歷史沿革
鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)山(shan)創于明洪武十(shi)八年( 1385年),東(dong)鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)村(cun)、南(nan)鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)村(cun)和西鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)村(cun)合稱(cheng)鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)山(shan)(因村(cun)內有兩座形狀像鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的山(shan)而得名(ming)),現隸(li)屬于西臚(lu)鎮。早在元(yuan)朝時期就有人家居住記載(zai)。鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)山(shan)現主要姓氏(shi)(shi)為莊、李、鄭(zheng)(zheng);其(qi)它姓氏(shi)(shi)有陳、陸。1956年鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)山(shan)拆(chai)鄉(xiang),定名(ming)為為鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)一、鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)二、鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)三;1959年改為鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)東(dong)、鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)南(nan)、鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)西,1969改為東(dong)鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)、西鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)、南(nan)鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)并沿用(yong)至今。雖然拆(chai)鄉(xiang)了,但周邊鄰(lin)里(li)仍(reng)稱(cheng)鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)山(shan)莊、鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)山(shan)李、鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)山(shan)鄭(zheng)(zheng)。
特色文化
鳳(feng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)上,有(you)一處巨字(zi)“自古(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)寨(zhai)”的摩(mo)崖石刻,原有(you)幼字(zi)“元舉(ju)逸叟授巡海僉憲(xian)呂養(yang)鐫”早已(yi)湮(yin)沒,后(hou)人(ren)再補(bu)刻呂養(yang)鐫等字(zi)樣。在石刻周圍青石仍保留著當年山(shan)(shan)(shan)寨(zhai)房(fang)屋楹洞。和呂養(yang)同(tong)時期的鳳(feng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)人(ren)陸師功有(you)《寨(zhai)陵纖歌》:“古(gu)兮山(shan)(shan)(shan)寨(zhai),卜居兮廣廈,開張召(zhao)陸郭,臨莊陳李鄭。”看出鳳(feng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)古(gu)寨(zhai)由來已(yi)久,以(yi)及諸姓氏卜居鳳(feng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈絡(luo)。
抗戰錄
元(yuan)初成宗年間(jian)下詔(zhao)求賢,就有呂養舉(ju)遺(yi)逸(yi),官授巡海僉事,他在(zai)山(shan)寨(zhai)頂留(liu)下的(de)(de)“自古(gu)山(shan)寨(zhai)”至今還尚(shang)留(liu)。時到明代潮陽(yang)縣志寫(xie)到:竹(zhu)山(shan)------間(jian)有勇壯,力卻(que)萬(wan)夫----的(de)(de)記載;曾(ceng)在(zai)鳳(feng)(feng)山(shan)讀(du)書的(de)(de)林大(da)春在(zai)《陳(chen)南野保障(zhang)(zhang)鳳(feng)(feng)山(shan)序》中,第一句為:“鳳(feng)(feng)山(shan)有古(gu)寨(zhai),其來已久”。潮陽(yang)元(yuan)代期間(jian)著名隱士陳(chen)牧隱《題鳳(feng)(feng)山(shan)古(gu)寨(zhai)》中曾(ceng)詩云:“保障(zhang)(zhang)當(dang)年建義旗,鳳(feng)(feng)山(shan)磐石繞陽(yang)溪。英雄(xiong)戰壘(lei)今何在(zai)?萬(wan)古(gu)鴉(ya)聲對落暉。”(錄在(zai)清代《古(gu)瀛(ying)詩苑;前集》)可(ke)見當(dang)年鳳(feng)(feng)山(shan)寨(zhai)在(zai)抗元(yuan)時期壯烈場面。
明朝天順六年(1462),揭陽廈嶺(ling)一(yi)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(今汕(shan)頭市區金砂一(yi)帶(dai)(dai)(dai))有(you)魏崇輝(hui)聚眾(zhong)集結為寇,流(liu)竄在沿海(hai)一(yi)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)搶奪,所到之處便潰(kui)不成鄉,惟獨鳳(feng)山(shan)(shan)有(you)西麓(lu)(今西鳳(feng))曲巷陳(chen)(chen)有(you)然裔孫陳(chen)(chen)庸樂(字千山(shan)(shan),諱(hui)中(zhong)國(guo),為鳳(feng)山(shan)(shan)李(li)氏之外祖)率(lv)眾(zhong)在寨頂筑寨倡導鄉眾(zhong)力起抗敵,身先士卒,后李(li)靖(jing)化(鳳(feng)山(shan)(shan)李(li)氏三世(shi),諱(hui)得(de)功(gong),謚號寧(ning)化)也奮(fen)身當先帶(dai)(dai)(dai)領族人(ren)踴躍殺(sha)賊數萬人(ren),鳳(feng)山(shan)(shan)因此得(de)以安寧(ning)。第二年,按察司僉事(shi)(shi)毛吉帶(dai)(dai)(dai)兵攻(gong)打廈嶺(ling),潮陽縣令陳(chen)(chen)瑄(xuan)也帶(dai)(dai)(dai)領民(min)眾(zhong)配合,官(guan)兵夾(jia)攻(gong)賊巢,平(ping)亂時以鳳(feng)山(shan)(shan)寨鄉勇為基干(gan)。李(li)靖(jing)化因此事(shi)(shi)有(you)功(gong)拔補(bu)海(hai)門所吏(li)目歷升千戶使,潮州衛鎮撫(fu)使,攝指揮使,后練(lian)兵寧(ning)化。
嘉靖(jing)三十(shi)二(er)年(nian)(1553)海寇(kou)(kou)(kou)許(xu)棟糾合倭(wo)(wo)寇(kou)(kou)(kou),聚眾(zhong)數(shu)(shu)千人流搶(qiang)于潮陽間,還(huan)有(you)當(dang)(dang)時(shi)的(de)海寇(kou)(kou)(kou)何(he)阿八等活躍在濱海一(yi)(yi)(yi)帶搶(qiang)劫。1558年(nian)正月,倭(wo)(wo)寇(kou)(kou)(kou)吳老番(fan)從福建漳州(zhou)(或泉州(zhou))到牛田(tian)洋(yang)兩岸的(de)蓬州(zhou),錢崗,鳳(feng)山(shan)等地(di)流搶(qiang),為(wei)(wei)保(bao)護鄉(xiang)寨(zhai),陳(chen)南(nan)(nan)(nan)野(ye)(ye)(字友仁,陳(chen)千山(shan)之元孫)與其(qi)弟(di)山(shan)谷倡(chang)議修復(fu)山(shan)寨(zhai),在山(shan)上四圍筑墻并帶領(ling)族人守住寨(zhai)頂。1559年(nian)十(shi)月至十(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)倭(wo)(wo)寇(kou)(kou)(kou)又(you)從海門燒船(chuan)登陸攻(gong)(gong)擊潮陽城,被鄉(xiang)民官兵擊退后轉(zhuan)到縣城以北竹(zhu)山(shan)都諸寨(zhai),當(dang)(dang)時(shi)倭(wo)(wo)寇(kou)(kou)(kou)在鳳(feng)山(shan)寨(zhai)腳登陸,陳(chen)南(nan)(nan)(nan)野(ye)(ye)同鄉(xiang)勇用箭(jian)石擊退倭(wo)(wo)寇(kou)(kou)(kou)多次進攻(gong)(gong),李翠(cui)峰(feng)(名垂青,諱夏時(shi),李氏(shi)六(liu)世)等也相繼(ji)率(lv)子弟(di)奮(fen)起相隨,以石和火銃(chong)擊退來(lai)(lai)犯倭(wo)(wo)寇(kou)(kou)(kou),保(bao)住了鄉(xiang)寨(zhai)。同年(nian)11月 倭(wo)(wo)寇(kou)(kou)(kou)千余人從達濠會同牛田(tian)(現(xian)在的(de)汕頭(tou)蜈(wu)田(tian))海賊許(xu)朝光一(yi)(yi)(yi)伙,自錢崗渡進襲鳳(feng)山(shan),又(you)被守寨(zhai)鄉(xiang)勇擊潰,還(huan)乘勝追擊,繳獲(huo)一(yi)(yi)(yi)批賊物。迫使(shi)倭(wo)(wo)寇(kou)(kou)(kou)轉(zhuan)掠和平,赤寮,棉湖(當(dang)(dang)時(shi)為(wei)(wei)潮陽黃坑(keng)都)等寨(zhai)。1560年(nian)正月,倭(wo)(wo)寇(kou)(kou)(kou)又(you)大(da)(da)(da)(da)舉來(lai)(lai)犯鳳(feng)山(shan)。寨(zhai)眾(zhong)因前幾(ji)次作(zuo)戰(zhan)經歷是(shi)屢(lv)戰(zhan)屢(lv)勝,一(yi)(yi)(yi)鼓作(zuo)氣,士氣高昂,無(wu)(wu)不(bu)(bu)是(shi)能(neng)以一(yi)(yi)(yi)當(dang)(dang)百的(de),倭(wo)(wo)寇(kou)(kou)(kou)大(da)(da)(da)(da)敗,鄉(xiang)勇是(shi)越戰(zhan)越勇,繼(ji)續追殺,殺死倭(wo)(wo)寇(kou)(kou)(kou)無(wu)(wu)數(shu)(shu),戰(zhan)役中(zhong)鳳(feng)山(shan)鄉(xiang)勇死者僅為(wei)(wei)數(shu)(shu)人。當(dang)(dang)時(shi)戰(zhan)斗在最激烈時(shi)陳(chen)南(nan)(nan)(nan)野(ye)(ye)家(jia)中(zhong)剛(gang)好失火,他不(bu)(bu)顧家(jia)中(zhong)大(da)(da)(da)(da)火,繼(ji)續督戰(zhan),戰(zhan)后家(jia)中(zhong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)切盡毀于火中(zhong),大(da)(da)(da)(da)家(jia)深(shen)感嘆息之時(shi),陳(chen)南(nan)(nan)(nan)野(ye)(ye)卻坦然(ran)說:“吾鄉(xiang)幸得保(bao)住,家(jia)室有(you)何(he)可(ke)惜”。寨(zhai)中(zhong)無(wu)(wu)不(bu)(bu)感然(ran),一(yi)(yi)(yi)致要求刻石以紀其(qi)棄家(jia)守寨(zhai),三戰(zhan)三勝的(de)功勞。當(dang)(dang)時(shi)已身為(wei)(wei)兩浙文宗的(de)林大(da)(da)(da)(da)春為(wei)(wei)其(qi)作(zuo)序(xu)《陳(chen)南(nan)(nan)(nan)野(ye)(ye)保(bao)障鳳(feng)山(shan)序(xu)》。(林大(da)(da)(da)(da)春為(wei)(wei)陳(chen)姓外甥,小時(shi)在鳳(feng)山(shan)陳(chen)道巖(yan)讀書,筆者認(ren)為(wei)(wei)可(ke)能(neng)和陳(chen)南(nan)(nan)(nan)野(ye)(ye)是(shi)表兄弟(di),當(dang)(dang)然(ran)陳(chen)是(shi)功不(bu)(bu)可(ke)沒)
嘉靖四十二年(1563)三月,大(da)批倭(wo)寇(kou)擊舉(ju)(ju)潮(chao)陽,圍縣城四十多(duo)(duo)(duo)天(tian),又向北掠奪,所到之處幾(ji)(ji)無(wu)生(sheng)靈。因(yin)多(duo)(duo)(duo)次被(bei)鳳山擊潰而加強進攻,雙方相持一個多(duo)(duo)(duo)月,因(yin)無(wu)接濟救援(yuan)而失陷,李(li),陳(chen)等(deng)西社多(duo)(duo)(duo)全家搬住(zhu)在寨頂,而下山幾(ji)(ji)各姓氏多(duo)(duo)(duo)被(bei)倭(wo)寇(kou)殘殺,多(duo)(duo)(duo)舉(ju)(ju)家奔走他處,全寨屋宇幾(ji)(ji)為(wei)平地(di)。時至第二年秋(qiu),福(fu)建,廣(guang)東會合大(da)舉(ju)(ju)剿(jiao)滅倭(wo)寇(kou)。才得以平息,逃離的(de)他鄉的(de)民(min)眾也有逐漸回鄉重建家園(yuan)。