太子(zi)山(shan)國家級自然保護區前身為臨(lin)夏(xia)州太子(zi)山(shan)總場(chang),建(jian)場(chang)于1957年(nian);1991年(nian)更名為“臨(lin)夏(xia)回族自治州太子(zi)山(shan)水源涵養林(lin)建(jian)設總場(chang)”。
2001年(nian)12月,甘肅省政府決定將太子(zi)山林(lin)區(qu)移交省林(lin)業廳直屬(shu)管(guan)理。
2002年(nian)7月,甘肅(su)省(sheng)政府(fu)頒發了林權證(zheng);2003年(nian)9月,太子山自然保護(hu)區管理(li)局(ju)掛牌成立。
2005年12月,批準(zhun)為甘肅省級自然保護區。
2012年1月由國(guo)務(wu)院辦公(gong)廳確定為國(guo)家級(ji)自然保護區。
太(tai)子山國家級自(zi)(zi)然保護區(qu)位(wei)于臨(lin)(lin)夏回族自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)州與甘南藏(zang)族自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)州之間,東(dong)南起洮河下游(you)地(di)區(qu),西南與甘南州臨(lin)(lin)潭(tan)、夏河、合作、卓尼四縣(市)及(ji)青海省(sheng)循化縣毗鄰,東(dong)北(bei)和臨(lin)(lin)夏州康樂、和政(zheng)、臨(lin)(lin)夏、積石四縣相接(jie)。地(di)理位(wei)置(zhi)介于東(dong)經(jing)102°43′~103°42′,北(bei)緯35°02′~35°36′之間。
太(tai)子山(shan)國家級自然(ran)保護區海拔在2200—4636米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)之(zhi)間(jian),主要由(you)太(tai)子山(shan)脈發(fa)源而來(lai)的一系列(lie)山(shan)峰(feng)和溝谷組成,其中海拔超過(guo)4000米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)以上(shang)的山(shan)峰(feng)有(you):巴楞山(shan)(4080米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi))、公太(tai)子山(shan)(4162米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi))、母太(tai)子山(shan)(4332米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi))等。
太子山國家級自然保護區屬溫帶大(da)陸性(xing)氣候,年平(ping)(ping)均氣溫5.1℃,無霜期(qi)110天左右,年平(ping)(ping)均降雨量660毫米。
太(tai)子山國家級自然(ran)保護(hu)區(qu)從東向西縱布著近30條峽(xia)谷,每條山谷間都(dou)有河(溪(xi))流流淌:據(ju)統計,發(fa)源于保護(hu)區(qu)的大(da)小河(溪(xi))流近200多條,其(qi)中較大(da)的河流有16條。
太子山國(guo)家級自然保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)總面積8.47萬(wan)公頃(qing)。其中核心區(qu)2.6792萬(wan)公頃(qing),緩(huan)沖(chong)區(qu)3.2982萬(wan)公頃(qing),實驗區(qu)2.4926萬(wan)公頃(qing)。
太(tai)子山國(guo)家級自然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區主要保(bao)護(hu)(hu)對象為青藏高原與黃土高原過(guo)渡(du)地帶(dai)森林生(sheng)(sheng)態系(xi)統及生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)多樣性,屬(shu)于自然(ran)生(sheng)(sheng)態系(xi)統類別林生(sheng)(sheng)態系(xi)統類型(xing)自然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區。
太子(zi)山國家級自(zi)然保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區生物(wu)多樣(yang)性十分豐(feng)富,稀(xi)有(you)(you)性顯著(zhu),據保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區官方資(zi)料(liao),截止(zhi)到2008年,共有(you)(you)維管植(zhi)物(wu)838種,其中稀(xi)有(you)(you)瀕危和重點保(bao)護(hu)(hu)植(zhi)物(wu)有(you)(you)桃兒(er)七、紅(hong)花綠絨(rong)蒿、星葉草等51種。
截止(zhi)到2008年(nian),太子山國(guo)家(jia)級自然保(bao)護(hu)區有脊椎(zhui)動物(wu)208種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),包括雪豹、林麝、蘇門(men)羚等(deng)國(guo)家(jia)重(zhong)點保(bao)護(hu)野生動物(wu)11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),鳥類(lei)130種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),包括胡兀鷲、蒼鷹、藍馬雞(ji)等(deng)國(guo)家(jia)重(zhong)點保(bao)護(hu)鳥類(lei)21種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);有兩(liang)棲(qi)爬行動物(wu)8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其中兩(liang)棲(qi)類(lei)5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),爬行類(lei)3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);有魚類(lei)10種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);昆(kun)蟲682種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);有大型(xing)真菌61種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)總數(shu)1789種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),占甘肅(su)省物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)總數(shu)3560的50.25%。
太(tai)子山國家(jia)級自然(ran)保(bao)護區(qu)由(you)于境內(nei)群(qun)峰林立(li),溪流奔涌,地(di)貌奇特,林海雪原,形成了二郎(lang)廟(miao)、麻山峽、后東灣、扎子河、藥水峽、松鳴巖、鐵溝(gou)、大灣灘、三岔溝(gou)、槐(huai)樹(shu)關(guan)、關(guan)灘等10多處風(feng)光(guang)各異的森林風(feng)景區(qu),吸引了省內(nei)外游(you)客紛紛前(qian)來休閑度假(jia)、觀光(guang)旅游(you)。
根(gen)據(ju)保護局對林(lin)業(ye)科(ke)研(yan)工作(zuo)的要求和保護區林(lin)業(ye)生產實(shi)際,局科(ke)研(yan)中(zhong)(zhong)心對八站(圃(pu))下達了2014年林(lin)業(ye)實(shi)驗(yan)項(xiang)目任務,內容包括落葉(xie)松鞘蛾防(fang)治(zhi)試(shi)驗(yan)、藍(lan)云(yun)(yun)杉栽培試(shi)驗(yan)、云(yun)(yun)杉苗化(hua)學除草推(tui)廣試(shi)驗(yan)、落葉(xie)松葉(xie)蜂防(fang)治(zhi)試(shi)驗(yan)、中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)鼢鼠投藥防(fang)治(zhi)等(deng)5項(xiang)林(lin)業(ye)試(shi)驗(yan)項(xiang)目,要求各站(圃(pu))積(ji)極(ji)做好試(shi)驗(yan)方案、觀測記錄等(deng)工作(zuo),認真(zhen)總結分析試(shi)驗(yan)效果,并積(ji)極(ji)撰寫林(lin)業(ye)科(ke)研(yan)論文,在省(sheng)級(ji)以上(shang)科(ke)研(yan)刊(kan)物上(shang)投稿發表。
太子山國(guo)家級自然(ran)保(bao)護區為縣級事業(ye)單位,內設(she)(she)(she)紀委(wei)、工會、辦(ban)公室、計(ji)財(cai)科(ke)(ke)(ke)、人事科(ke)(ke)(ke)、資源(yuan)保(bao)護科(ke)(ke)(ke)、防火辦(ban)、宣(xuan)傳科(ke)(ke)(ke)、科(ke)(ke)(ke)研中心、林業(ye)有害生物防治檢疫科(ke)(ke)(ke)、生態工程科(ke)(ke)(ke)、產業(ye)開發科(ke)(ke)(ke)、林業(ye)調查隊、共(gong)青團委(wei)14個(ge)部門科(ke)(ke)(ke)室;下設(she)(she)(she)總公司、藥(yao)(yao)水峽旅(lv)游公司兩個(ge)經營性單位;下轄(xia)紫溝、東灣(wan)、藥(yao)(yao)水、松鳴巖(yan)、新營、甲灘、關灘和(he)槐山子8個(ge)保(bao)護站(圃),7站1圃設(she)(she)(she)立(li)了42個(ge)保(bao)護段(duan)(點(dian))。保(bao)護區成立(li)有甘(gan)肅省森林公安局太子山分(fen)局,為副縣級建制,下轄(xia)紫溝、東灣(wan)、藥(yao)(yao)水、新營、刁祁5個(ge)林區派出所。保(bao)護局實行局站點(dian)三(san)級管理體系。
2001至2008年(nian)(nian)太子山(shan)國家級自然保(bao)(bao)(bao)護區共完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)退耕還林荒山(shan)造(zao)(zao)(zao)林任務9.8萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu),封山(shan)育林2.0萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)。其(qi)中:2001年(nian)(nian),甘肅省上下(xia)達(da)太子山(shan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護局退耕還林荒山(shan)造(zao)(zao)(zao)林任務0.5萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu),實(shi)(shi)際(ji)完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)0.5萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu),成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)活(huo)率(lv)(lv)(lv)85%;2002年(nian)(nian)下(xia)達(da)0.8萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu),實(shi)(shi)際(ji)完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)0.8萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu),成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)活(huo)率(lv)(lv)(lv)88%;2003年(nian)(nian)下(xia)達(da)1.0萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu),實(shi)(shi)際(ji)完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)1.0萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu),成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)活(huo)率(lv)(lv)(lv)90%;2004年(nian)(nian)下(xia)達(da)2.0萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu),實(shi)(shi)際(ji)完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)2.0萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu),成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)活(huo)率(lv)(lv)(lv)88%;2005年(nian)(nian)下(xia)達(da)3.5萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu),實(shi)(shi)際(ji)完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)3.5萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu),其(qi)中:荒山(shan)造(zao)(zao)(zao)林1.5萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu),成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)活(huo)率(lv)(lv)(lv)89%,封山(shan)育林2.0萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu);2006年(nian)(nian)下(xia)達(da)1.5萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu),實(shi)(shi)際(ji)完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)1.5萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu),成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)活(huo)率(lv)(lv)(lv)90%;2007年(nian)(nian)下(xia)達(da)2.0萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu),實(shi)(shi)際(ji)完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)2.0萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu),成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)活(huo)率(lv)(lv)(lv)89%;2008年(nian)(nian)下(xia)達(da)0.5萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu),實(shi)(shi)際(ji)完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)0.5萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu),成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)活(huo)率(lv)(lv)(lv)90%。歷年(nian)(nian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)存(cun)率(lv)(lv)(lv)都(dou)在90%以上。
太子(zi)山國家(jia)級(ji)(ji)自然(ran)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區在涵(han)養(yang)水(shui)源(yuan)、保(bao)(bao)持(chi)水(shui)土(tu)、調節氣候、維(wei)護(hu)生(sheng)態良(liang)性循環等方(fang)面(mian)具有重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)作用,是(shi)甘肅中部(bu)和(he)青海省東部(bu)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)的(de)綠色屏障,是(shi)黃河上游重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)的(de)水(shui)源(yuan)涵(han)養(yang)林(lin)區。太子(zi)山國家(jia)級(ji)(ji)自然(ran)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區對黃河的(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)支流(liu)(liu)大夏河與(yu)(yu)洮河的(de)水(shui)源(yuan)補(bu)給保(bao)(bao)護(hu),防止水(shui)土(tu)流(liu)(liu)失、保(bao)(bao)護(hu)森林(lin)與(yu)(yu)草地植被、維(wei)護(hu)當地與(yu)(yu)黃河流(liu)(liu)域的(de)生(sheng)態安全、促進社會經(jing)濟可持(chi)續發展有著十分(fen)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)的(de)意義。