芒果视频

歷史沿革

保護區始建于1994年，2001年經(jing)江西省人民政府批(pi)(pi)準晉(jin)(jin)升為省級(ji)自然(ran)保護區，2008年經(jing)國(guo)務院批(pi)(pi)準晉(jin)(jin)升為國(guo)家級(ji)自然(ran)保護區。

地理環境

地理位置

保(bao)護區位于江西省資(zi)溪縣的東(dong)北部，地處武夷(yi)山(shan)脈中(zhong)段，閩贛交界(jie)的武夷(yi)山(shan)脈西麓，地理坐標為東(dong)經117°09'11"-117'18"，北緯27°40'50"-27°53'52"。?

東(dong)由與(yu)福(fu)建(jian)(jian)省(sheng)交界的(de)野雞頂起(qi)，向(xiang)(xiang)南(nan)至(zhi)觀音尖，再至(zhi)南(nan)邊(bian)的(de)1224米(mi)山(shan)(shan)峰(feng)，沿(yan)東(dong)港(gang)與(yu)南(nan)港(gang)分(fen)水(shui)山(shan)(shan)脊(ji)到(dao)西邊(bian)的(de)月峰(feng)山(shan)(shan)，向(xiang)(xiang)北沿(yan)山(shan)(shan)脊(ji)至(zhi)東(dong)源橋(qiao)頭，跨(kua)昌(chang)坪河(he)到(dao)高阜(fu)尖至(zhi)東(dong)坑村后山(shan)(shan)脊(ji)，沿(yan)東(dong)南(nan)方向(xiang)(xiang)山(shan)(shan)脊(ji)到(dao)五臺山(shan)(shan)，轉(zhuan)向(xiang)(xiang)東(dong)沿(yan)山(shan)(shan)脊(ji)至(zhi)黃茅寨小(xiao)路向(xiang)(xiang)北，至(zhi)與(yu)貴溪(xi)(xi)縣交界的(de)香臺山(shan)(shan)，再沿(yan)資溪(xi)(xi)、貴溪(xi)(xi)縣界向(xiang)(xiang)東(dong)到(dao)與(yu)福(fu)建(jian)(jian)交界點向(xiang)(xiang)南(nan)回到(dao)東(dong)面與(yu)福(fu)建(jian)(jian)交界的(de)野雞頂止。

地形地貌

馬(ma)頭(tou)山(shan)國(guo)家級自(zi)然保護區地貌大(da)(da)致(zhi)具有盆嶺相間，棋盤格狀展布之格局.大(da)(da)多為(wei)燕山(shan)期花崗(gang)巖，土壤(rang)(rang)為(wei)花崗(gang)巖風化形(xing)成的山(shan)地紅壤(rang)(rang)，山(shan)地黃紅壤(rang)(rang)和山(shan)地黃壤(rang)(rang)，以及小(xiao)范圍的山(shan)地草甸土。

氣候特征

氣候屬亞(ya)熱(re)帶濕潤(run)季風氣候，年(nian)(nian)均(jun)氣溫16～18℃，年(nian)(nian)均(jun)降水量192919mm，相對(dui)濕度83%。年(nian)(nian)均(jun)輻射量為(wei)10069711/cm2，年(nian)(nian)均(jun)日(ri)(ri)照為(wei)159716小時，年(nian)(nian)均(jun)霜期270天，年(nian)(nian)均(jun)霧日(ri)(ri)88天。

保護對象

森林資源

保護區位(wei)于武(wu)夷山(shan)脈(mo)中(zhong)段腹(fu)地，森林(lin)植(zhi)被以天然常綠闊(kuo)葉(xie)林(lin)為主，森林(lin)覆蓋率達96.3%，生(sheng)態環境優良，生(sheng)物多樣性豐(feng)富。區內有高等植(zhi)物275科1005屬2483種(zhong)(zhong)，陸生(sheng)脊椎動物27目(mu)91科387種(zhong)(zhong)。

馬頭(tou)山自然保(bao)護區保(bao)存(cun)有(you)較(jiao)大范圍的(de)原生性較(jiao)強的(de)天然常綠闊葉林，生物(wu)多樣(yang)性極為豐富(fu)。高等植(zhi)物(wu)約2500種，其中屬國家重點保(bao)護植(zhi)物(wu)名錄(第一(yi)批)有(you)20余種，長葉榧(Torreyajackii)和蛛網萼(Platycraterargnta)，江西僅(jin)在此有(you)分布(bu)。

動物資源

其(qi)中(zhong)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)重(zhong)點保(bao)護野生(sheng)植物有(you)20種，國(guo)家(jia)(jia)重(zhong)點保(bao)護野生(sheng)動(dong)物有(you)54種。保(bao)護區主要保(bao)護對象為美毛(mao)含(han)笑、蛛網萼(e)(e)、伯(bo)樂樹(shu)等大面積的珍稀植物原生(sheng)種群，其(qi)中(zhong)屬(shu)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)重(zhong)點保(bao)護植物長葉(xie)榧(Torreyajackii)、蛛網萼(e)(e)(Platycraterargnta)為保(bao)護區全省特有(you)物種。還有(you)南方紅(hong)豆杉(shan)、福建(jian)柏、天(tian)然(ran)杉(shan)木、伯(bo)樂樹(shu)、莼(chun)菜(cai)、報春(chun)苣苔(tai)、白頸長尾雉(zhi)、黃腹(fu)角雉(zhi)、云豹、獼猴、黑熊(xiong)等珍稀野生(sheng)動(dong)植物物種。

藥用資源

有豐富的野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)攀(pan)緣植物(wu)資源， 通過野(ye)(ye)外采集及標本的整(zheng)理鑒定，初步(bu)確認(ren)該區(qu)(qu)共有攀(pan)緣植物(wu)40科(ke)92屬(shu)222種(包括種下等級)。根據對馬頭山(shan)攀(pan)緣植物(wu)區(qu)(qu)系(xi)分(fen)析的結果，該區(qu)(qu)攀(pan)緣植物(wu)區(qu)(qu)系(xi)具有以下特(te)征：(1)種類(lei)組成豐富，地理成分(fen)復雜；(2)區(qu)(qu)系(xi)中熱帶性(xing)地理成分(fen)占(zhan)主導地位；(3)區(qu)(qu)系(xi)成分(fen)相對古老，特(te)有類(lei)群豐富，多型性(xing)突(tu)出；(4)華東區(qu)(qu)系(xi)特(te)征明顯。

藥用植物資源分布

初步查明馬頭山(shan)自(zi)然保護區內有藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)植(zhi)物(wu)1647種(zhong)(zhong)，隸(li)屬(shu)231科759屬(shu)，其中裸子(zi)植(zhi)物(wu)為13種(zhong)(zhong)，隸(li)屬(shu)8科13屬(shu)，被子(zi)植(zhi)物(wu)1483種(zhong)(zhong)，隸(li)屬(shu)161科653屬(shu)。區內常用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)中藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)為187種(zhong)(zhong)，藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)真菌(jun)29種(zhong)(zhong)，藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)苔(tai)蘚27種(zhong)(zhong)，藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)蕨類(lei)88種(zhong)(zhong)，藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)植(zhi)物(wu)1494種(zhong)(zhong)，藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)珍稀瀕危植(zhi)物(wu)62種(zhong)(zhong)，藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)特有植(zhi)物(wu)18種(zhong)(zhong)，江(jiang)西地(di)理記錄新分布8種(zhong)(zhong)。

（1）常用(yong)中(zhong)藥植物(wu)

江西是中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)材主要產區(qu)之一，收購使用的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)有342種，而(er)保護區(qu)內(nei)的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)就有187種(《中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)藥(yao)(yao)典》2000年版收載的(de))。數量較多的(de)有銀(yin)杏(xing)，側柏(bo)，厚(hou)樸，烏(wu)藥(yao)(yao)，仙鶴草，金櫻子，葛，忍(ren)冬，旌(jing)節花，吳茱萸，女貞，絡石(shi)，梔子，鉤藤，烏(wu)頭，威靈仙，大血藤，半夏，白及等。

（2）藥用真菌植物

馬頭(tou)山自然保護區鑒定了的真菌有91種，其中29種為(wei)藥(yao)用(yong)真菌，如銀耳(er)(er)，黑木耳(er)(er)，靈(ling)芝(zhi)，茯苓(ling)，香(xiang)菇，紫紅菇，絨紫紅菇，菱(ling)紅菇，側耳(er)(er)，竹蓀等。靈(ling)芝(zhi)，銀耳(er)(er)，黑木耳(er)(er)，茯苓(ling)為(wei)常用(yong)中藥(yao)，在臨床上具有較好的治(zhi)療效(xiao)果。此外，許(xu)多種類是食藥(yao)兩用(yong)的真菌，如潔(jie)麗香(xiang)菇，硬(ying)毛(mao)香(xiang)菇，松(song)乳菇，毛(mao)木耳(er)(er)等種。

（3）藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)蕨(jue)(jue)類(lei)(lei)(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)江西省蕨(jue)(jue)類(lei)(lei)(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)有433種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，隸(li)屬114屬49科(ke)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)蕨(jue)(jue)類(lei)(lei)(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)為(wei)195種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，隸(li)屬84屬45科(ke)。馬(ma)頭山自然保護區的(de)蕨(jue)(jue)類(lei)(lei)(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)共有142種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，隸(li)屬62屬30科(ke)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)典》，《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)志》所收載的(de)常(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)有8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，它們分別為(wei)石松，紫萁，海金沙，烏蕨(jue)(jue)，野雞(ji)尾，石韋，卷柏，槲(hu)蕨(jue)(jue)等(deng)。214藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)馬(ma)頭山自然保護區內的(de)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)有1494種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(包(bao)括常(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)，特(te)有種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，珍稀瀕危種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，新分布等(deng))，其(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)裸子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)13種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，雙子(zi)葉植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)1294種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，單子(zi)葉植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)106種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。?

（4）藥(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)珍(zhen)稀瀕危(wei)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)保(bao)護區內除具有豐富的(de)中藥(yao)(yao)(yao)及藥(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)，藥(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)蕨類(lei)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)等(deng)資源(yuan)(yuan)外，尚有許多種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)珍(zhen)稀瀕危(wei)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)，其(qi)中有相當部分(fen)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)為藥(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)，區內共有藥(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)珍(zhen)稀瀕危(wei)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)62種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，它們分(fen)別是鵝掌楸，乳源(yuan)(yuan)木蓮，東(dong)方古柯，青(qing)牛膽(dan)，扯根草，半蒴苣(ju)苔，福建柏，短梗大參/花葉開唇蘭，石斛(hu)等(deng)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。保(bao)護區內繁(fan)多的(de)野生植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)中，有18種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為特(te)有植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)，隸(li)屬(shu)12屬(shu)13科，均為藥(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)，分(fen)別為銀杏，臘梅，亮葉臘梅，喜樹(shu)，青(qing)錢柳(liu)，杜(du)仲，枸杞，華紫(zi)珠，老(lao)鴉糊，廣東(dong)紫(zi)珠，長柄紫(zi)。

藥用植物資源

馬頭山(shan)自然保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)內(nei)1647種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)用植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)隸屬(shu)(shu)(shu)231科759屬(shu)(shu)(shu)，分布區(qu)(qu)類(lei)型廣(guang)泛，分屬(shu)(shu)(shu)14個分布區(qu)(qu)類(lei)型和16個分布區(qu)(qu)變型[8]，單種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)，單種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)科約有10個，其中(zhong)常用中(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)材(cai)為(wei)187種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(均(jun)為(wei)《中(zhong)國藥(yao)(yao)(yao)典(dian)》2000年版(ban)收載)，尚(shang)有種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)繁多的(de)(de)民(min)間草藥(yao)(yao)(yao)。從(cong)資源的(de)(de)分類(lei)群及(ji)性狀組成分析，1647種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)用植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)中(zhong)，藥(yao)(yao)(yao)用藻類(lei)3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，藥(yao)(yao)(yao)用真(zhen)菌(jun)類(lei)29種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，藥(yao)(yao)(yao)用地衣類(lei)4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，藥(yao)(yao)(yao)用苔蘚27種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，藥(yao)(yao)(yao)用蕨類(lei)88種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，藥(yao)(yao)(yao)用裸子植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)13種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，雙子葉(xie)(xie)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)1296種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，單子葉(xie)(xie)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)106種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。草本植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)1002種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，木本植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)423種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，藤(teng)本植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)157種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。區(qu)(qu)內(nei)復雜的(de)(de)自然條件為(wei)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)用植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)生(sheng)長(chang)發育提供了不(bu)同的(de)(de)生(sheng)態環境(jing)。藥(yao)(yao)(yao)用植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)資源十分豐富，共有藥(yao)(yao)(yao)用植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)1647種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其中(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)用種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)為(wei)1496種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，隸屬(shu)(shu)(shu)666屬(shu)(shu)(shu)169科。同樣，區(qu)(qu)內(nei)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)用植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)區(qu)(qu)系成分十分豐富。

馬頭(tou)山自(zi)然保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)(qu)內分(fen)(fen)布(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藥用種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)植(zhi)物共有(you)(you)174科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)，其中(zhong)熱帶性科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)為(wei)92科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)，占(zhan)總(zong)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)5219%；溫帶性科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)為(wei)23科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)，占(zhan)總(zong)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)1312%；世界分(fen)(fen)布(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)為(wei)41科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)，占(zhan)總(zong)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)2316%；東(dong)亞和東(dong)亞2北(bei)美間斷分(fen)(fen)布(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)14科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)，占(zhan)總(zong)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)8105%；中(zhong)國(guo)特有(you)(you)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)4科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)，占(zhan)總(zong)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)213%。在174科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)中(zhong)，含(han)54～73種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)3科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)，分(fen)(fen)別為(wei)菊科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)73種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，豆科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)56種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，薔(qiang)薇科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)54種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。含(han)30～42種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)4科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)，分(fen)(fen)別是禾本科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)42種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，唇形科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)36種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，百合科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)32種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，茜草科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)30種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。含(han)20～26種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)8科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)，分(fen)(fen)別是樟科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)26種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，蘭科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)25種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，馬鞭草科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)24種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，大(da)戟(ji)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)22種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，山茶科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)22種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，蓼科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)21種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，葡萄科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)20種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，傘形科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)20種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。412屬的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)析根據吳征鎰的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)國(guo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)植(zhi)物的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)區(qu)(qu)類(lei)(lei)系統，馬頭(tou)山自(zi)然保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)(qu)藥用植(zhi)物的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)666屬，歸屬于(yu)14個(ge)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)區(qu)(qu)類(lei)(lei)型(xing)和16個(ge)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)區(qu)(qu)變型(xing)。除中(zhong)亞分(fen)(fen)布(bu)區(qu)(qu)類(lei)(lei)型(xing)外，馬頭(tou)山自(zi)然保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藥用種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)植(zhi)物屬的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)區(qu)(qu)類(lei)(lei)型(xing)包括了中(zhong)國(guo)所有(you)(you)15種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)區(qu)(qu)類(lei)(lei)型(xing)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)14種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和31種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)區(qu)(qu)。

馬(ma)(ma)頭山(shan)(shan)自然(ran)保護區藥(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)植物(wu)區系與(yu)世界各部分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)(de)廣泛聯系及(ji)(ji)與(yu)熱(re)(re)帶(dai)(dai)區系的(de)(de)(de)密切聯系。熱(re)(re)帶(dai)(dai)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)區類(lei)型占(zhan)優(you)勢(shi)：馬(ma)(ma)頭山(shan)(shan)自然(ran)保護區藥(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)植物(wu)熱(re)(re)帶(dai)(dai)性(xing)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)316屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，占(zhan)總(zong)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)4716%。東(dong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)及(ji)(ji)東(dong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)和北(bei)美洲間斷(duan)(duan)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)區類(lei)型突出：在馬(ma)(ma)頭山(shan)(shan)自然(ran)保護區藥(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)植物(wu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)東(dong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)及(ji)(ji)東(dong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)2北(bei)美間斷(duan)(duan)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)共(gong)計130屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，占(zhan)總(zong)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)1916%，占(zhan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)東(dong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)總(zong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)4315%。古(gu)老(lao)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)區類(lei)型較明顯：保護區內的(de)(de)(de)三(san)尖(jian)杉，銀(yin)杏(xing)，南(nan)方(fang)紅豆杉，長葉榧樹(shu)等，為(wei)(wei)(wei)典(dian)型的(de)(de)(de)孓(jue)遺種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)或(huo)第三(san)，四紀殘遺種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。鵝掌楸，青錢(qian)柳(liu)，伯(bo)樂樹(shu)，楓香，臘梅等均為(wei)(wei)(wei)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)類(lei)學殘遺種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)特有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)區類(lei)型較多：中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)植物(wu)特有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)257屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，在江(jiang)西(xi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)50屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，占(zhan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)總(zong)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)1117%，其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)22屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，占(zhan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)總(zong)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)816%，占(zhan)江(jiang)西(xi)總(zong)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)7313%。在馬(ma)(ma)頭山(shan)(shan)自然(ran)保護區內共(gong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)18種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)特有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)植物(wu)，分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)于12特有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，占(zhan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)總(zong)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)4167%，占(zhan)江(jiang)西(xi)總(zong)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)24%。413種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析在馬(ma)(ma)頭山(shan)(shan)自然(ran)保護區的(de)(de)(de)1494種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)植物(wu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)特有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)18種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)13種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)古(gu)特有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)新(xin)特有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。非(fei)特有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)熱(re)(re)帶(dai)(dai)性(xing)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)約(yue)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)753種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)于溫(wen)帶(dai)(dai)性(xing)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)約(yue)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)349種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，世界性(xing)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)約(yue)166種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，東(dong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)和東(dong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)2北(bei)美洲間斷(duan)(duan)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)約(yue)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)208種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。從上述分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析可見，在馬(ma)(ma)頭山(shan)(shan)自然(ran)保護區內的(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)植物(wu)具有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)熱(re)(re)帶(dai)(dai)，亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)熱(re)(re)帶(dai)(dai)性(xing)性(xing)質。

蜜源植物

保護區(qu)內的野生蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)源(yuan)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)資源(yuan)十分豐(feng)富，主(zhu)要蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)源(yuan)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)如杜鵑花(hua)屬(shu)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)，該類植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)的蜂(feng)(feng)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)色(se)淺(qian)(qian)，蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)質優(you)(you)良(liang)，結晶(jing)乳白色(se)，味(wei)甘(gan)甜(tian)(tian)純正適(shi)口。夏季(ji)(ji)蜂(feng)(feng)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)源(yuan)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)如小果冬青，花(hua)多(duo)，泌(mi)(mi)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)豐(feng)富，對蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)蜂(feng)(feng)有(you)強(qiang)烈(lie)的誘惑力，蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)淺(qian)(qian)琥珀色(se)半透明，結晶(jing)乳白細膩，味(wei)純正，甘(gan)甜(tian)(tian)，清香適(shi)口。秋季(ji)(ji)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)源(yuan)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)如豆科的胡(hu)枝子屬(shu)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)，開花(hua)泌(mi)(mi)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)時間(jian)較長，蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)淺(qian)(qian)琥珀色(se)，結晶(jing)潔白，細膩如脂，氣(qi)味(wei)芳香，甜(tian)(tian)而不膩，質優(you)(you)良(liang)。冬季(ji)(ji)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)源(yuan)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)如山茶科柃屬(shu)的多(duo)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)，其花(hua)香，泌(mi)(mi)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)豐(feng)富，誘蜂(feng)(feng)力強(qiang)，為冬季(ji)(ji)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)源(yuan)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)的特殊(shu)種(zhong)類，蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)水(shui)白透明，濃郁(yu)芳香，蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)質優(you)(you)良(liang)。此(ci)外還有(you)刺(ci)槐，柿，泡(pao)桐，山烏桕，椴樹，杜荊等多(duo)種(zhong)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)源(yuan)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)，這(zhe)為發(fa)展(zhan)本地區(qu)的養蜂(feng)(feng)業創造了良(liang)好的自然環(huan)境。

植(zhi)物色(se)(se)(se)(se)素(su)作為食(shi)品(pin)著色(se)(se)(se)(se)劑和紡織(zhi)(zhi)染(ran)色(se)(se)(se)(se)原料已被廣泛應用(yong)(yong)，如殼(ke)斗科的多穗柯葉中(zhong)富含(han)棕色(se)(se)(se)(se)素(su)，應用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)糖(tang)果(guo)，冷飲，糕點等食(shi)品(pin)中(zhong)著色(se)(se)(se)(se)，呈色(se)(se)(se)(se)與(yu)可(ke)(ke)可(ke)(ke)糖(tang)相(xiang)似，效(xiao)果(guo)良好。茜草(cao)(cao)科梔子(zi)的果(guo)實可(ke)(ke)提取黃色(se)(se)(se)(se)素(su)，可(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)纖(xian)維(wei)染(ran)色(se)(se)(se)(se)，也(ye)可(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)食(shi)品(pin)著色(se)(se)(se)(se)。茜草(cao)(cao)根(gen)中(zhong)所含(han)茜草(cao)(cao)紅色(se)(se)(se)(se)素(su)，可(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)植(zhi)物纖(xian)維(wei)的染(ran)色(se)(se)(se)(se)，亦可(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)食(shi)品(pin)著色(se)(se)(se)(se)，鼠李科凍綠的莖皮含(han)綠色(se)(se)(se)(se)素(su)，可(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)棉絲(si)織(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)的染(ran)色(se)(se)(se)(se)等。

花卉植物

保護(hu)區(qu)內野生(sheng)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)卉(hui)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)資源(yuan)豐富，蘭(lan)(lan)科的(de)(de)蘭(lan)(lan)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)類植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，如(ru)鶴頂蘭(lan)(lan)，斑葉蘭(lan)(lan)，建蘭(lan)(lan)，春蘭(lan)(lan)，寒蘭(lan)(lan)，竹葉蘭(lan)(lan)，花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)葉開唇蘭(lan)(lan)等(deng)，這(zhe)些植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)具(ju)有(you)(you)很高的(de)(de)觀(guan)(guan)賞價值(zhi)，同時又可藥用。杜(du)鵑花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)是世界(jie)名(ming)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，也是中(zhong)(zhong)國十大名(ming)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)之一，人們對(dui)它(ta)十分厚愛，其同屬植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)滿(man)山紅，鹿(lu)角(jiao)杜(du)鵑，馬銀花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)等(deng)均作為(wei)觀(guan)(guan)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)卉(hui)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。觀(guan)(guan)賞的(de)(de)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)卉(hui)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)還(huan)有(you)(you)木蘭(lan)(lan)科，竹科等(deng)。此外，保護(hu)區(qu)內還(huan)有(you)(you)許多抗污染植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，它(ta)們能夠吸(xi)收大氣中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)有(you)(you)害(hai)氣體(ti)，滯留灰塵(chen)，殺滅細菌，減少噪音，從(cong)而(er)保護(hu)大氣中(zhong)(zhong)氧(yang)氣和二氧(yang)化碳(tan)的(de)(de)平衡。如(ru)合歡，構樹(shu)，臭椿，紫薇(wei)，楊(yang)梅等(deng)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)均有(you)(you)抗二氧(yang)化硫(liu)的(de)(de)特(te)性。抗氯氣的(de)(de)有(you)(you)側柏，樟樹(shu)，栓皮櫟，棕櫚，女貞，石楠，蚊母樹(shu)，胡頹子，枸骨等(deng)。抗鎘污染源(yuan)的(de)(de)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)尾葉冬青，刺果衛矛等(deng)。抗硫(liu)化物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)楓楊(yang)，喜樹(shu)等(deng)。抗汞植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)山楂，刺槐(huai)，枇杷等(deng)。樸樹(shu)，榆樹(shu)，銀杏(xing)，桑樹(shu)，木槿以及臭椿，枇杷，紫薇(wei)，烏桕等(deng)具(ju)有(you)(you)吸(xi)塵(chen)，滯塵(chen)能力強特(te)色。

區域面積

保護區(qu)(qu)總面積(ji)13866.53公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)，其中核心區(qu)(qu)4286.08公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)、占(zhan)(zhan)保護區(qu)(qu)總面積(ji)的30.9%，緩沖(chong)區(qu)(qu)3438.72公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)、占(zhan)(zhan)24.8%，實(shi)驗區(qu)(qu)6141.73公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)、占(zhan)(zhan)44.3%。

開發利用

藥(yao)用(yong)植(zhi)物資源開發與(yu)利用(yong)

馬頭山(shan)自然保(bao)(bao)護區由于所處的(de)特(te)殊(shu)地理(li)位(wei)置，區內(nei)有(you)著(zhu)豐富(fu)的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)材資(zi)源。據初(chu)步(bu)統計，蕨(jue)(jue)類(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)在《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國藥(yao)典》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)收(shou)載的(de)有(you)4科5屬(shu)(shu)8種(zhong)(zhong)。種(zhong)(zhong)子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)在《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國藥(yao)典》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共收(shou)載86科149屬(shu)(shu)179種(zhong)(zhong)。保(bao)(bao)護區內(nei)懸鉤子屬(shu)(shu)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)有(you)18種(zhong)(zhong)之多，其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大(da)部分種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)的(de)果實可作覆盆子中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)使(shi)用(yong)，覆盆子能益腎，固精，縮尿，用(yong)于腎虛尿頻，陽痿(wei)早泄，白帶增多等(deng)癥。保(bao)(bao)護區尚有(you)許(xu)多種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)，如(ru)細辛類(lei)，木通類(lei)，五(wu)味子類(lei)，栝樓類(lei)，前(qian)胡類(lei)，五(wu)加皮類(lei)，吳茱(zhu)萸類(lei)，麥冬類(lei)，薯蕷類(lei)，七(qi)葉一枝花類(lei)，沙參類(lei)以及烏頭，黃連，草珊(shan)瑚，鉤藤(teng)等(deng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)。由于特(te)殊(shu)的(de)地理(li)環境，保(bao)(bao)護區內(nei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)資(zi)源種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)極豐富(fu)，有(you)的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)蘊藏(zang)量(liang)較(jiao)大(da)，但有(you)的(de)蘊藏(zang)量(liang)較(jiao)小的(de)如(ru)石斛，獨蒜(suan)蘭，石仙桃，徐長卿，八角蓮等(deng)，這些種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)應注(zhu)意不可過(guo)度采挖，應采取合(he)理(li)措(cuo)施(shi)，使(shi)這些中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)資(zi)源永續利(li)用(yong)。而對于保(bao)(bao)護區廬山(shan)石韋，槲蕨(jue)(jue)，大(da)血藤(teng)，大(da)葉冬青，山(shan)雞椒，山(shan)臘梅，柳葉臘梅，崖豆藤(teng)屬(shu)(shu)，獼猴桃屬(shu)(shu)等(deng)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)，可以進行合(he)理(li)的(de)開發利(li)用(yong)。

區內芳香(xiang)植物資源豐富，蘊藏量大，其種(zhong)類較多的科(ke)有樟(zhang)科(ke)樟(zhang)樹(shu)葉，枝干，樹(shu)皮(pi)均含(han)(han)揮發油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(樟(zhang)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you))，平均含(han)(han)量3%～6%，油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)中含(han)(han)樟(zhang)腦10%～50%。樟(zhang)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)經分(fen)(fen)餾后又分(fen)(fen)為白樟(zhang)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)，紅(hong)樟(zhang)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)和(he)蘭樟(zhang)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)，分(fen)(fen)別(bie)為制(zhi)取桉油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)素的原料，合成香(xiang)料的原料。細葉香(xiang)桂的葉是魚肉菜(cai)(cai)肴，醬油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)，泡(pao)菜(cai)(cai)，罐頭等的重(zhong)要配料，能增加食(shi)品風味(wei)(wei)，具有強烈芳香(xiang)和(he)辛辣氣(qi)味(wei)(wei)。菊(ju)科(ke)野菊(ju)花的干花和(he)葉含(han)(han)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)011%～012%，可提取芳香(xiang)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)中主要含(han)(han)有α2蒎烯，檸檬烯，桉油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)精等)或(huo)浸膏，調(diao)制(zhi)各種(zhong)皂用香(xiang)精。