)24種(zhong)(zhong)、鳥類(lei)45科(ke)208種(zhong)(zhong)、爬行動物(wu)4科(ke)14種(zhong)(zhong)、兩(liang)棲動物(wu)5科(ke)12種(zhong)(zhong)、魚類(lei)8科(ke)18種(zhong)(zhong)。其中(zhong)黑鸛、黃喉貂(diao)、白腹錦雞、紅(hong)瘰疣(you)螈(yuan)等17種(zhong)(zhong)屬國(guo)家(jia)重點保(bao)護(hu)動物(wu)。