至今,全村已有(you)羅姓(xing)村民近600戶(hu),3700余人,主要分布在羅屋(wu)一帶,并以羅屋(wu)為中軸線,由東往西延(yan)伸發展。屋(wu)宇多為坐北(bei)朝(chao)南(nan),面(mian)對(dui)南(nan)邊的水(shui)口(kou),據說這是先人“依(yi)山造屋(wu),傍水(shui)結村”而成,有(you)“背山面(mian)水(shui),負陰抱陽”之勢。四座古(gu)“風水(shui)塔”依(yi)東、南(nan)、西、北(bei)四個方向建在遠(yuan)處山頂(ding)上,猶如四道屏障,緊護著密溪(xi)村。
密(mi)溪現存(cun)近百(bai)幢大(da)(da)(da)大(da)(da)(da)小小的(de)(de)(de)古民居,多為明清時期所建(jian)(jian),規模宏(hong)大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)主要有羅(luo)氏大(da)(da)(da)宗祠(ci)、羅(luo)應文公祠(ci)、應宗公祠(ci)、石泉公祠(ci)、淳夫公祠(ci)、皋澤公祠(ci)、密(mi)峰(feng)太公祠(ci)等十幾處,一(yi)般占地(di)面(mian)積都有三四百(bai)平(ping)方米左右(you);大(da)(da)(da)小不一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)私(si)廳、私(si)宅,則(ze)如星羅(luo)棋布(bu),眾星拱(gong)(gong)月般地(di)散布(bu)在(zai)村內。結構多為磚木,也有一(yi)些祠(ci)廳全(quan)用木料構建(jian)(jian),大(da)(da)(da)部分屋頂都是兩面(mian)坡下水的(de)(de)(de)歇山頂或硬山頂式,許(xu)多隔間垛(duo)墻都上瓦端(duan),突(tu)出檐(yan)外(wai),昂首飛翹,頗有動感。據譜載(zai),密(mi)溪晚清前還曾設圩(wei)市,每逢圩(wei)日之時就人聲鼎(ding)沸,商(shang)賈云集,后因(yin)戰亂(luan)而廢圩(wei)。但至(zhi)今天(tian)仍(reng)(reng)可以從遺存(cun)的(de)(de)(de)兩條相(xiang)互(hu)貫通、繞羅(luo)屋而行的(de)(de)(de)石板巷道和寬大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)內圍磚拱(gong)(gong)門及(ji)圩(wei)街遺跡,仍(reng)(reng)可看出當年圩(wei)市的(de)(de)(de)影子。
密溪(xi)古民居的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)裝(zhuang)飾(shi)藝(yi)術(shu),堪稱一絕(jue)。如(ru)羅氏大(da)(da)宗祠(ci),大(da)(da)門(men)兩(liang)(liang)側一排(pai)明(ming)清碑刻,青石板臺階兩(liang)(liang)端屹立(li)著一對(dui)威武的(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)石獅(shi),門(men)檻(jian)邊一對(dui)精雕(diao)(diao)(diao)細琢的(de)(de)(de)榮鼓(gu)石,高(gao)大(da)(da)雄(xiong)偉的(de)(de)(de)木(mu)(mu)門(men)廊上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)高(gao)懸(xuan)金(jin)字(zi)匾(bian)額,祠(ci)堂內(nei)(nei)外(wai)的(de)(de)(de)木(mu)(mu)立(li)柱、頂(ding)棚、雀替、挑檐和(he)(he)斗(dou)拱上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)都巧妙地裝(zhuang)飾(shi)有多種手(shou)法雕(diao)(diao)(diao)刻的(de)(de)(de)圖(tu)案(an),在木(mu)(mu)構(gou)件(jian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)有多處層(ceng)層(ceng)累疊(die)伸挑。使人贊嘆(tan)不絕(jue)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)門(men)廊頂(ding)部(bu)天花板上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)鑲嵌著一幅由近百幅龍鳳、瑞獸和(he)(he)花卉圖(tu)案(an)的(de)(de)(de)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)板,均以深浮雕(diao)(diao)(diao)、鏤雕(diao)(diao)(diao)等精湛工(gong)藝(yi)手(shou)法雕(diao)(diao)(diao)就,形(xing)態栩栩如(ru)生,構(gou)圖(tu)嚴謹,寓意深邃,未見(jian)雷(lei)同。祠(ci)堂內(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)柱梁斗(dou)拱之(zhi)(zhi)間保(bao)(bao)存有不少(shao)繪畫,上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)廳(ting)天花板上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)又鑲嵌著兩(liang)(liang)對(dui)倒立(li)的(de)(de)(de)木(mu)(mu)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)描(miao)金(jin)獅(shi)子,宛(wan)若在活蹦亂(luan)跳。其它(ta)宗祠(ci)在裝(zhuang)飾(shi)藝(yi)術(shu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)既獨具風格,又有相(xiang)似之(zhi)(zhi)處,有很多上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)下廳(ting)屏風、花格、門(men)楣和(he)(he)柱礎的(de)(de)(de)設計及雕(diao)(diao)(diao)刻都很有藝(yi)術(shu)性(xing)。另外(wai),至(zhi)今保(bao)(bao)存尚好的(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)(liang)座明(ming)清牌坊(fang)(fang)也同樣(yang)顯示出其制(zhi)作上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)獨具匠心。木(mu)(mu)牌坊(fang)(fang)始建(jian)于(yu)明(ming)天順3年(nian)(1459),是(shi)奉旨為旌表賑糧濟民的(de)(de)(de)羅孟穩而建(jian)的(de)(de)(de),匾(bian)額曰(yue)“善行(xing)(xing)流芳”,它(ta)倚古巷道而立(li),坊(fang)(fang)高(gao)6米(mi),坊(fang)(fang)頂(ding)由數百個棱形(xing)木(mu)(mu)格交(jiao)織重(zhong)疊(die)而成蜂窩(wo)狀,結構(gou)復(fu)雜;上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)面蓋瓦,還(huan)可供行(xing)(xing)人避雨遮陰。此類木(mu)(mu)牌坊(fang)(fang)在省內(nei)(nei)罕見(jian)。另一座石牌坊(fang)(fang)系清乾隆(long)13年(nian)(1748)所建(jian),用17塊大(da)(da)型青條石和(he)(he)石板構(gou)成三(san)門(men)洞(dong)武式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)石坊(fang)(fang),第二(er)層(ceng)匾(bian)曰(yue)“節孝”,署有奉旨籌建(jian)者兵部(bu)右侍郎兼都察院(yuan)右副都御使史德(de)沸等諸官名字(zi),坊(fang)(fang)石上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)保(bao)(bao)留著龍首龍尾和(he)(he)八仙(xian)過海(hai)等浮雕(diao)(diao)(diao)圖(tu)案(an)。
密溪村古建筑(zhu)群,雖不是皇家住宅,然而,在夕陽斜暉、乳燕紛飛的暮色中(zhong),不由使人產生一種憑吊歷史(shi)遺(yi)物的感傷和(he)感慨。這處斑駁的古老(lao)建筑(zhu)群,同樣浸透著歷史(shi)變(bian)遷和(he)世(shi)事興衰的滄桑,同樣是中(zhong)華民族傳統社會和(he)傳統文(wen)明的一份(fen)難得(de)的見證(zheng)和(he)瑞金市珍貴的歷史(shi)遺(yi)產。
密溪(xi)村(cun)(cun)隸屬(shu)于九(jiu)堡(bao)鎮(zhen),處于市(shi)區西(xi)北約30公(gong)里(li)處。位于九(jiu)堡(bao)鎮(zhen)東(dong)北方(fang)向(xiang)12公(gong)里(li)處。密溪(xi)村(cun)(cun)東(dong)西(xi)分別與大柏(bo)地鄉,岡面鄉接壤(rang),北面與寧(ning)都縣交界,南(nan)臨環溪(xi)水(shui)庫及(ji)本鎮(zhen)富田、富村(cun)(cun)兩個行(xing)政村(cun)(cun),總面積6平方(fang)公(gong)里(li),有耕地1560畝,山林29800畝,有村(cun)(cun)民小組21個,境內(nei)現有630戶(hu),3120人(ren)(ren)。羅姓(xing)3100人(ren)(ren)占總人(ren)(ren)數99。4%。全村(cun)(cun)僅有4戶(hu)外姓(xing)人(ren)(ren)家,其(qi)中王(wang)姓(xing)2戶(hu),鐘姓(xing)1戶(hu),譚姓(xing)1戶(hu),2007年人(ren)(ren)均收(shou)入3200元(yuan)。
密(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)羅屋原本為(wei)(wei)王(wang),宋二姓(xing)所居(ju),據(ju)密(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)羅氏(shi)六修(xiu)族譜(pu)記載(zai)。密(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)羅氏(shi)始(shi)祖“念四郎”本為(wei)(wei)興(xing)國白石人,其曾祖父“真三郎”是(shi)由寧都(dou)大布遷(qian)往興(xing)國定居(ju)的(de)。在(zai)宋高宗咸淳年間“念四郎父子”往來于瑞金、寧都(dou)經商,途經九堡密(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)。念四朗看到(dao)群(qun)山(shan)環繞,綠水環抱的(de)密(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)是(shi)塊居(ju)住的(de)風(feng)水室地,便舉家(jia)義無返顧地遷(qian)到(dao)了密(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)。“密(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)公見密(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)山(shan)水明秀,遂家(jia)于是(shi),積功累德,保世滋大,代起簪纓,為(wei)(wei)瑞邑(yi)之望族。”在(zai)羅氏(shi)始(shi)祖遷(qian)至(zhi)密(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)之時,正是(shi)密(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)土(tu)著王(wang)、宋兩(liang)姓(xing)衷敗之際,到(dao)了元朝初(chu)年,二姓(xing)的(de)田產已(yi)全部賣(mai)給羅氏(shi),至(zhi)此,羅氏(shi)始(shi)在(zai)密(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)站(zhan)穩腳根(gen),繁衍生(sheng)息(xi),《密(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)羅氏(shi)六修(xiu)族譜(pu)》對此有較為(wei)(wei)詳細(xi)的(de)記載(zai):
“密溪(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)地當吾(wu)祖(zu)遷時,原有(you)王宋(song)(song)兩(liang)姓居(ju)此,王處東(dong)(dong)境(jing),西(xi)向(xiang)今金(jin)盆形(xing)麓下田(tian)(tian)是也,宋(song)(song)居(ju)東(dong)(dong)北境(jing),南向(xiang)今宋(song)(song)屋田(tian)(tian)是也,二(er)姓皆土著,在隋唐五代間頗稱殷(yin)富,本(ben)境(jing)數千(qian)畝之(zhi)(zhi)田(tian)(tian),及前(qian)后左右十(shi)余里之(zhi)(zhi)山,皆兩(liang)姓之(zhi)(zhi)業(ye),以本(ben)境(jing)中小溪(xi)為(wei)界,王業(ye)居(ju)溪(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)東(dong)(dong),宋(song)(song)業(ye)居(ju)溪(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)西(xi),及宋(song)(song)南渡后,兩(liang)姓漸衰落,吾(wu)祖(zu)寓至此,因宋(song)(song)宅前(qian)案百(bai)步田(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)中有(you)兩(liang)阜(fu),一直(zhi)一橫(heng),皆荊棘(ji)所叢(cong),蛇虺所穴,吾(wu)祖(zu)于直(zhi)構室,橫(heng)安墳(fen),兩(liang)戶皆中高四下,形(xing)家(jia)(jia)表為(wei)風吹(chui)羅帶形(xing)。二(er)姓日微,吾(wu)祖(zu)施德行仁(ren),勤儉積(ji)累(lei),家(jia)(jia)益以興,本(ben)境(jing)田(tian)(tian)畝前(qian)后陸續(xu)歸鬻。
吾(wu)祖至元初,吾(wu)祖已成戶入籍,十里長屬羅,兩姓田(tian)既(ji)賣(mai)盡,復將前后十余里之荒山,王(wang)姓一契(qi)賣(mai)東邊(bian),宋(song)姓一契(qi)賣(mai)西(xi)邊(bian)……”
羅(luo)氏在密溪(xi)(xi)落腳之后(hou),其(qi)家族的(de)(de)發(fa)展經歷了一個(ge)頗為漫長而曲折的(de)(de)過程,從族譜所(suo)(suo)載人口數字的(de)(de)消(xiao)長,以及《密溪(xi)(xi)羅(luo)氏六修族譜·興替記》來看,羅(luo)氏宗(zong)族幾起幾落,數度為兵匪所(suo)(suo)劫(jie),羅(luo)氏多(duo)年的(de)(de)積累是:“家財馨洗,人物(wu)調(diao)謝”不難(nan)想(xiang)象,羅(luo)氏宗(zong)族背后(hou)所(suo)(suo)隱含(han)的(de)(de)辛酸(suan)開拓史,真可謂篳路藍縷。
念(nian)四郎(lang)攜兩兒子(zi)定(ding)居密(mi)(mi)溪(xi),兩兒子(zi)為(wei)明亮、明善(shan)。明善(shan)傳(chuan)至(zhi)第五代即無(wu)后(hou)人(ren)(ren)(ren),明亮生(sheng)(sheng)有(you)(you)(you)兩個兒子(zi),應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)宗(zong)(zong)、應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)文(wen)(wen)。自應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)宗(zong)(zong),應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)文(wen)(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou),密(mi)(mi)溪(xi)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)分為(wei)東(dong)(dong)西(xi)兩房(fang),應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)宗(zong)(zong)為(wei)西(xi)房(fang),應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)文(wen)(wen)為(wei)東(dong)(dong)房(fang)。雍正(zheng)三(san)年(nian)(1725),東(dong)(dong)房(fang)的(de)(de)后(hou)代子(zi)孫(sun)在(zai)(zai)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)大宗(zong)(zong)祠(ci)左側(ce)建有(you)(you)(you)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)文(wen)(wen)公(gong)祠(ci),作(zuo)為(wei)東(dong)(dong)房(fang)鼻(bi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祠(ci)。雍正(zheng)八(ba)年(nian)(1730), 西(xi)房(fang)的(de)(de)后(hou)代子(zi)孫(sun)在(zai)(zai)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)大宗(zong)(zong)祠(ci)右(you)側(ce)建立應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)宗(zong)(zong)公(gong)祠(ci),作(zuo)為(wei)密(mi)(mi)溪(xi)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)西(xi)房(fang)鼻(bi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祠(ci)。隨著(zhu)時間(jian)的(de)(de)推移密(mi)(mi)溪(xi)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)不(bu)斷(duan)增加,到(dao)光緒三(san)十四年(nian)六修(xiu)(xiu)族(zu)(zu)譜時,密(mi)(mi)溪(xi)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)男女老(lao)少人(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)已(yi)達六、七(qi)千(qian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)“……以(yi)密(mi)(mi)溪(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大,距(ju)五修(xiu)(xiu)(族(zu)(zu)譜)也又六十余年(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)久。人(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)且六七(qi)千(qian)計……。在(zai)(zai)此其(qi)間(jian),不(bu)斷(duan)有(you)(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)(ren)從(cong)密(mi)(mi)溪(xi)遷(qian)(qian)(qian)徙到(dao)別處,如遷(qian)(qian)(qian)到(dao)九(jiu)堡鎮(zhen)官(guan)倉、瑞金(jin)瑞林鎮(zhen),更有(you)(you)(you)遠遷(qian)(qian)(qian)至(zhi)江(jiang)西(xi)宜(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)春(chun)(chun)(chun)市的(de)(de)。從(cong)密(mi)(mi)溪(xi)遷(qian)(qian)(qian)出的(de)(de)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),一(yi)(yi)開始還和九(jiu)堡密(mi)(mi)溪(xi)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)聯系(xi)較(jiao)為(wei)緊密(mi)(mi),慢慢地(di)(di)聯系(xi)越來越少,有(you)(you)(you)許多則幾(ji)乎中止了(le)聯系(xi)。以(yi)從(cong)密(mi)(mi)溪(xi)遷(qian)(qian)(qian)往(wang)宜(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)春(chun)(chun)(chun)地(di)(di)市的(de)(de)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)支為(wei)例,這支羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)于前(qian)清(qing)乾隆(long)年(nian)間(jian)遷(qian)(qian)(qian)往(wang)宜(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)春(chun)(chun)(chun),在(zai)(zai)《密(mi)(mi)溪(xi)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六修(xiu)(xiu)族(zu)(zu)譜》中還繪有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)幅“袁州府(fu)宜(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)春(chun)(chun)(chun)縣郝家西(xi)村之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)茂遷(qian)(qian)(qian)居屋宇圖”,1995年(nian),當密(mi)(mi)溪(xi)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)宗(zong)(zong)族(zu)(zu)準備第七(qi)次修(xiu)(xiu)譜時,其(qi)編委成員羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)振波試(shi)探性地(di)(di)給江(jiang)西(xi)宜(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)春(chun)(chun)(chun)市宣(xuan)傳(chuan)部寫了(le)一(yi)(yi)封信(xin),請求查明瑞金(jin)密(mi)(mi)溪(xi)遷(qian)(qian)(qian)往(wang)宜(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)春(chun)(chun)(chun)的(de)(de)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)家族(zu)(zu)情況,不(bu)久,宜(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)春(chun)(chun)(chun)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)派人(ren)(ren)(ren)來瑞金(jin)密(mi)(mi)溪(xi)訪親,查閱光緒三(san)十四年(nian)《密(mi)(mi)溪(xi)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六修(xiu)(xiu)族(zu)(zu)譜》宜(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)春(chun)(chun)(chun)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)尚(shang)有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)位老(lao)者(zhe)在(zai)(zai)六修(xiu)(xiu)族(zu)(zu)譜中有(you)(you)(you)名(ming)字記載。在(zai)(zai)此之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前(qian),宜(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)春(chun)(chun)(chun)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也曾派人(ren)(ren)(ren)多次到(dao)贛南(nan)(nan)尋找(zhao)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)地(di)(di)但都無(wu)果(guo)而終(zhong),他們只聽祖(zu)(zu)(zu)輩們說來自贛南(nan)(nan),但具體(ti)在(zai)(zai)贛南(nan)(nan)什(shen)么地(di)(di)方就不(bu)得而知(zhi)了(le)。對于宜(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)春(chun)(chun)(chun)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),《密(mi)(mi)溪(xi)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)七(qi)修(xiu)(xiu)族(zu)(zu)譜》還有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)段這樣的(de)(de)記載:“江(jiang)西(xi)宜(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)春(chun)(chun)(chun),城東(dong)(dong)家人(ren)(ren)(ren),四面工(gong)廠(chang),電網高掛,公(gong)路(lu)鐵路(lu),日(ri)夜通車(che),山清(qing)水秀(xiu),地(di)(di)理可佳(jia),我(wo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)茂公(gong),本(ben)在(zai)(zai)瑞金(jin),乾隆(long)中葉,遷(qian)(qian)(qian)來宜(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)春(chun)(chun)(chun),定(ding)居于此,二百(bai)余年(nian),生(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)繁(fan)衍,子(zi)孫(sun)興盛,六十余戶,三(san)百(bai)多人(ren)(ren)(ren),種田經商(shang),又工(gong)又農,艱苦創業(ye),大揚祖(zu)(zu)(zu)業(ye),奔小康路(lu),萬世無(wu)窮。”
從族(zu)譜記載的(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)口(kou)(kou)來看,在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)許多代(dai)中,羅(luo)氏男丁(ding)均有(you)(you)五,六(liu)人(ren),甚至上十(shi)人(ren),但是真正傳有(you)(you)后人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)并(bing)不多,以(yi)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)房(fang)為(wei)例,應文生(sheng)有(you)(you)四子,世英(ying)、富英(ying)、德英(ying)、本(ben)英(ying),只有(you)(you)德英(ying)、本(ben)英(ying)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)密溪有(you)(you)后,其它均無(wu)后人(ren),或遷居別(bie)處(chu),德英(ying)生(sheng)有(you)(you)三子,孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)和、孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)穩、孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)程。孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)穩無(wu)后,或遷居別(bie)處(chu)。孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)和、孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)程在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)密溪有(you)(you)后。本(ben)英(ying)生(sheng)有(you)(you)六(liu)子,孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)恭(gong)(gong)、孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)寬、孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)信、孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)敏、孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)惠(hui)、孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)欽(qin)(qin),孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)恭(gong)(gong)、孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)寬無(wu)后,或遷居別(bie)處(chu),孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)信、孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)敏、孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)惠(hui)、孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)欽(qin)(qin)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)密溪有(you)(you)后。對于這(zhe)一(yi)時(shi)期家(jia)庭的(de)(de)(de)(de)形態,基本(ben)上屬于由多個核(he)心家(jia)庭組成的(de)(de)(de)(de)擴大家(jia)庭。這(zhe)種家(jia)庭的(de)(de)(de)(de)形式有(you)(you)利于處(chu)于初級階段的(de)(de)(de)(de)家(jia)族(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)成長,家(jia)庭之間(jian)可(ke)以(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)非常時(shi)期相互利用人(ren)力(li)資源,而(er)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)村落資源不敷供給時(shi),又有(you)(you)一(yi)些家(jia)庭被迫遷往外地定居。 密溪羅(luo)氏在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)分東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)房(fang)、西房(fang)后沒有(you)(you)再開大的(de)(de)(de)(de)支房(fang),但是在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)人(ren)口(kou)(kou)和經(jing)濟實力(li)發展,到較好的(de)(de)(de)(de)清朝(chao)中葉時(shi)期,東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)房(fang)、西房(fang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)各自(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)支房(fang)內(nei)部又興建了幾個祠(ci)(ci)(ci)堂以(yi)祭祀他們的(de)(de)(de)(de)祖(zu)先。如康熙五十(shi)六(liu)年(nian)(1718),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)離羅(luo)氏大宗(zong)祠(ci)(ci)(ci)不遠的(de)(de)(de)(de)地方(fang),東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)房(fang)九(jiu)世后裔(yi)興建了東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)塘(tang)公(gong)(gong)祠(ci)(ci)(ci)以(yi)紀念(nian)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)塘(tang)公(gong)(gong)。以(yi)此作(zuo)為(wei)九(jiu)世東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)房(fang)分支祖(zu)祠(ci)(ci)(ci)。雍(yong)正十(shi)二年(nian)(1734),西房(fang)九(jiu)世石(shi)泉(quan)公(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)后裔(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)羅(luo)氏大宗(zong)祠(ci)(ci)(ci)的(de)(de)(de)(de)左側興建了石(shi)泉(quan)公(gong)(gong)祠(ci)(ci)(ci),作(zuo)為(wei)第九(jiu)代(dai)西房(fang)分支之祖(zu)祠(ci)(ci)(ci)。乾隆四十(shi)七年(nian)(1782)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)房(fang)八世之淳(chun)夫公(gong)(gong)后裔(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)應文公(gong)(gong)祠(ci)(ci)(ci)左側建立了淳(chun)夫公(gong)(gong)祠(ci)(ci)(ci),作(zuo)為(wei)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)房(fang)八世支房(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個祖(zu)祠(ci)(ci)(ci)。有(you)(you)明一(yi)代(dai),密溪羅(luo)氏所出人(ren)才(cai)不多,在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)瑞金(jin)縣志記載的(de)(de)(de)(de)僅有(you)(you)羅(luo)汝潔(jie),其在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)明成化年(nian)間(jian)曾(ceng)任(ren)廣東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)莞知縣。
密(mi)溪羅(luo)氏發(fa)展到明末清初時,歷經(jing)數(shu)度劫(jie)(jie)難(nan),后又數(shu)度興(xing)起,第一(yi)次大的劫(jie)(jie)難(nan)在明嘉靖(jing)未(wei)(wei)年(nian),“比嘉靖(jing)未(wei)(wei)年(nian),葉(xie)寇播氛。剽掠(lve)四(si)出,家(jia)財罄洗(xi),人物凋謝。僅(jin)余屋(wu)基山崗。其門莊田產典賣殆盡(jin)(jin),一(yi)姓錢(qian)糧正存(cun)數(shu)石(shi)。幸十(shi)世、十(shi)一(yi)世兩代(dai)祖先,奮志懨拓。崇節儉,勤稼穡,業諄書(shu),修祀典,日漸光(guang)大。景(jing)昔田產,既盡(jin)(jin)贖回,糧石(shi)益(yi)增。”
密溪羅氏遭受第一次(ci)劫(jie)難以后,經十世的一派,十一世的文派的勤奮(fen),節儉,家族再次(ci)興旺起來。
明(ming)清鼎(ding)(ding)革之(zhi)際,中華大(da)(da)地處于一(yi)片混亂(luan)之(zhi)中,密溪所處的(de)贛南地區也(ye)不(bu)例外。在這種大(da)(da)的(de)動蕩的(de)背景下,密溪村(cun)再次遭遇劫難(nan)。“未(wei)幾,明(ming)季鼎(ding)(ding)革,土寇(kou)猖厥(jue),焚(fen)屋劫村(cun),廬舍(she)邱墟,田園荒蕪。千余(yu)丁之(zhi)男女,竄伏流(liu)離,數百年之(zhi)文契(qi)一(yi)日失守。抑又衰矣!”
據(ju)村(cun)中(zhong)老者羅振波介(jie)紹:在大(da)(da)清順治十(shi)年(1653),瑞金(jin)大(da)(da)柏(bo)地(di)鄉梟首(shou)陳其(qi)綸及(ji)其(qi)匪(fei)眾被政府官(guan)兵所(suo)追擊,竄入(ru)密(mi)溪村(cun),該村(cun)的一(yi)個(ge)村(cun)民好心地(di)把他(ta)們帶到(dao)一(yi)個(ge)極為(wei)隱蔽的村(cun)邊(bian)的巖洞中(zhong)躲藏(zang),官(guan)兵到(dao)村(cun)內尋而未(wei)果,不久(jiu)撤離。不久(jiu),那(nei)些曾經獲得過村(cun)民的流(liu)寇糾合其(qi)同(tong)黨,圍攻(gong)密(mi)溪村(cun),村(cun)民紛紛躲進巖洞內,但是流(liu)寇此時已(yi)經知道(dao)通往巖洞的秘(mi)密(mi)通道(dao)。后來巖洞防(fang)線被攻(gong)破(po),村(cun)民死(si)傷一(yi)百多人,抓走人質數百人。直(zhi)到(dao)今天,到(dao)那(nei)個(ge)叫棺材(cai)巖下(xia)還能發(fa)現許多殘留的遺骸。關于這(zhe)次明末清初的民變在《瑞金(jin)縣志》上(shang)亦有記載:“1650年僧超忠據(ju)銅(tong)缽山,陳其(qi)綸據(ju)大(da)(da)柏(bo)地(di),許勝可聯合福建鄉民劉芳、羅承俊據(ju)羅漢巖,掀起反清斗(dou)爭浪潮。歷時五年,始被清廷鎮(zhen)壓下(xia)去。”“崇禎十(shi)五年,廣賊閻(yan)王(wang)總(zong),剮刀(dao)總(zong)、番天總(zong),豬婆總(zong)凡十(shi)余(yu)種(zhong),流(liu)動(dong)各縣村(cun)落,瑞金(jin)各村(cun)落被其(qi)沿(yan)劫。明年,攻(gong)破(po)安遠(yuan)及(ji)石城諸寨(zhai)”
筆者認為,考(kao)察家族(zu)(zu)的生存與(yu)發展,應考(kao)慮家族(zu)(zu)所處(chu)(chu)的歷史時(shi)代(dai)背(bei)景。贛南(nan)地處(chu)(chu)福建(jian)、江西、湖南(nan)、廣(guang)(guang)東(dong)四省的交界(jie)處(chu)(chu),境內山巒疊嶂,自古為匪盜常出沒(mei)的地方(fang)。從“明洪武十(shi)八(ba)年(1385),廣(guang)(guang)寇周三官(guan)作亂,瑞金人民逃竄,田地荒蕪”至“(崇禎)十(shi)五(wu)年,廣(guang)(guang)賊閻王總(zong),剮刀總(zong),番(fan)無總(zong),豬婆總(zong)凡十(shi)余種(zhong),流劫各縣村落,瑞金各村落被其(qi)沿劫。”止(zhi)瑞金共發生了18起(qi)大(da)的戰亂,其(qi)中明嘉靖年間就發生八(ba)次大(da)的戰亂。
此(ci)后,經密(mi)溪羅(luo)氏十(shi)二世、十(shi)三(san)世萬派(pai)(pai)、肇派(pai)(pai)的(de)勵精圖(tu)治,經過(guo)幾十(shi)年(nian)的(de)苦心經營,羅(luo)氏宗族才(cai)再度興旺起來(lai)“賴十(shi)二世、十(shi)三(san)世萬派(pai)(pai)、肇派(pai)(pai),恢宏(hong)先(xian)業,務農濟物,合族之(zhi)棟宇重新,各房之(zhi)蒸嘗編立。更筑文運外閣,復新東平廟宇,錢糧戶口視昔加倍。”
雍正年(nian)間,清(qing)政府采取“地丁(ding)合一(yi)”、“攤(tan)丁(ding)入(ru)畝”的(de)(de)辦(ban)法,賦役的(de)(de)重點由(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)身轉移到(dao)(dao)土地,這樣(yang),封建(jian)(jian)王朝(chao)一(yi)直以來對人(ren)(ren)身的(de)(de)限(xian)制得到(dao)(dao)了極大(da)的(de)(de)解(jie)脫(tuo),人(ren)(ren)口(kou)的(de)(de)發(fa)展便日趨膨(peng)脹。從(cong)清(qing)朝(chao)初年(nian)“國朝(chao),原額人(ren)(ren)丁(ding)戶口(kou)二(er)(er)(er)(er)千一(yi)百(bai)(bai)一(yi)丁(ding)口(kou),內優免人(ren)(ren)了五百(bai)(bai)二(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)三(san)丁(ding)五分。”到(dao)(dao)“嘉(jia)慶(qing)二(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)五年(nian),年(nian)終冊報,實在煙(yan)戶二(er)(er)(er)(er)萬七千七百(bai)(bai)六(liu)十(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er),男大(da)丁(ding),小丁(ding),女大(da)口(kou),小口(kou),共三(san)十(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)萬一(yi)百(bai)(bai)四十(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)。”在不(bu)到(dao)(dao)二(er)(er)(er)(er)百(bai)(bai)年(nian)時間里(li),瑞金人(ren)(ren)口(kou)從(cong)幾千人(ren)(ren)發(fa)展到(dao)(dao)32萬人(ren)(ren)。人(ren)(ren)口(kou)的(de)(de)增長如(ru)此之快,這其(qi)中(zhong)可能存在老百(bai)(bai)姓對人(ren)(ren)口(kou)數字的(de)(de)隱瞞的(de)(de)原因(yin),和一(yi)部分是明末清(qing)初由(you)(you)福建(jian)(jian)廣(guang)東倒遷入(ru)贛(gan)的(de)(de)客家人(ren)(ren)原因(yin),但是從(cong)一(yi)個(ge)側面反(fan)映在清(qing)初至嘉(jia)慶(qing)二(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)五年(nian)這段(duan)時間里(li),人(ren)(ren)民生(sheng)活安穩、平和,經濟狀(zhuang)況也(ye)應有所好轉。
在這種大的(de)全國繁(fan)榮的(de)背景之下,密溪羅(luo)氏宗(zong)(zong)族(zu)迎來了他(ta)們的(de)宗(zong)(zong)族(zu)發展的(de)頂峰狀態(tai)。在清初“更(geng)筑文(wen)(wen)運外閣(ge),復新東平廟宇。”從康(kang)熙三十七年(nian)(1696)至乾隆四(si)(si)十七年(nian),短短的(de)86年(nian)間,羅(luo)氏宗(zong)(zong)族(zu)修建了“密溪羅(luo)氏大宗(zong)(zong)祠(ci)(ci)”、“應(ying)宗(zong)(zong)公(gong)(gong)祠(ci)(ci)、應(ying)文(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)祠(ci)(ci)、石泉公(gong)(gong)祠(ci)(ci)、淳夫(fu)公(gong)(gong)祠(ci)(ci)、東塘公(gong)(gong)祠(ci)(ci),共六座祠(ci)(ci)堂。以及村子周(zhou)圍(wei)的(de)四(si)(si)座風水塔”坤峰(1738),“辛峰”(1738)“巽峰”(1777),“丁峰”。
至清(qing)中(zhong)葉,密(mi)(mi)溪(xi)羅氏(shi)的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)口已經發展到(dao)數(shu)千人(ren),分為“東(dong)房(fang)”,“西房(fang)”兩大房(fang),并且為他們的(de)(de)(de)“開基祖”密(mi)(mi)峰公(gong)以及東(dong),西兩房(fang)興(xing)建了祠堂,家族有(you)了祭(ji)祀(si)和儀式的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)心。至此,密(mi)(mi)溪(xi)羅氏(shi)的(de)(de)(de)宗族形(xing)態正式確立,清(qing)朝中(zhong)葉所形(xing)成的(de)(de)(de)聚落格局與支房(fang)及亞房(fang)之間的(de)(de)(de)力(li)量對比,基本(ben)上延續到(dao)現代,沒有(you)太大的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化。
《羅姓考略》
自夏(xia)禹錫土賜姓,凡(fan)姓皆有所昉,吾(wu)羅(luo)本黃帝顓(zhuan)帝子(zi),曰(yue)黎,祝融之(zhi)(zhi)后(hou),融生(sheng)(sheng)陸終,終子(zi)六(liu)其(qi)四(si)曰(yue)會一封(feng)于(yu)鄶姓,周初,封(feng)于(yu)羅(luo),屬襄陽宜城,周桓王二十(shi)一年(nian),伐于(yu)楚,避難徒(tu)荊州枝江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang),莊王八(ba)年(nian),又去(qu)枝江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)徒(tu)長(chang)沙之(zhi)(zhi)湘(xiang)陰,東(dong)北六(liu)十(shi)里有羅(luo)城,卒并于(yu)楚避,凡(fan)散(san)處(chu)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)漢(han)(han)間(jian)者,遂以(yi)(yi)羅(luo)為(wei)姓也(ye),江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)西(xi)豫章之(zhi)(zhi)望,由(you)(you)漢(han)(han)高(gao)治粟內史(shi)既(ji)改大司農珠(zhu)(zhu),公從(cong)灌嬰(ying)侯(hou)定其(qi)地,功(gong)德茂(mao)于(yu)民,而(er)著父曰(yue)君用,秦武陵(ling)(ling)令督運(yun)官鐵溺(ni)洞庭(ting),邦人祠(ci)祀(si)之(zhi)(zhi),故居長(chang)沙城東(dong),祖(zu)曰(yue)嗣彝,曾(ceng)祖(zu)曰(yue)宗(zong)光,高(gao)祖(zu)曰(yue)茂(mao)峻,峻以(yi)(yi)前之(zhi)(zhi)世次,邈君子(zi)略(lve)焉,企(qi)生(sheng)(sheng)宗(zong)伯,珠(zhu)(zhu)公十(shi)六(liu)世孫(sun)也(ye),初封(feng)晉(jin)著作郎,后(hou)當殷(yin)(yin)仲(zhong)堪鎮江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)陵(ling)(ling)為(wei)其(qi)功(gong)曹(cao),累遷武陵(ling)(ling)太(tai)守,未之(zhi)(zhi)郡適桓元(yuan)攻江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)陵(ling)(ling),伸堪任之(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)諮(zi)議參軍,已而(er)謂弟遵生(sheng)(sheng)曰(yue):“殷(yin)(yin)侯(hou)仁而(er)無(wu)斷,事必無(wu)成,吾(wu)當生(sheng)(sheng)死(si)以(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)。”迨(dai)仲(zhong)堪走(zou),時惟企(qi)生(sheng)(sheng)從(cong)經家門(men),泣以(yi)(yi)奉養(yang)老母,囑遵生(sheng)(sheng)遂履桓元(yuan)之(zhi)(zhi)害(hai),君子(zi)悲其(qi)昧于(yu)擇人,而(er)高(gao)其(qi)臨難無(wu)茍免,推為(wei)一門(men)忠孝,其(qi)卓(zhuo)卓(zhuo)已,珠(zhu)(zhu)公流傳(chuan)至(zhi)(zhi)唐未,有字儀真者,舉進士(shi)于(yu)宋太(tai)祖(zu),建隆元(yuan)年(nian),徙(xi)古永豐水東(dong)藤(teng)田醴泉院,數傳(chuan)至(zhi)(zhi)權(quan),徙(xi)寧都大布,又數傳(chuan)至(zhi)(zhi)十(shi)一郎,徙(xi)興國(guo)白(bai)石,其(qi)曾(ceng)孫(sun)念四(si)郎,則由(you)(you)南宋末徙(xi)瑞金密溪家焉,詳譜首源流圖考大傳(chuan)曰(yue):“別子(zi)為(wei)祖(zu),繼(ji)別為(wei)宗(zong)。”吾(wu)密溪之(zhi)(zhi)譜以(yi)(yi)念四(si)郎為(wei)始祖(zu),禮(li)也(ye)。