芒果视频

歷史沿革

2001年成立友好自然保護(hu)區；

2004年被(bei)國家林業(ye)局批準為省（部）級自然保護區；

2006年被省(sheng)政府批準為省(sheng)級自然保護區；

2012年晉升為國家級(ji)自(zi)然保護區。

2018年(nian)2月11日(ri)被列入(ru)國際重要濕地。

地理環境

地理位置

黑龍江友(you)好自然保(bao)護(hu)區地處(chu)小興安(an)嶺山脈中段，橫(heng)跨(kua)小興安(an)嶺主脈的南北(bei)兩(liang)坡，地理(li)坐標為(wei)東經128°10′15″—128°33′25″，北(bei)緯(wei)48°13′07″—48°33′15″。

氣候

黑龍江(jiang)友(you)好國家(jia)級(ji)自然保護區屬北溫(wen)帶(dai)大陸性濕潤季風氣候區，年平均氣溫(wen)在(zai)0.4℃左右，夏季平均溫(wen)度為20℃至(zhi)22℃，且晝夜溫(wen)差較大，有(you)6個月的(de)冰封(feng)期。

水文

黑龍江(jiang)友好自然保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)區(qu)域河流充(chong)沛(pei)，擁有(you)流域面積廣(guang)闊的友好河水系。

自然資源

植物資源

黑(hei)龍(long)江友好國家級自然保(bao)護區(qu)共有高(gao)等植物(wu)836種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)中(zhong)包括1亞種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，23變(bian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，3變(bian)型。其(qi)中(zhong)苔蘚植物(wu)56科(ke)(ke)(ke)，100屬，183種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)保(bao)護區(qu)總科(ke)(ke)(ke)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)35.22%，占(zhan)總屬數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)24.15%，占(zhan)總種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)21.89%；蕨類植物(wu)41種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，隸(li)(li)屬于14科(ke)(ke)(ke)，26屬，分(fen)別占(zhan)保(bao)護區(qu)總種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)4.90%；占(zhan)總科(ke)(ke)(ke)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)8.81%；占(zhan)總屬數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)6.28%；種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)植物(wu)（裸子(zi)(zi)和被子(zi)(zi)植物(wu)）612種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)總種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)73.21%，隸(li)(li)屬于89科(ke)(ke)(ke)，288屬，分(fen)別占(zhan)保(bao)護區(qu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)、屬的(de)55.97%，69.57%。

動物資源

黑龍江友好(hao)自然保護區動物(wu)區系(xi)屬古(gu)北(bei)界、東(dong)(dong)北(bei)亞界、東(dong)(dong)北(bei)區、長(chang)白山(shan)亞區小興安嶺(ling)山(shan)地省，野(ye)生動物(wu)區系(xi)介于大興安嶺(ling)和長(chang)白山(shan)地之間，其東(dong)(dong)部(bu)為三江平(ping)原(yuan)，西(xi)部(bu)為松(song)嫩平(ping)原(yuan)。因此，野(ye)生動物(wu)區系(xi)組成比(bi)較(jiao)豐富。

黑龍江友好國(guo)家級自然保(bao)護區(qu)內現存的脊椎動(dong)物共有(you)(you)330種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)中魚類(lei)有(you)(you)5目(mu)11科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)43種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；兩棲(qi)類(lei)有(you)(you)2目(mu)4科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；爬(pa)行類(lei)共有(you)(you)3目(mu)4科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；鳥(niao)類(lei)17目(mu)44科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)221種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；獸類(lei)6目(mu)l6科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)47種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),國(guo)家Ⅰ級保(bao)護動(dong)物6種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，國(guo)家Ⅱ級保(bao)護動(dong)物36種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。此(ci)外，還有(you)(you)昆蟲(chong)動(dong)物12目(mu)95科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)370種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。

1、魚類

黑龍(long)(long)江友好(hao)國家級自(zi)然保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)共有魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)5目11科(ke)43種，占(zhan)黑龍(long)(long)江省魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)總數105種的(de)41.0%，占(zhan)小興安(an)嶺(ling)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)總數71種的(de)63.3%，其中鯉(li)科(ke)（Cyprinidae）魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)多，為27種，占(zhan)保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)總數的(de)62.8%；其次是鰍科(ke)（Cobitidae）魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)，有4種，占(zhan)保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)總數的(de)9.3%，鮭科(ke)（Salmonidae）魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)3種，占(zhan)總數的(de)7.0%；鯰科(ke)（Siluridae）魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)2種，占(zhan)保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)總數的(de)4.7%；茴魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)科(ke)（Thymallidae）、胡(hu)瓜魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)科(ke)（Osmeridae）、狗魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)科(ke)（Esocidae）、塘鱧(li)科(ke)（Eleotridae）、鲿(chang)科(ke)（Bagridae）、鮨科(ke)（Serranidae）、鱈(xue)科(ke)（Gadidae）各1種，分別占(zhan)總數的(de)2.3%。

2、兩棲類及爬(pa)行類

黑龍(long)江友好國(guo)家級自然保護區內兩(liang)棲(qi)動(dong)物(wu)共(gong)有9種，隸屬(shu)于(yu)2目(mu)5科，占黑龍(long)江省(sheng)兩(liang)棲(qi)動(dong)物(wu)種數(shu)的(de)75.0%；爬行(xing)動(dong)物(wu)10種，隸屬(shu)于(yu)3目(mu)4科，占黑龍(long)江省(sheng)爬行(xing)動(dong)物(wu)種數(shu)的(de)62.5%。

保護區(qu)內兩棲(qi)類有尾(wei)目中(zhong)以極北(bei)鯢（Salamandrella keyserlingii）較常(chang)見，東北(bei)小鯢（Hynobius leechii）偶(ou)爾(er)可(ke)見。極北(bei)鯢每(mei)年(nian)春(chun)夏(xia)季在山溪及其附(fu)近的沼澤中(zhong)常(chang)可(ke)見到(dao)實(shi)體(ti)和卵袋；無尾(wei)目中(zhong)常(chang)見的是(shi)(shi)(shi)黑龍(long)江林蛙（Rana amurensis）、中(zhong)國林蛙（Rana chensinensis）、東北(bei)雨蛙（Hyla arborea）、中(zhong)華(hua)蟾蜍（Bufo gargarizans）和花背蟾蜍（Bufo raddei）。夏(xia)季常(chang)見的優勢種是(shi)(shi)(shi)東北(bei)雨蛙，在濕(shi)地中(zhong)有相當大的數(shu)量(liang)。黑斑(ban)蛙（Rana nigromaculata）在這(zhe)里是(shi)(shi)(shi)偶(ou)見種。

保護區(qu)內爬行類龜鱉(bie)目中(zhong)的(de)(de)鱉(bie)（Trionyx sinensis）偶爾可(ke)見(jian)(jian)(jian)，數(shu)量極少(shao)。蜥蜴(yi)目中(zhong)的(de)(de)胎生(sheng)蜥蜴(yi)（Lacertavivipara）是這(zhe)里(li)的(de)(de)常見(jian)(jian)(jian)種(zhong)(zhong)，常活動于(yu)林緣、路旁(pang)、倒木下(xia)，其卵胎生(sheng)的(de)(de)繁殖(zhi)方式是適應這(zhe)里(li)極為寒(han)冷、無霜期短的(de)(de)氣(qi)候的(de)(de)很好方式。黑龍(long)江草蜥（Takydromusamurensis）為常見(jian)(jian)(jian)種(zhong)(zhong)。這(zhe)里(li)較(jiao)為常見(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)蛇(she)類是白(bai)條(tiao)錦(jin)蛇(she)（Elaphe dione）和烏蘇里(li)蝮（Gloydius ussuriensis），它們分布(bu)較(jiao)廣，大(da)多數(shu)山(shan)地均可(ke)見(jian)(jian)(jian)到(dao)。體形較(jiao)大(da)的(de)(de)棕黑錦(jin)蛇(she)（E.schrenckii）在這(zhe)里(li)是偶見(jian)(jian)(jian)種(zhong)(zhong)。紅(hong)點錦(jin)蛇(she)（E.rufodorsata）、巖棲蝮（Gloydius saxaticis）和虎斑頸槽蛇(she)（Rhabdophis tigrinus）分布(bu)于(yu)河流附近(jin)的(de)(de)濕地和石山(shan)上，數(shu)量稀少(shao)。

3、鳥類

黑龍江(jiang)友好自(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)生境類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)多(duo)樣，決定了該(gai)(gai)區(qu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)資源的(de)(de)多(duo)樣性。經調查及文(wen)獻統計(ji)，保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)內(nei)共有(you)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)17目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)44科(ke)221種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)黑龍江(jiang)省鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)60.4%，占(zhan)(zhan)小興安嶺鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)85.30%，其(qi)中(zhong)非(fei)雀(que)(que)(que)形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)分(fen)布有(you)24科(ke)113種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)51.1%，雀(que)(que)(que)形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)分(fen)布有(you)20科(ke)108種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)48.9%。據統計(ji)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)內(nei)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)候(hou)(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)多(duo)達134種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)60.63%，其(qi)中(zhong)非(fei)雀(que)(que)(que)形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)68種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)候(hou)(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)50.7%，在雀(que)(que)(que)形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)中(zhong)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)候(hou)(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)有(you)66種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)全區(qu)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)候(hou)(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)49.3%。冬(dong)候(hou)(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)（W）種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)很少(shao)，僅分(fen)布有(you)15種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)6.79%，其(qi)中(zhong)非(fei)雀(que)(que)(que)形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)僅有(you)3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)該(gai)(gai)區(qu)冬(dong)候(hou)(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)20.0%，雀(que)(que)(que)形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)12種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)該(gai)(gai)區(qu)冬(dong)候(hou)(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)80.0%。保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)共有(you)留(liu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)（R）34種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)全區(qu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)15.38%，其(qi)中(zhong)非(fei)雀(que)(que)(que)形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)14種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)全區(qu)留(liu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)41.2%，雀(que)(que)(que)形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)有(you)20種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)全區(qu)留(liu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)58.8%。該(gai)(gai)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)旅(lv)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)（P）共計(ji)38種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)全區(qu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)17.20%，其(qi)中(zhong)非(fei)雀(que)(que)(que)形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)28種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)全區(qu)旅(lv)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)73.7%，雀(que)(que)(que)形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)旅(lv)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)10種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)全區(qu)旅(lv)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)26.3%。從(cong)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)區(qu)系成分(fen)居留(liu)型(xing)來看，夏(xia)(xia)(xia)候(hou)(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)（S）無論是種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)還是數(shu)(shu)(shu)量均占(zhan)(zhan)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)相當大比例。

保護對象

(1)沼澤濕地生(sheng)態系統。

(2)以原(yuan)麝、紫貂、東方白鸛(guan)、金(jin)雕、丹(dan)頂鶴以及紅松、鉆天柳、黃檗、紫椴等為(wei)代表的珍(zhen)稀野生動植物資源及其棲息地。

沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)濕地(di)是(shi)友好(hao)自然保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)的主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)保護(hu)對象，因此(ci)有必要(yao)(yao)(yao)對保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)內(nei)的沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)濕地(di)植(zhi)被(bei)類型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)及特征加以(yi)重點論述。由于保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)內(nei)地(di)勢平(ping)緩(huan)，河谷平(ping)坦寬闊(kuo)，河曲發達，牛(niu)軛湖(hu)眾(zhong)多，加上氣候冷(leng)濕，島(dao)狀凍土分(fen)布普遍(bian)，從而(er)形(xing)成了大面積(ji)的沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)植(zhi)被(bei)，且(qie)類型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)繁(fan)多。主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)括森林沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)、灌叢(cong)沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)、草(cao)(cao)本沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)等植(zhi)被(bei)類型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。尤其是(shi)森林沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)面積(ji)大，類型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)多，主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)類型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)有興(xing)(xing)安(an)落(luo)葉(xie)松－油樺－苔草(cao)(cao)群(qun)(qun)落(luo)和(he)興(xing)(xing)安(an)落(luo)葉(xie)松－窄葉(xie)杜(du)香－中(zhong)位(wei)泥(ni)炭(tan)蘚群(qun)(qun)落(luo)及白樺沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)等。灌叢(cong)沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)植(zhi)被(bei)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)有油樺－修(xiu)氏(shi)苔草(cao)(cao)群(qun)(qun)落(luo)、油樺－篤斯越桔－蘚類群(qun)(qun)落(luo)等，主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)分(fen)布于河灘(tan)和(he)階地(di)上。草(cao)(cao)本沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)中(zhong)以(yi)苔草(cao)(cao)類型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)較多，有草(cao)(cao)甸形(xing)成的灰脈(mo)苔草(cao)(cao)－修(xiu)氏(shi)苔草(cao)(cao)群(qun)(qun)落(luo)、湖(hu)泊沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)化形(xing)成的毛果(guo)苔草(cao)(cao)－泥(ni)炭(tan)蘚群(qun)(qun)落(luo)等。

沼澤

根據組(zu)成建群(qun)種(zhong)的不同，可劃分3個植(zhi)被亞型，即：草本沼澤、灌叢沼澤和森林沼澤。

草本沼澤

草(cao)本(ben)沼(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)從發(fa)生(sheng)上，大多由草(cao)甸(dian)(dian)沼(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)化(hua)而(er)(er)成，多發(fa)生(sheng)在(zai)河(he)漫(man)灘的(de)(de)洼地(di)，由于地(di)勢低洼、地(di)下水(shui)位高，特(te)別是受河(he)水(shui)泛濫的(de)(de)影響，造(zao)成了草(cao)甸(dian)(dian)過分(fen)(fen)濕(shi)潤或水(shui)分(fen)(fen)滯聚(ju)，土壤的(de)(de)孔隙被水(shui)分(fen)(fen)充填，微(wei)生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)活動減弱，因而(er)(er)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)殘體中的(de)(de)營養元(yuan)素不能礦化(hua)。這樣在(zai)水(shui)分(fen)(fen)增(zeng)加，養分(fen)(fen)減少的(de)(de)情況下，為植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)自(zi)然演替創造(zao)了有利條件，使一些根(gen)狀莖草(cao)甸(dian)(dian)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)逐(zhu)漸減少，而(er)(er)要求養分(fen)(fen)較少，喜濕(shi)的(de)(de)密叢型沼(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)逐(zhu)漸增(zeng)多。根(gen)據(ju)組成、結構與分(fen)(fen)布規律，本(ben)植(zhi)被亞型只有3個群系組（泥(ni)炭蘚沼(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)、草(cao)甸(dian)(dian)沼(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)、莎草(cao)沼(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)）。

灌叢沼澤

灌叢沼澤系指在(zai)地(di)表過濕(shi)或積(ji)水的(de)(de)地(di)段上(shang)，以喜(xi)濕(shi)的(de)(de)灌木為主所組(zu)成(cheng)的(de)(de)沼澤植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)群落(luo)。在(zai)保護區內(nei)，分布地(di)域較廣，面積(ji)也較大，多發生(sheng)平坦(tan)溝谷和河漫灘(tan)這些地(di)段，地(di)勢(shi)低(di)洼(wa)，平坦(tan)，地(di)下(xia)水位高，水分容易集聚的(de)(de)地(di)方，由于土(tu)質粘重(zhong)，又有永凍層形成(cheng)隔水板，造成(cheng)地(di)表過濕(shi)或積(ji)水，引起沼澤植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)不(bu)斷侵入(ru)(ru)。首先(xian)侵入(ru)(ru)的(de)(de)是(shi)喜(xi)濕(shi)的(de)(de)密叢苔草(cao)和淺根系的(de)(de)柴樺（Betula fruticosa），隨(sui)后是(shi)提(ti)燈(deng)蘚(xian)（Mnium cuspidatum）等蘚(xian)類，這些植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)侵入(ru)(ru)后，死亡(wang)的(de)(de)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)殘體(ti)在(zai)土(tu)壤嫌氣條件下(xia)，逐漸(jian)形成(cheng)泥炭(tan)，營養貧(pin)乏(fa)，樹木開始生(sheng)長不(bu)良(liang)，并逐漸(jian)遞(di)減，森林(lin)演變為沼澤，形成(cheng)現有的(de)(de)各類灌叢沼澤。

森林沼澤

森林(lin)沼(zhao)(zhao)澤從外貌上具有(you)森林(lin)的(de)(de)特征，是以喬(qiao)木組成(cheng)上層林(lin)冠(guan)，并生(sheng)(sheng)長在地(di)表(biao)過濕或積水的(de)(de)地(di)段上，以濕生(sheng)(sheng)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)、沼(zhao)(zhao)生(sheng)(sheng)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)為(wei)主所組成(cheng)的(de)(de)森林(lin)沼(zhao)(zhao)澤植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)群落。該沼(zhao)(zhao)澤植(zhi)(zhi)被是由耐冷濕條(tiao)件的(de)(de)針葉(xie)樹種(zhong)(zhong)――云冷杉(shan)、興安(an)落葉(xie)松和落葉(xie)闊葉(xie)喬(qiao)木樹種(zhong)(zhong)白樺和毛赤楊(yang)（Alnus sibirica）為(wei)建群種(zhong)(zhong)，伴生(sheng)(sheng)著(zhu)濕生(sheng)(sheng)和中濕生(sheng)(sheng)灌木和草本植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)組成(cheng)的(de)(de)垮帶隱域性森林(lin)植(zhi)(zhi)被。

價值地位

保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)是以保(bao)(bao)護(hu)珍稀野生(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)資源(yuan)(yuan)及其生(sheng)(sheng)境(jing)和(he)森林(lin)(lin)沼澤生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系統(tong)為(wei)宗旨，集資源(yuan)(yuan)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)、科(ke)學研究和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)旅游于一體的自然保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)。主(zhu)要保(bao)(bao)護(hu)對象為(wei)東北林(lin)(lin)區(qu)(qu)森林(lin)(lin)沼澤生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系統(tong)和(he)珍稀野生(sheng)(sheng)動植物(wu)資源(yuan)(yuan)及其棲(qi)息地。豐富(fu)的生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)多(duo)(duo)樣性和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系統(tong)多(duo)(duo)樣性顯示(shi)了保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)巨大的保(bao)(bao)護(hu)價值和(he)科(ke)學研究價值。保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)內(nei)森林(lin)(lin)茂密，河流(liu)縱橫，濕地面(mian)積廣闊，生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系統(tong)保(bao)(bao)存完(wan)好。保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)在(zai)提高水源(yuan)(yuan)涵(han)養、控制水土流(liu)失、防止干旱和(he)洪澇災害(hai)、調節氣(qi)候等方面(mian)具(ju)有非(fei)常重要的保(bao)(bao)護(hu)意義和(he)科(ke)學價值。