基本介紹
宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)火腿,是(shi)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)漢族在數百(bai)年(nian)腌(a)(a)臘(la)肉(rou)(rou)的(de)(de)實(shi)踐(jian)中創(chuang)造(zao)出(chu)的(de)(de)臘(la)肉(rou)(rou)精品(pin)。 [2] ?宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)地(di)(di)處滇東北(bei),冬季(ji)氣候寒冷,適宜(yi)腌(a)(a)制臘(la)肉(rou)(rou)。宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)火腿的(de)(de)腌(a)(a)制時間(jian)每年(nian)從(cong)霜降開始(shi)到(dao)立春結束,主要又集中于(yu)冬至(zhi)到(dao)小寒期間(jian)。其(qi)(qi)腌(a)(a)制方法是(shi)將本地(di)(di)豬(zhu)宰殺后,擠盡淤血(xue),放鹽(yan)揉(rou)搓。然后再經過腌(a)(a)制、發(fa)酵、風干等(deng)過程,次年(nian)端午節后腌(a)(a)熟。宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)火腿吃(chi)法多樣(yang),可(ke)炒、蒸、煮(zhu)而食(shi),也可(ke)切塊(kuai)燒(shao)烤至(zhi)焦黃(huang),以排(pai)出(chu)肉(rou)(rou)表臘(la)味(wei),再洗凈煮(zhu)熟,切片食(shi)用(yong),色(se)(se)、香(xiang)、味(wei)具佳。講究的(de)(de)吃(chi)法是(shi)用(yong)沙鍋煮(zhu)熟而食(shi),這樣(yang)更能品(pin)嘗到(dao)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)火腿的(de)(de)美(mei)味(wei),其(qi)(qi)湯(tang)色(se)(se)清亮、味(wei)道鮮甜,肉(rou)(rou)質(zhi)紅嫩細膩。宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)火腿的(de)(de)歷史悠久,最遲始(shi)于(yu)明代。20世紀初,浦在廷等(deng)人集資興辦“宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)和火腿公(gong)司(si)”,引進機(ji)械設備(bei)制作(zuo)火腿罐頭,繼而“云南宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)浦在廷兄弟(di)食(shi)品(pin)罐頭有限公(gong)司(si)”成立,其(qi)(qi)產品(pin)于(yu)1923年(nian)參(can)加廣州等(deng)地(di)(di)賽會受到(dao)各(ge)界的(de)(de)好評(ping)。孫中山先生(sheng)為其(qi)(qi)題詞(ci)“飲和食(shi)德(de)”,從(cong)此名聲大著,遠(yuan)銷香(xiang)港、新加坡等(deng)地(di)(di)。
云南省著名特產(chan)之一,素以風味獨(du)特而與(yu)浙江(jiang)金華火腿、江(jiang)西安福火腿齊名媲美,蜚聲中外。宣威火腿,因產(chan)于(yu)云南宣威而得名。它(ta)的主要特點是:形似琵琶(pa),只(zhi)大骨小,皮薄肉(rou)厚肥瘦(shou)適(shi)中;切開斷面,香氣濃郁,色(se)澤(ze)鮮(xian)艷,瘦(shou)肉(rou)呈鮮(xian)紅(hong)色(se)或玫瑰(gui)色(se),肥肉(rou)呈乳白(bai)色(se),骨頭略顯桃紅(hong),似血氣尚在滋潤。其品質優(you)良,足以代表云南火腿,故常稱(cheng)“云腿”!
宣威(wei)火(huo)(huo)腿(tui)(tui)馳名中(zhong)外,早(zao)在一九(jiu)一五的(de)國際(ji)巴拿馬(ma)博覽會上榮獲金質獎(jiang),成(cheng)為云南省最早(zao)進入國際(ji)市場的(de)名特食(shi)品之一。1920年(nian),宣威(wei)浦在庭(ting)兄弟將宣和公(gong)(gong)司(si)改為大有恒公(gong)(gong)司(si)。一九(jiu)二三年(nian)在廣(guang)州舉辦的(de)全國各(ge)地食(shi)品比賽會上,獲得各(ge)界人士的(de)好評。在這次會上,孫(sun)中(zhong)山先(xian)生品嘗了宣威(wei)火(huo)(huo)腿(tui)(tui),覺其色鮮肉嫩,味香回甜(tian),食(shi)而(er)不膩,備加贊(zan)賞,留下了“飲和食(shi)德(de)”的(de)題(ti)詞,以宣威(wei)火(huo)(huo)腿(tui)(tui)制成(cheng)“云腿(tui)(tui)”罐頭(tou)的(de)工廠,也(ye)取(qu)名為“德(de)和罐頭(tou)廠”,從此宣威(wei)火(huo)(huo)腿(tui)(tui)名聲大振(zhen),遠銷(xiao)東(dong)南亞和港(gang)澳地區,如今還出口(kou)日本和歐美一些(xie)國家(jia)。
宣威(wei)火腿歷史悠久,享譽中(zhong)外,是(shi)宣威(wei)市(shi)的(de)傳(chuan)統名特產品,屬中(zhong)國三大名腿之一。其產生和發展,必然有(you)其深刻而久遠的(de)自(zi)然及社會歷史根源。
口味特點
特點
宣威火(huo)腿(tui)(tui),成品(pin)形似琵(pi)琶,腳(jiao)細(xi)直伸(shen),皮薄肉嫩;皮面呈(cheng)棕色(se)(se)(se)(se)或淡黃色(se)(se)(se)(se),切面肌(ji)肉呈(cheng)玫(mei)瑰色(se)(se)(se)(se),骨(gu)呈(cheng)深紅(hong)色(se)(se)(se)(se),好似一股血氣凝(ning)聚在內,油(you)潤(run)有光澤(ze),脂肪呈(cheng)乳白(bai)色(se)(se)(se)(se)或微紅(hong)色(se)(se)(se)(se);食之(zhi)酥(su)脆,香而甜,油(you)而不(bu)膩(ni),咸(xian)淡適中。宣威火(huo)腿(tui)(tui)以五(wu)大特色(se)(se)(se)(se)聞名于世:鮮(xian)、酥(su)、脆、嫩、香,其營養價(jia)值豐(feng)富,肉質(zhi)彈性滋嫩,質(zhi)感(gan)油(you)而不(bu)膩(ni),香味濃郁飄遠(yuan) [3-4] ?。
風味特點
宣(xuan)(xuan)威火(huo)(huo)腿經(jing)久不衰,主要是取決于其(qi)色香味美,營養豐富,風味獨特(te)(te)(te)。而(er)宣(xuan)(xuan)威火(huo)(huo)腿的(de)(de)形(xing)成,又取決于宣(xuan)(xuan)威獨特(te)(te)(te)的(de)(de)地(di)域地(di)理(li)氣(qi)(qi)候環(huan)境。《宣(xuan)(xuan)威縣(xian)志稿》載(zai):“宣(xuan)(xuan)腿著名天下,氣(qi)(qi)候使然”。的(de)(de)確如此,鄰近宣(xuan)(xuan)威的(de)(de)其(qi)它地(di)區(qu)用(yong)與宣(xuan)(xuan)威相同(tong)的(de)(de)豬種(zhong),相同(tong)的(de)(de)飼養方法,相同(tong)的(de)(de)腌制工藝,制作出(chu)來的(de)(de)火(huo)(huo)腿其(qi)味道(dao)與宣(xuan)(xuan)威火(huo)(huo)腿相差甚遠。宣(xuan)(xuan)威火(huo)(huo)腿肉香馥郁,口感(gan)純(chun)美的(de)(de)秘密(mi),在(zai)于宣(xuan)(xuan)威獨特(te)(te)(te)的(de)(de)自然環(huan)境及氣(qi)(qi)候條件。
營養價值
宣(xuan)威火腿(tui)具有鮮、酥、脆、嫩、香(xiang)甜等特(te)點,長期以(yi)來一直以(yi)營(ying)養豐(feng)富,肉質(zhi)滋(zi)嫩,油而不膩(ni),香(xiang)味(wei)(wei)濃郁,咸香(xiang)回甜著稱于世,被(bei)消費者(zhe)視(shi)為名饋贈親朋(peng)好(hao)友的珍貴禮品,而在競爭(zheng)日(ri)漸(jian)劇烈(lie)的食(shi)品市(shi)場中(zhong)扎根開(kai)花(hua),經久(jiu)不衰。這并(bing)非偶然(ran),而是由其(qi)自身(shen)的香(xiang)味(wei)(wei)、營(ying)養價值及(ji)風味(wei)(wei)特(te)色所決(jue)定(ding)的。香(xiang)氣經昆明(ming)醫學院鑒定(ding)出43個(ge)(ge)(ge)芳(fang)香(xiang)化合(he)物,包括烴類(lei)7個(ge)(ge)(ge),醛(quan)類(lei)15個(ge)(ge)(ge)、酮類(lei)2個(ge)(ge)(ge)、醇及(ji)酚(fen)類(lei)7個(ge)(ge)(ge)、脂(zhi)類(lei)6個(ge)(ge)(ge)、呋喃類(lei)4個(ge)(ge)(ge)、其(qi)它2個(ge)(ge)(ge);據北京營(ying)養研究所及(ji)云南省(sheng)科學院測試中(zhong)心(xin)營(ying)養朊分(fen)析(xi)報告(gao)和測試分(fen)析(xi)結果表明(ming),宣(xuan)威火腿(tui)內含19種氮基酸(其(qi)中(zhong)8種人體不能合(he)成的必需氨基酸全部含有),11種維生素(su),9種微量元(yuan)素(su)。 [5]
加工工藝
宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)形(xing)似琵(pi)琶,身穿綠(lv)袍,三針青(qing)香(xiang)(xiang)無異味(wei)(wei)(wei),且(qie)富含蛋(dan)白質(zhi)、脂(zhi)肪(fang)、氨基酸、微(wei)量(liang)元素和(he)維生(sheng)素等多種營(ying)養(yang)(yang)物質(zhi)。其(qi)風(feng)味(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)成(cheng),除(chu)以豬(zhu)種、飼養(yang)(yang)、加(jia)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)有(you)關外,發酵(jiao)(jiao)過程是(shi)最重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響環(huan)節,經云南省微(wei)生(sheng)物研究的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研究表(biao)明(ming),國(guo)內(nei)外種類的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui),其(qi)主系列成(cheng)份大同(tong)小異,但(dan)非主系列成(cheng)份(營(ying)養(yang)(yang)成(cheng)份及色香(xiang)(xiang)味(wei)(wei)(wei))因(yin)(yin)發酵(jiao)(jiao)方法(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)而不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)。其(qi)它外地(di)(di)人通過來宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)學習,可以利(li)用(yong)其(qi)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu),但(dan)是(shi)所加(jia)工(gong)(gong)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)在宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)貯存、發酵(jiao)(jiao)或用(yong)外地(di)(di)鮮(xian)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)在宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)腌制(zhi)、貯存都(dou)是(shi)形(xing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)成(cheng)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。如昭通、四川、緬甸曾(ceng)經派人來宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)學習宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu),回去后(hou)如法(fa)(fa)加(jia)工(gong)(gong),但(dan)因(yin)(yin)氣(qi)(qi)候、水土等條件不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong),無法(fa)(fa)腌制(zhi)出宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui);在外地(di)(di)工(gong)(gong)作的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)人回老家(jia),都(dou)要(yao)帶(dai)一點鮮(xian)豬(zhu)肉和(he)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)回工(gong)(gong)作所在地(di)(di),是(shi)因(yin)(yin)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)境(jing)(jing)內(nei)所產鮮(xian)豬(zhu)肉肉質(zhi)滋(zi)嫩,味(wei)(wei)(wei)道鮮(xian)美;而帶(dai)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)則(ze)(ze)要(yao)選發酵(jiao)(jiao)成(cheng)熟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)老腿(tui)(tui)(tui),否則(ze)(ze)因(yin)(yin)氣(qi)(qi)候、水土環(huan)境(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)改變,好(hao)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)變成(cheng)壞腿(tui)(tui)(tui)。就是(shi)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)周邊(bian)鄰近(jin)地(di)(di)區(qu)所產火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui),加(jia)工(gong)(gong)腌制(zhi)方法(fa)(fa)一樣,也因(yin)(yin)氣(qi)(qi)候、水土不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)而在品(pin)質(zhi)上始終與(yu)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)有(you)很大差距(ju),尤其(qi)是(shi)色香(xiang)(xiang)味(wei)(wei)(wei)上差距(ju)相(xiang)當明(ming)顯,因(yin)(yin)此這(zhe)些周邊(bian)鄰近(jin)地(di)(di)區(qu)所產火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui),長(chang)期以來都(dou)要(yao)冠以宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)頭銜,才賣(mai)得(de)出去。這(zhe)說(shuo)明(ming)了宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)營(ying)養(yang)(yang)風(feng)味(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)成(cheng),主要(yao)是(shi)在宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)特(te)殊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)域(yu)氣(qi)(qi)候環(huan)境(jing)(jing)條件下(xia),經過風(feng)干,發酵(jiao)(jiao)成(cheng)熟而形(xing)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理化指標(biao),外官形(xing)狀,營(ying)養(yang)(yang)風(feng)味(wei)(wei)(wei)決定(ding)(ding)了其(qi)質(zhi)量(liang)特(te)色。宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)腌制(zhi)時只(zhi)用(yong)食(shi)用(yong)鹽,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)加(jia)任何(he)食(shi)品(pin)添加(jia)劑,其(qi)理化指標(biao)優于(yu)國(guo)標(biao),特(te)別是(shi)亞硝酸鹽含量(liang)很低(di),成(cheng)為宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一特(te)異性。宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精加(jia)工(gong)(gong)產品(pin)美觀大方,營(ying)養(yang)(yang)豐富,風(feng)味(wei)(wei)(wei)獨特(te),質(zhi)量(liang)上乘,食(shi)用(yong)方便。是(shi)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)人民根據(ju)其(qi)特(te)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)產環(huan)境(jing)(jing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)斷總(zong)結完善,依(yi)據(ju)消費需求,立足于(yu)國(guo)際市場接軌,并與(yu)其(qi)先進的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)食(shi)品(pin)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu),使(shi)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)在保(bao)持傳統(tong)風(feng)味(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)時,更加(jia)精美,而發揚(yang)光大。
火腿歷史
歷史沿革
在祖(zu)國西(xi)南(nan)氣勢磅(bang)礴的(de)云(yun)嶺山脈烏蒙(meng)山麓,閃(shan)耀著(zhu)一顆璀(cui)璨的(de)明珠(zhu),它山表水秀(xiu),物產(chan)富饒,阡陌(mo)流金,人(ren)杰地靈。這(zhe)就是鄧小平(ping)夫(fu)人(ren)(卓琳)的(de)故鄉(xiang),火腿之鄉(xiang)--宣威市。
宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)秦(qin)以前(qian)屬夜郎(lang)(lang)轄(xia)地。據《漢(han)(han)書.地理志》載,西(xi)漢(han)(han)武(wu)帝建(jian)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)前(qian)135年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))開犍為郡,屬益州(zhou),置縣(xian)(xian)(xian),即(ji)今宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)。蜀漢(han)(han)屬益州(zhou)建(jian)寧郡,仍為 縣(xian)(xian)(xian)。隋(sui)屬南(nan)寧州(zhou)總管(guan)府轄(xia),為東(dong)爨所(suo)據。唐武(wu)德元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)618年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))開南(nan)中(zhong)置南(nan)寧州(zhou),改稱泉麻(ma)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)。唐貞(zhen)觀(guan)八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)634年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))改南(nan)寧為郎(lang)(lang)州(zhou)。唐貞(zhen)觀(guan)二十二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)648)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),拆郎(lang)(lang)州(zhou)置麻(ma)州(zhou)(即(ji)今宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei))屬劍南(nan)道州(zhou)都督(du)府轄(xia)。南(nan)詔(zhao)時屬拓東(dong)節(jie)度石(shi)城(cheng)郡彌殿部轄(xia)。大(da)理國時為磨彌部。元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)世十三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1276年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))設(she)沾(zhan)益州(zhou),州(zhou)治(zhi)所(suo)在(zai)今市城(cheng)東(dong)河東(dong)營(ying),轄(xia)交水(今沾(zhan)益)、石(shi)梁(liang)(今宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)東(dong)北部)、羅山(shan)(今富源(yuan))三縣(xian)(xian)(xian),隸云南(nan)行中(zhong)書省曲(qu)靖路。明初仍為沾(zhan)益州(zhou),為土(tu)(tu)流(liu)合治(zhi),隸云南(nan)布政司(si)曲(qu)靖府。明洪武(wu)十四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1381年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),征南(nan)大(da)將(jiang)軍友德入滇(dian),取“宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)播朝廷威(wei)德”之褐意,設(she)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)關。宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)名源(yuan)于此。明洪武(wu)十六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1383年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))治(zhi)所(suo)移(yi)至今市城(cheng),始建(jian)土(tu)(tu)城(cheng)。永樂元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1403年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))擴建(jian)為石(shi)城(cheng)。清率雍正五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1727年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),云貴總督(du)爾鄂泰改土(tu)(tu)裁州(zhou)設(she)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)。中(zhong)華人民共和國成立后,宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)曾于1954年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)6月(yue)30日(ri)改名榕峰縣(xian)(xian)(xian),1994年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)2月(yue)18日(ri)撤(che)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)設(she)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)市。
制作歷史
宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)產、加工歷(li)史(shi)悠久(jiu)(jiu)、源(yuan)(yuan)遠流長(chang)。據有(you)(you)關資料(liao),宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)這塊厚(hou)(hou)重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)紅(hong)土地上(shang),早在(zai)新(xin)石(shi)器時代(dai)就留下(xia)了祖先的(de)(de)(de)足(zu)跡——格宜尖角(jiao)洞文化(hua)遺址(zhi)。至秦,本境已(yi)開通五尺驛道。三國(guo)(guo)時代(dai),本境留下(xia)蜀國(guo)(guo)兵(bing)將(jiang)駐扎的(de)(de)(de)“諸葛大(da)營”。明(ming)(ming)朝,重(zhong)修古驛道,古驛道旁留下(xia)了“山(shan)高水長(chang),水流云在(zai)”的(de)(de)(de)摩崖(ya)石(shi)刻以(yi)及(ji)傅友德南征的(de)(de)(de)“古戰場”、“古炮(pao)臺(tai)”、“烽火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)臺(tai)”遺址(zhi)。“南方古絲綢之(zhi)路”途(tu)經宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei),證明(ming)(ming)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)在(zai)遠古時代(dai)就具有(you)(you)相當程(cheng)度的(de)(de)(de)商(shang)業文明(ming)(ming)。所有(you)(you)這一(yi)切,都印(yin)證了宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)燦爛(lan)的(de)(de)(de)文化(hua),悠久(jiu)(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史(shi)。宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)同樣如(ru)此(ci),其(qi)歷(li)史(shi)之(zhi)久(jiu)(jiu)遠,竟令人難以(yi)查清(qing)(qing)(qing)其(qi)起源(yuan)(yuan)于何時。相傳,我國(guo)(guo)在(zai)春秋戰國(guo)(guo)時代(dai)即有(you)(you)腌(a)肉,且(qie)孔子喜食(shi)(shi)。到(dao)宋(song)朝,抗金民(min)族英(ying)雄宗(zong)澤發明(ming)(ming)“火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)”,火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)在(zai)我國(guo)(guo)已(yi)有(you)(you)近千年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史(shi)。至于宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui),究竟起源(yuan)(yuan)于何時,已(yi)難詳其(qi)考,但有(you)(you)一(yi)點可以(yi)肯定,明(ming)(ming)設宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)關,清(qing)(qing)(qing)置(zhi)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)州,使宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)有(you)(you)了成(cheng)名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)前(qian)提(ti)和基礎。也就是說,自清(qing)(qing)(qing)雍正五年(nian)(nian)(1727年(nian)(nian))置(zhi)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)州后,火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)便以(yi)地名(ming)命(ming)名(ming),稱宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui),流傳至今已(yi)有(you)(you)近三個(ge)世紀的(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)名(ming)史(shi),其(qi)聲(sheng)譽(yu)馳名(ming)中(zhong)(zhong)外,被美(mei)稱為華夏三大(da)名(ming)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)之(zhi)一(yi),宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)因此(ci)而獲火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)之(zhi)鄉的(de)(de)(de)美(mei)譽(yu),真可謂:“火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)文化(hua)源(yuan)(yuan)遠流長(chang),西南重(zhong)鎮商(shang)機(ji)無限(xian)”。據《宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)縣志》記載,清(qing)(qing)(qing)雍正五年(nian)(nian)(公元1727年(nian)(nian)),就以(yi)身穿綠袍,肉質厚(hou)(hou),精肉多(duo),蛋白豐富(fu)鮮嫩可口而享(xiang)有(you)(you)盛名(ming)。清(qing)(qing)(qing)光緒年(nian)(nian)間(jian),曾懿編(bian)著《中(zhong)(zhong)饋(kui)錄》中(zhong)(zhong)收有(you)(you)“宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)”的(de)(de)(de)制法。據此(ci)及(ji)有(you)(you)關史(shi)料(liao)推斷,宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)之(zhi)生(sheng),最遲明(ming)(ming)末(mo)即成(cheng),雍正時代(dai)即流入滇(dian)川首府(fu),清(qing)(qing)(qing)末(mo)流到(dao)東南沿海,民(min)國(guo)(guo)初年(nian)(nian),以(yi)浦在(zai)廷先生(sheng)為首的(de)(de)(de)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)公司已(yi)將(jiang)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)罐頭遠銷東南亞。1923年(nian)(nian)孫中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)大(da)總統題贈“飲和食(shi)(shi)德”,宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)從此(ci)名(ming)聲(sheng)大(da)震,香飄四海,載入世人食(shi)(shi)譜大(da)全。
清后時期
清初(chu)以(yi)(yi)前(qian),宣威(wei)(wei)這塊古老而(er)神奇的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土地上(shang),由于(yu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)歷(li)了(le)元代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)軍民屯(tun)田、明代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)置衛所(suo)及(ji)土流(liu)(liu)(liu)合治等(deng)社會變(bian)(bian)革,加(jia)之明重(zhong)修(xiu)驛道,交(jiao)通(tong)得到發展(zhan),與內地的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)密切交(jiao)往得以(yi)(yi)加(jia)強(qiang),居民成(cheng)份發生(sheng)(sheng)重(zhong)大(da)變(bian)(bian)化,使(shi)宣威(wei)(wei)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟有(you)了(le)一個長足發展(zhan)與進步的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)本(ben)前(qian)提,因(yin)而(er)社會生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)力有(you)了(le)很(hen)大(da)提高,中原地區先進的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)耕技術、養殖技術、文化及(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)廣泛(fan)傳播到宣威(wei)(wei)境(jing)內,農(nong)作(zuo)物產(chan)量、豬等(deng)畜產(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數量因(yin)而(er)有(you)大(da)幅(fu)度增加(jia),奠定了(le)火腿生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu),使(shi)農(nong)戶普遍(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)火腿成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)可(ke)能。同時(shi),由于(yu)玉(yu)米、馬鈴薯(shu)、胡蘿卜、白(bai)蘿卜等(deng)農(nong)作(zuo)物廣泛(fan)種植(zhi),交(jiao)通(tong)改(gai)善(shan)(shan),食(shi)鹽輸入,以(yi)(yi)及(ji)得天獨厚的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地理、氣(qi)候條件,為(wei)(wei)宣威(wei)(wei)火腿的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)起到了(le)重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保障(zhang)和促進作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。可(ke)以(yi)(yi)說,宣威(wei)(wei)火腿業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)興起,源之源就在于(yu)歷(li)代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)大(da)社會變(bian)(bian)革。此間(jian)(jian),由于(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)力得到快速發展(zhan),農(nong)戶所(suo)宰(zai)殺的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)年豬,在短時(shi)間(jian)(jian)內自(zi)食(shi)有(you)余,出售又受流(liu)(liu)(liu)通(tong)限制(zhi)(zhi),為(wei)(wei)此,用(yong)(yong)食(shi)鹽腌(a)(a)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)法加(jia)工(gong)貯(zhu)備(bei),以(yi)(yi)便隨時(shi)食(shi)用(yong)(yong)。經(jing)(jing)(jing)腌(a)(a)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)豬肉(rou),特別是后(hou)(hou)腿肉(rou),切開(kai)后(hou)(hou)香氣(qi)撲鼻,顏色(se)嫣紅似火,故(gu)稱(cheng)火腿。這一方(fang)(fang)法在民間(jian)(jian)相互傳播、四方(fang)(fang)流(liu)(liu)(liu)傳,逐步形(xing)成(cheng)大(da)體一致的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)腌(a)(a)制(zhi)(zhi)技術,經(jing)(jing)(jing)總結完(wan)善(shan)(shan)形(xing)成(cheng)傳統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)工(gong)工(gong)藝,世(shi)代(dai)相傳。當(dang)然,那時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)火腿加(jia)工(gong)業(ye),尚(shang)處初(chu)興萌芽(ya)階段,生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)力水平低下,腌(a)(a)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是為(wei)(wei)了(le)自(zi)食(shi)貯(zhu)備(bei),尚(shang)無商(shang)品(pin)(pin)意識可(ke)言。
清朝中后期,宣(xuan)(xuan)威火(huo)腿(tui)加工(gong)業得到(dao)了較快(kuai)的(de)(de)發展。至(zhi)清雍正(zheng)年(nian)間(jian),已(yi)初具(ju)規模,工(gong)藝(yi)頗(po)具(ju)章法,據《宣(xuan)(xuan)威縣志》記載,清雍正(zheng)五(wu)年(nian),城鄉集市(shi)貿易市(shi)場上(shang)普遍上(shang)市(shi)火(huo)腿(tui),當時到(dao)宣(xuan)(xuan)威赴任的(de)(de)流官知州張漢問(wen)這是何物,銷(xiao)貨者答(da)曰:“宣(xuan)(xuan)威火(huo)腿(tui)”。這足以說明宣(xuan)(xuan)威火(huo)腿(tui)在清雍正(zheng)年(nian)間(jian)就(jiu)已(yi)成(cheng)名并(bing)廣為(wei)流傳,成(cheng)為(wei)宣(xuan)(xuan)威城鄉貿易集市(shi)上(shang)的(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)商品(pin)之一,這是宣(xuan)(xuan)威火(huo)腿(tui)由自食貯(zhu)備(bei)向商品(pin)化(hua)過渡(du)的(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)轉(zhuan)折點。此期間(jian),宣(xuan)(xuan)威火(huo)腿(tui)已(yi)不僅(jin)僅(jin)是自食貯(zhu)備(bei)的(de)(de)農家(jia)產(chan)品(pin),它(ta)已(yi)發展成(cheng)為(wei)上(shang)市(shi)交易的(de)(de)初級商品(pin)和(he)農家(jia)饋贈親朋好友的(de)(de)貴重(zhong)禮(li)品(pin),不例外地(di)它(ta)便自然而然地(di)成(cheng)為(wei)地(di)方官紳進奉上(shang)司或(huo)欽(qin)差大臣的(de)(de)貢品(pin)。
清末至民(min)國(guo)(guo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian)(jian),宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)(wei)(wei)火(huo)(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)業(ye)如(ru)同中國(guo)(guo)的(de)民(min)族工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)一樣,獲得了(le)一次千載難逢(feng)的(de)發展機(ji)遇。當時,以浦(pu)(pu)在廷(ting)先生(sheng)(sheng)為代表的(de)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)(wei)(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)商(shang)業(ye)先驅(qu),將宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)(wei)(wei)火(huo)(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan),推上(shang)了(le)一個全新(xin)的(de)發展階(jie)段(duan)。清宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)統元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1909年(nian)(nian)(nian)),浦(pu)(pu)在廷(ting)、陳時銓等(deng)(deng)人(ren)集(ji)(ji)資4萬銀元,創辦(ban)了(le)“宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)和(he)(he)火(huo)(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)股(gu)份有限(xian)公司(si)”,收購(gou)鮮(xian)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)腌制(zhi)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)(wei)(wei)火(huo)(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)或(huo)從(cong)(cong)市場購(gou)進(jin)(jin)優質宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)(wei)(wei)火(huo)(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui),從(cong)(cong)事火(huo)(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)貿(mao)易(yi)事業(ye),同時派人(ren)入粵學(xue)習(xi)并嘗試摸索了(le)土(tu)法(fa)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)火(huo)(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)罐(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)頭(tou)獲得成功。由(you)于火(huo)(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)罐(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)頭(tou)品(pin)味可(ke)口、裝(zhuang)潢美觀、攜帶方便(bian),一上(shang)市就深受歡迎,供不就求。民(min)國(guo)(guo)七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1918年(nian)(nian)(nian)),為擴大(da)(da)規模(mo)、改進(jin)(jin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝,浦(pu)(pu)在廷(ting)先生(sheng)(sheng)又創辦(ban)“宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)和(he)(he)火(huo)(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)罐(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)頭(tou)股(gu)份有限(xian)公司(si)”,派專人(ren)到日本、上(shang)海學(xue)習(xi)制(zhi)造(zao)罐(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)頭(tou)技術(shu),從(cong)(cong)美國(guo)(guo)購(gou)進(jin)(jin)機(ji)械設備開(kai)發生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)罐(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)頭(tou),除蒸煮屬(shu)土(tu)法(fa)裝(zhuang)置外,制(zhi)罐(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、打蓋、切肉均用機(ji)械化,日產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)300罐(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),年(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)10萬罐(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)有“火(huo)(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)罐(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)頭(tou)”、“蹄(ti)筋罐(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)頭(tou)”、“雞(ji)#罐(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)頭(tou)”等(deng)(deng)。1920年(nian)(nian)(nian),“宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)和(he)(he)火(huo)(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)罐(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)頭(tou)股(gu)份有限(xian)公司(si)”改名為“浦(pu)(pu)在廷(ting)兄弟食(shi)品(pin)罐(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)頭(tou)公司(si)”(即“大(da)(da)有恒(heng)(heng)”商(shang)號),1923年(nian)(nian)(nian),該公司(si)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)火(huo)(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)罐(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)頭(tou),在廣東舉辦(ban)的(de)全國(guo)(guo)地(di)(di)方名特產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)賽會上(shang),獲優質獎(jiang)章,孫中山先生(sheng)(sheng)為此親筆題詞“飲和(he)(he)食(shi)德”。1928年(nian)(nian)(nian)11月,在上(shang)海中華(hua)國(guo)(guo)貨展覽會上(shang),宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)(wei)(wei)火(huo)(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)和(he)(he)“大(da)(da)有恒(heng)(heng)”生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)火(huo)(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)乳餅(bing)分別(bie)獲特等(deng)(deng)獎(jiang)和(he)(he)一等(deng)(deng)獎(jiang)。此后,至1947年(nian)(nian)(nian),如(ru)火(huo)(huo)如(ru)荼的(de)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)(wei)(wei)火(huo)(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)步(bu)入了(le)一個產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)銷兩(liang)旺的(de)輝(hui)煌時期(qi),開(kai)創宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)(wei)(wei)地(di)(di)方工(gong)(gong)(gong)商(shang)業(ye)的(de)歷史先河。在此期(qi)間(jian)(jian),浦(pu)(pu)在廷(ting)等(deng)(deng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)商(shang)業(ye)先驅(qu),使宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)(wei)(wei)火(huo)(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)的(de)商(shang)品(pin)化進(jin)(jin)一步(bu)擴大(da)(da),還首創了(le)合(he)伙、股(gu)份等(deng)(deng)融資方式,將分散的(de)少量資本集(ji)(ji)中起來辦(ban)大(da)(da)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)的(de)宏偉業(ye)績。
趕著馬(ma)幫、下過(guo)南洋的(de)(de)傳奇人(ren)(ren)物(wu)浦(pu)(pu)在(zai)(zai)廷(ting)(ting)先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),是宣(xuan)威(wei)(wei)火(huo)(huo)腿(tui)工業(ye)(ye)化萌芽的(de)(de)培育者(zhe),也(ye)是推動宣(xuan)威(wei)(wei)火(huo)(huo)腿(tui)走(zou)向(xiang)世界(jie),揚名海(hai)(hai)內(nei)外(wai)的(de)(de)第一(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren),他對宣(xuan)威(wei)(wei)火(huo)(huo)腿(tui)的(de)(de)經濟(ji)文(wen)化價(jia)值(zhi),早在(zai)(zai)清宣(xuan)統(tong)元(yuan)年(1909年)就有(you)精(jing)辟的(de)(de)超(chao)前論述:“竊(qie)維富(fu)民之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)策爭(zheng)競(jing)以(yi)(yi)(yi)商(shang),而商(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)集(ji)合必(bi)(bi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)公(gong)司(si)(si)為(wei)(wei)歸宿。值(zhi)此外(wai)潮日浸,若(ruo)不(bu)(bu)及聯團體(ti),力求(qiu)改良,未有(you)不(bu)(bu)劣敗者(zhe)。今欲振興商(shang)業(ye)(ye),必(bi)(bi)自地(di)方已有(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)產(chan)而研究,靳于(yu)精(jing)美(mei),方足占(zhan)有(you)優(you)(you)勝而握(wo)權利。宣(xuan)威(wei)(wei)地(di)瘠民貧,窮于(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)計,唯有(you)火(huo)(huo)腿(tui)一(yi)(yi)宗,為(wei)(wei)天然之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)特產(chan),亦(yi)固有(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利源”。浦(pu)(pu)先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)還進一(yi)(yi)步分析到:“徒以(yi)(yi)(yi)舊制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)加(jia)(jia)講求(qiu),形式笨重,色味良莠,無一(yi)(yi)準(zhun)的(de)(de);加(jia)(jia)以(yi)(yi)(yi)商(shang)販零量,受行(xing)店之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)壟勒,成本(ben)過(guo)重,腌法(fa)茍(gou)茍(gou),以(yi)(yi)(yi)致銷(xiao)(xiao)路(lu)日阻,利益(yi)亦(yi)漸衰微,良可嘆也(ye)”。浦(pu)(pu)先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)(bu)僅(jin)這(zhe)樣(yang)認識火(huo)(huo)腿(tui),還敢為(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)行(xing),身體(ti)力行(xing),親自投資引(yin)入(ru)(ru)技術及機器(qi)(qi)設備(bei)進行(xing)開(kai)發(fa),幾經磨難,幾度曲折,終于(yu)將烏蒙(meng)山中笨重的(de)(de)原始農家(jia)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)加(jia)(jia)工轉換成便于(yu)攜帶(dai)的(de)(de)罐(guan)頭(tou)產(chan)品(pin),躋身海(hai)(hai)內(nei)外(wai)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)市場(chang)。關于(yu)浦(pu)(pu)先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)輝煌業(ye)(ye)績,《宣(xuan)威(wei)(wei)縣(xian)志》有(you)這(zhe)樣(yang)一(yi)(yi)段(duan)記載:“宣(xuan)威(wei)(wei)縣(xian)工業(ye)(ye)素(su)不(bu)(bu)發(fa)達,近感于(yu)物(wu)競(jing)天擇(ze),優(you)(you)勝劣敗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)故(gu)(gu),率皆(jie)投袂(mei)而起,思以(yi)(yi)(yi)新(xin)(xin)法(fa)易舊章,機械代(dai)人(ren)(ren)力,為(wei)(wei)工商(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)新(xin)(xin)紀元(yuan)。就中以(yi)(yi)(yi)火(huo)(huo)腿(tui)罐(guan)頭(tou)一(yi)(yi)項最(zui)著成效。其原起始于(yu)宣(xuan)和公(gong)司(si)(si)派人(ren)(ren)入(ru)(ru)粵(yue)學制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)罐(guan)頭(tou),遂(sui)訂(ding)購機器(qi)(qi)入(ru)(ru)境,開(kai)工招藝徒成立(li)火(huo)(huo)腿(tui)罐(guan)頭(tou)公(gong)司(si)(si)。取攜帶(dai)便而應用廣,為(wei)(wei)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)中珍(zhen)(zhen)美(mei)豐腴良構,故(gu)(gu)暢銷(xiao)(xiao)全(quan)(quan)國及海(hai)(hai)外(wai),有(you)供不(bu)(bu)逮求(qiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勢”。浦(pu)(pu)先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)對民族工業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)建樹,除(chu)了(le)孫中山為(wei)(wei)其親筆題(ti)(ti)(ti)詞(ci)“飲和食(shi)(shi)德”外(wai),先(xian)(xian)后為(wei)(wei)其題(ti)(ti)(ti)詞(ci)的(de)(de)還有(you):云南督軍(jun)(jun)唐繼堯題(ti)(ti)(ti)“急(ji)公(gong)好義”;駐粵(yue)湘軍(jun)(jun)總(zong)(zong)(zong)司(si)(si)令(ling)譚(tan)延闿題(ti)(ti)(ti)“推譚(tan)撲遠”;滇(dian)軍(jun)(jun)總(zong)(zong)(zong)司(si)(si)令(ling)楊希閔(min)題(ti)(ti)(ti)“味美(mei)于(yu)回”;滇(dian)軍(jun)(jun)軍(jun)(jun)長(chang)范(fan)(fan)石(shi)先(xian)(xian)題(ti)(ti)(ti)“調和鼎鼐(nai)”,并在(zai)(zai)題(ti)(ti)(ti)詞(ci)前加(jia)(jia)上(shang):“宣(xuan)腿(tui)較金(jin)腿(tui)高倍,蓰得熱心實業(ye)(ye)如浦(pu)(pu)在(zai)(zai)廷(ting)(ting)者(zhe)改良制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造,裝成罐(guan)頭(tou),必(bi)(bi)能推銷(xiao)(xiao)全(quan)(quan)球(qiu)也(ye)”;滇(dian)軍(jun)(jun)師(shi)長(chang)趙成良題(ti)(ti)(ti)“民力普存(cun)#珍(zhen)(zhen)云臘”;滇(dian)軍(jun)(jun)師(shi)長(chang)廖(liao)行(xing)超(chao)題(ti)(ti)(ti)“媲美(mei)薄鱸”;滇(dian)軍(jun)(jun)師(shi)長(chang)徐德題(ti)(ti)(ti)“味道之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)腴”;書法(fa)家(jia)陳榮昌題(ti)(ti)(ti)“說土同甘”;滇(dian)軍(jun)(jun)軍(jun)(jun)長(chang)范(fan)(fan)石(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)題(ti)(ti)(ti),書法(fa)家(jia)陳榮昌書“宛水榕峰,形式秀雄(xiong),挺立(li)能人(ren)(ren),有(you)如在(zai)(zai)公(gong)”。浦(pu)(pu)在(zai)(zai)廷(ting)(ting)先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)有(you)僅(jin)在(zai)(zai)宣(xuan)威(wei)(wei)火(huo)(huo)腿(tui)發(fa)展史上(shang),而且有(you)宣(xuan)威(wei)(wei)民族工商(shang)業(ye)(ye)發(fa)展史上(shang)都不(bu)(bu)愧為(wei)(wei)開(kai)拓創新(xin)(xin)者(zhe)。他曾兩(liang)任(ren)宣(xuan)威(wei)(wei)縣(xian)商(shang)會會長(chang),歷任(ren)旅粵(yue)滇(dian)軍(jun)(jun)軍(jun)(jun)需總(zong)(zong)(zong)局(ju)(ju)局(ju)(ju)長(chang),廣東省煙酒公(gong)賣(mai)局(ju)(ju)局(ju)(ju)長(chang)、全(quan)(quan)國總(zong)(zong)(zong)商(shang)會副會長(chang),獲少將軍(jun)(jun)銜。為(wei)(wei)表彰(zhang)浦(pu)(pu)先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)對宣(xuan)威(wei)(wei)工商(shang)業(ye)(ye)作(zuo)出的(de)(de)卓(zhuo)越(yue)貢獻。1993年,宣(xuan)威(wei)(wei)市委(wei)、政府撥(bo)出專款,修復了(le)浦(pu)(pu)在(zai)(zai)廷(ting)(ting)先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)故(gu)(gu)居,以(yi)(yi)(yi)緬懷(huai)這(zhe)位(wei)杰出的(de)(de)工商(shang)先(xian)(xian)驅,激勵后人(ren)(ren)。
這里值得一提(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi),由于浦先生等工商(shang)先驅(qu)的(de)(de)(de)努(nu)力,以(yi)火(huo)腿為(wei)載體(ti),在(zai)民國(guo)年(nian)(nian)間(jian)不僅推(tui)動了(le)宣威(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)文明(ming)與進步,還(huan)曾向革命(ming)(ming)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)隊提(ti)(ti)供(gong)服務,為(wei)中國(guo)革命(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)勝利作出(chu)重大貢獻。一是(shi)1916年(nian)(nian)蔡(cai)鍔將軍(jun)(jun)(jun)率領的(de)(de)(de)討袁(yuan)靖國(guo)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)路過宣威(wei)(wei),宣威(wei)(wei)火(huo)腿及其罐頭為(wei)正(zheng)義之師(shi)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)了(le)豐(feng)富的(de)(de)(de)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)需供(gong)應(ying)。二(er)是(shi)1935年(nian)(nian)、1936年(nian)(nian),中國(guo)工農紅(hong)(hong)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)九軍(jun)(jun)(jun)團(tuan)、二(er)、六軍(jun)(jun)(jun)團(tuan)長征路過宣威(wei)(wei),宣威(wei)(wei)火(huo)腿既是(shi)肉又含(han)食(shi)鹽,深受紅(hong)(hong)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)官(guan)兵喜愛,宣威(wei)(wei)火(huo)腿為(wei)紅(hong)(hong)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)走過漫漫長征路補充了(le)給養。宣威(wei)(wei)虎頭山戰(zhan)役四十余年(nian)(nian)后(hou),當(dang)年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)紅(hong)(hong)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)指戰(zhan)員(yuan)王恩茂(全國(guo)政協副主(zhu)席、原(yuan)紅(hong)(hong)六軍(jun)(jun)(jun)團(tuan)秘書長)、張铚秀(原(yuan)昆(kun)明(ming)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)區司(si)令(ling))、周(zhou)仁杰(原(yuan)解放軍(jun)(jun)(jun)海軍(jun)(jun)(jun)副司(si)令(ling)員(yuan))、晏福生(原(yuan)廣州軍(jun)(jun)(jun)區副司(si)令(ling)員(yuan))、黃新亭(原(yuan)解放軍(jun)(jun)(jun)裝甲兵司(si)令(ling))等先后(hou)前(qian)來戰(zhan)地憑(ping)吊犧牲(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)戰(zhan)友時,最使他(ta)們難以(yi)忘懷的(de)(de)(de)就是(shi)那場激(ji)烈(lie)的(de)(de)(de)戰(zhan)斗(dou)中,缺糧少鹽時嘗到宣威(wei)(wei)火(huo)腿那種如品御(yu)肴奇饌(zhuan)的(de)(de)(de)感受。
建國后
中華人民共(gong)和國成(cheng)立之(zhi)后,宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)生豬飼養和火(huo)(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)發(fa)展較快。1954年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)成(cheng)立縣(xian)(xian)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)公司(si)(si),由(you)該公司(si)(si)在(zai)(zai)國家計劃指導(dao)下專(zhuan)營肉食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(包括火(huo)(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)),當年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)銷售(shou)(shou)原(yuan)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)159.5噸(dun)(dun)(dun),1959年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)達(da)(da)(da)706噸(dun)(dun)(dun),1977年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)922噸(dun)(dun)(dun),1984年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)達(da)(da)(da)1309噸(dun)(dun)(dun)。宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)火(huo)(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui),曾于1955年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)7月(yue)至1958年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)12月(yue)因(yin)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)縣(xian)(xian)更名為榕(rong)(rong)峰縣(xian)(xian)而(er)改稱“榕(rong)(rong)峰火(huo)(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)”,此(ci)間,因(yin)更名而(er)突然滯銷。1959年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),為維(wei)護(hu)“宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)火(huo)(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)”聲譽,云(yun)南省人民政府(fu)報經國務院批準(zhun),又將“榕(rong)(rong)峰縣(xian)(xian)”復(fu)名“宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)縣(xian)(xian)”,“宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)火(huo)(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)”隨之(zhi)恢復(fu)原(yuan)名,由(you)此(ci)又暢(chang)銷如(ru)故(gu)。1985年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)起,國家取消對肉食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的"統(tong)派(pai)購"制度,縣(xian)(xian)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)公司(si)(si)為適(shi)應(ying)市(shi)場需要(yao),在(zai)(zai)保(bao)持傳統(tong)風味的基礎(chu)上,引入先進設備,先后開發(fa)了“宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)字牌”洗腿(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)、精腿(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)、片裝、盒(he)裝、金錢腿(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)、皇冠腿(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)等系(xi)(xi)列產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)投(tou)放(fang)市(shi)場,深受廣大消費者(zhe)歡迎。1992年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)7月(yue),云(yun)南宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)火(huo)(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)集(ji)(ji)團(tuan)公司(si)(si)成(cheng)立,宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)火(huo)(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)加工向規模化(hua)(hua)、集(ji)(ji)約化(hua)(hua)方向發(fa)展,經營宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)火(huo)(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)的企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)在(zai)(zai)其(qi)帶(dai)動下如(ru)雨后春筍(sun)般發(fa)展起來。至1999年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),全(quan)市(shi)生豬出欄92.3萬頭,火(huo)(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量13000噸(dun)(dun)(dun),產(chan)(chan)(chan)值近3億元。全(quan)市(shi)經營火(huo)(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)的企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)及工商(shang)戶(hu)(hu)達(da)(da)(da)500余(yu)(yu)戶(hu)(hu),銷售(shou)(shou)原(yuan)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)8000余(yu)(yu)噸(dun)(dun)(dun),其(qi)中云(yun)南宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)火(huo)(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)集(ji)(ji)團(tuan)公司(si)(si)銷售(shou)(shou)原(yuan)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)2000余(yu)(yu)噸(dun)(dun)(dun),占四分之(zhi)一;全(quan)市(shi)共(gong)有系(xi)(xi)列化(hua)(hua)精加工企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)和工商(shang)戶(hu)(hu)38戶(hu)(hu),系(xi)(xi)列化(hua)(hua)加工產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)產(chan)(chan)(chan)銷量達(da)(da)(da)1000余(yu)(yu)噸(dun)(dun)(dun),其(qi)中云(yun)南宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)火(huo)(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)集(ji)(ji)團(tuan)公司(si)(si)經營380噸(dun)(dun)(dun),占38%以上。
從1980年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)至1999年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),宣(xuan)威(wei)火(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)及其(qi)(qi)系列(lie)(lie)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin),先(xian)后(hou)(hou)榮(rong)(rong)獲國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)銀質(zhi)(zhi)獎(jiang)、全國(guo)(guo)(guo)營(ying)養(yang)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)“熊貓杯(bei)”金(jin)獎(jiang)、全國(guo)(guo)(guo)春夏市(shi)(shi)(shi)場最受(shou)(shou)歡迎商品(pin)(pin)(pin)“金(jin)奔馬(ma)”獎(jiang)、首屆(jie)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)博(bo)覽(lan)(lan)會(hui)金(jin)獎(jiang)、中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)婦(fu)女兒(er)童用(yong)品(pin)(pin)(pin)40年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)博(bo)覽(lan)(lan)會(hui)金(jin)獎(jiang)、中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)沿(yan)海(hai)開(kai)放城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)商品(pin)(pin)(pin)博(bo)覽(lan)(lan)會(hui)金(jin)獎(jiang)、全國(guo)(guo)(guo)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)行(xing)業(ye)名牌產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)獎(jiang)、全國(guo)(guo)(guo)特(te)殊營(ying)養(yang)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)獎(jiang)、中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)用(yong)戶公認質(zhi)(zhi)量承諾產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)、云(yun)(yun)南(nan)名牌產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)、云(yun)(yun)南(nan)省首屆(jie)旅游優(you)秀食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)、`99昆明世界園(yuan)(yuan)藝(yi)博(bo)覽(lan)(lan)會(hui)指(zhi)(zhi)定產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)、世界生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)力大(da)(da)會(hui)指(zhi)(zhi)定名牌產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)等(deng)(deng)各級各類獎(jiang)共43個,其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)云(yun)(yun)南(nan)宣(xuan)威(wei)火(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)企業(ye)集團公司(si)獲獎(jiang)22個,占53.4%。該公司(si)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)"宣(xuan)字(zi)牌"宣(xuan)威(wei)火(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)系列(lie)(lie)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin),暢銷昆明、武漢(han)、上海(hai)、廣(guang)州、深(shen)圳(zhen)、重(zhong)慶等(deng)(deng)國(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)20多(duo)個大(da)(da)中(zhong)(zhong)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi),還(huan)經(jing)深(shen)圳(zhen)轉口遠(yuan)銷香港、臺北、基隆(long)、大(da)(da)坂、漢(han)城(cheng)(cheng)、新加(jia)坡、溫(wen)哥華(hua)、紐(niu)約、加(jia)拿大(da)(da)、泰國(guo)(guo)(guo)、緬甸等(deng)(deng)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)和地(di)區,深(shen)受(shou)(shou)廣(guang)大(da)(da)消費者(zhe)的(de)喜愛和歡迎。1983年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)8月(yue)重(zhong)慶冠(guan)生(sheng)園(yuan)(yuan)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)公司(si)向(xiang)宣(xuan)威(wei)縣食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)公司(si)題贈:“云(yun)(yun)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)技藝(yi)精,盛譽(yu)(yu)滿(man)(man)山城(cheng)(cheng)”大(da)(da)紅錦(jin)旗;1987年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)秋(qiu),昆明桂美軒糕點廠向(xiang)宣(xuan)威(wei)縣食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)公司(si)題贈:“味美質(zhi)(zhi)佳,譽(yu)(yu)滿(man)(man)中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)”的(de)精美牌匾。與此同時(shi),由于經(jing)營(ying)成效顯著(zhu)(zhu),該公司(si)曾(ceng)先(xian)后(hou)(hou)得到原云(yun)(yun)南(nan)省委書(shu)記(ji)普朝柱、國(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)貿易部副部長(chang)黃涼塵(chen)、何濟海(hai)、傅立(li)民,云(yun)(yun)南(nan)省委副書(shu)記(ji)王學(xue)仁(原曲靖地(di)委書(shu)記(ji))等(deng)(deng)領導(dao)同志的(de)題詞鼓(gu)勵。1988年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)12月(yue)24日(ri)(ri),在(zai)“首屆(jie)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)博(bo)覽(lan)(lan)會(hui)”上,“宣(xuan)字(zi)牌”宣(xuan)威(wei)火(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)榮(rong)(rong)獲金(jin)獎(jiang)后(hou)(hou),受(shou)(shou)李鵬總理(li)的(de)稱贊。1992年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)2月(yue)18日(ri)(ri),原商業(ye)部長(chang)胡平到云(yun)(yun)南(nan)檢(jian)查(cha)指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)工作(zuo),在(zai)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)貨(huo)街上視察進,對“宣(xuan)字(zi)牌”火(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)很感興趣,并(bing)寄(ji)予(yu)厚望。1993年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)6月(yue),在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)沿(yan)海(hai)開(kai)放城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)商品(pin)(pin)(pin)與盼奧(ao)運生(sheng)活體育(yu)用(yong)品(pin)(pin)(pin)博(bo)覽(lan)(lan)會(hui)上,組委會(hui)官員在(zai)巡視展(zhan)廳時(shi)評價(jia)說:“宣(xuan)威(wei)火(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)是這次參展(zhan)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)中(zhong)(zhong)最具特(te)色(se)的(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)”。1995年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)4月(yue)18日(ri)(ri)至19日(ri)(ri),世界著(zhu)(zhu)名物理(li)學(xue)家(jia)、全國(guo)(guo)(guo)政協(xie)副主席錢偉長(chang)到宣(xuan)威(wei)市(shi)(shi)(shi)考察時(shi),在(zai)重(zhong)點考察了(le)火(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)營(ying)情(qing)況后(hou)(hou)指(zhi)(zhi)出,從事火(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)要提高(gao)商品(pin)(pin)(pin)意識,把(ba)握(wo)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場情(qing)況,注重(zhong)綜合效益,把(ba)火(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)、加(jia)工發展(zhan)為社會(hui)化大(da)(da)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)。他(ta)對宣(xuan)威(wei)火(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)發展(zhan)深(shen)表(biao)關(guan)注,并(bing)寄(ji)予(yu)厚望。
發展評述
關(guan)于宣(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)火腿(tui)的(de)業績,許多國(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)外知名(ming)的(de)書刊都作(zuo)了(le)登載,僅如今收集到的(de)就有十幾部,如《中國(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家優質食品大全(quan)》、《我的(de)父親鄧小平》、《鹿鼎記》、《無(wu)悔的(de)歲月》等。1996年(nian),中央電視臺《神州風采》欄目(mu)以“秦關(guan)古道話宣(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)”為題(ti),向世人(ren)充分展示了(le)宣(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)及宣(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)火腿(tui)的(de)風采。
縱觀(guan)宣(xuan)威(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)火(huo)腿(tui)(tui)的(de)(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)歷程,幾(ji)經曲折,幾(ji)度發展(zhan)(zhan),終于形成今天年(nian)產值(zhi)近(jin)3億元(yuan)的(de)(de)大產業(ye),其原由,包括社(she)會因素(su)和自然因素(su)兩方(fang)(fang)(fang)面。社(she)會因素(su)主要有元(yuan)時設(she)有軍民屯田;明代設(she)置衛所;清時改土(tu)歸流(liu);民國(guo)(guo)年(nian)間民族工(gong)業(ye)的(de)(de)興起;中華人民共和國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)建立(li);玉米、馬鈴薯、胡(hu)蘿(luo)卜等(deng)(deng)農作物的(de)(de)引入及(ji)(ji)廣泛種植;養豬(zhu)業(ye)的(de)(de)不斷發展(zhan)(zhan);交通的(de)(de)改善;食鹽的(de)(de)輸入;人口遷移;加(jia)工(gong)技術(shu)及(ji)(ji)工(gong)藝(yi)引進(jin)等(deng)(deng)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面。自然因素(su)有獨特的(de)(de)氣候(hou)、水土(tu)、飼(si)料、豬(zhu)種、飼(si)養、加(jia)工(gong)工(gong)藝(yi)、保(bao)管技術(shu)等(deng)(deng)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面。幾(ji)百年(nian)來(lai),火(huo)腿(tui)(tui)業(ye)在這兩大因素(su)的(de)(de)綜合作用下,伴隨著宣(xuan)威(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)社(she)會的(de)(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)而(er)發展(zhan)(zhan),火(huo)腿(tui)(tui)業(ye)的(de)(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)促進(jin)了宣(xuan)威(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)社(she)會經濟及(ji)(ji)文化(hua)的(de)(de)巨(ju)大進(jin)步,火(huo)腿(tui)(tui)業(ye)融進(jin)了宣(xuan)威(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)六千余平方(fang)(fang)(fang)公里的(de)(de)山山水水之中。火(huo)腿(tui)(tui)成了宣(xuan)威(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)最負(fu)盛名的(de)(de)文化(hua)標(biao)志,火(huo)腿(tui)(tui)因宣(xuan)威(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)而(er)得名,宣(xuan)威(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)也因火(huo)腿(tui)(tui)而(er)獲(huo)火(huo)腿(tui)(tui)之鄉的(de)(de)美稱,可以說(shuo)宣(xuan)威(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)火(huo)腿(tui)(tui)是宣(xuan)威(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)人對祖(zu)國(guo)(guo)飲(yin)食文化(hua)的(de)(de)一大奉獻。
綜上所(suo)述,宣威火(huo)腿最(zui)遲明末產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng),清(qing)初(chu)發展(zhan),清(qing)雍正五年(nian)(nian)成名,民(min)國(guo)12年(nian)(nian)(公元(yuan)1923年(nian)(nian))著名,二(er)(er)十(shi)世紀(ji)八十(shi)年(nian)(nian)代再(zai)度(du)著名,九(jiu)十(shi)年(nian)(nian)代實現專業化、規模化、系(xi)列化生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan),產(chan)(chan)品批量進入國(guo)內(nei)市場,產(chan)(chan)銷(xiao)兩旺,初(chu)步展(zhan)現大生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)、大市場、大流通發展(zhan)態勢。以宣威火(huo)腿為龍頭的生(sheng)(sheng)豬生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)已發展(zhan)成為宣威乃(nai)至云南(nan)最(zui)有特色、最(zui)具潛(qian)力的一(yi)大支柱產(chan)(chan)業,悄然跨(kua)入二(er)(er)十(shi)一(yi)世紀(ji),發展(zhan)前景(jing)十(shi)分廣闊。在祖國(guo)西南(nan)氣勢磅(bang)礴(bo)的云嶺(ling)山(shan)脈烏蒙(meng)山(shan)麓,閃(shan)耀(yao)著一(yi)顆璀燦的明珠(zhu),它山(shan)表水秀,物產(chan)(chan)富饒(rao),阡(qian)陌流金,人杰地靈。這就是鄧小平(ping)夫(fu)人卓琳(浦在廷(ting)之幼女浦瓊英(ying))的故(gu)鄉,高原(yuan)明珠(zhu)、火(huo)腿之鄉——宣威市。
質量鑒別
香(xiang)(xiang)氣和(he)亞硝(xiao)酸鹽殘留(liu)量(liang)低是宣威火(huo)腿(tui)(tui)的特征(zheng)性指標。鑒(jian)定(ding)宣威火(huo)腿(tui)(tui)質量(liang),只要在(zai)股骨(gu)與(yu)脛(jing)骨(gu)骨(gu)縫附近,恥(chi)骨(gu)與(yu)股骨(gu)結(jie)合(he)處,坐骨(gu)的肌腱(jian)部(bu)位分別用(yong)篾(mie)針(zhen)或骨(gu)針(zhen)刺入三個(ge)不同(tong)部(bu)位,嗅之,以“三針(zhen)清香(xiang)(xiang)”為(wei)上(shang)品,上(shang)針(zhen)清香(xiang)(xiang),中(zhong)針(zhen)、下(xia)針(zhen)無(wu)異味為(wei)合(he)格(ge)品;另(ling)外取(qu)樣檢驗亞硝(xiao)酸鹽殘留(liu)量(liang),實測值超過(guo)4 mg/kg,一(yi)般不是宣威火(huo)腿(tui)(tui) [7] ?。