芒果视频

基本介紹

長(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)第一墩，又稱(cheng)討(tao)賴河墩，是嘉(jia)峪關西(xi)長(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)最(zui)南端的(de)一座墩臺(tai)，也是明代萬里(li)長(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)最(zui)西(xi)端的(de)一座墩臺(tai)。長(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)第一墩于明嘉(jia)靖(jing)十八(ba)年（公元1539）年由肅州兵備道李涵監筑(zhu)，北距關城(cheng)(cheng)7.5公里(li)，墩臺(tai)矗(chu)立于討(tao)賴河邊近56米高的(de)懸崖之上(shang)。

景點景觀

麓，因山而名。明洪武五年(nian)（1372）修筑萬里長(chang)城(cheng)時(shi)置。當時(shi)明征(zheng)虜大將(jiang)軍馮勝(sheng)看中嘉峪山西(xi)北麓的(de)險要地勢，選為(wei)河西(xi)第(di)一(yi)(yi)隘口(kou)，開始筑城(cheng)設(she)關(guan)，以后經歷(li)一(yi)(yi)百多年(nian)時(shi)間擴建，才形成一(yi)(yi)個比較完整的(de)防御(yu)體(ti)系。明弘治年(nian)間，為(wei)防吐魯番(fan)東侵，曾進(jin)行重修。這關(guan)雄偉(wei)壯觀，號稱“天下(xia)第(di)一(yi)(yi)雄關(guan)”。

萬里(li)長城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)沿線分布(bu)著許多(duo)關隘，其中(zhong)規模較大(da)的(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)兩座：一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)座是(shi)(shi)東(dong)(dong)端(duan)的(de)山(shan)海關，另(ling)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)座就是(shi)(shi)西(xi)端(duan)的(de)嘉(jia)峪(yu)關，而(er)后者經前者猶(you)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)過之(zhi)，所以嘉(jia)峪(yu)關是(shi)(shi)長城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)上的(de)較大(da)關隘，也是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)規模大(da)的(de)關隘。但嘉(jia)峪(yu)關初(chu)建時不(bu)過是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)座6米(mi)高的(de)土城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，占地(di)2500平方米(mi)。而(er)現(xian)存的(de)關城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總面(mian)積33.500余平方米(mi)，比(bi)原(yuan)來的(de)大(da)數倍。它由外(wai)(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、內(nei)(nei)(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和甕(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)組合而(er)成(cheng)(cheng)，關城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)周(zhou)長733米(mi)，就中(zhong)內(nei)(nei)(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)周(zhou)長640米(mi)，面(mian)積為原(yuan)先的(de)大(da)小。內(nei)(nei)(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)寬東(dong)(dong)窄，略呈梯形，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)高9米(mi)，東(dong)(dong)西(xi)開“光化門(men)(men)(men)(men)”和“柔遠門(men)(men)(men)(men)”兩門(men)(men)(men)(men)。門(men)(men)(men)(men)外(wai)(wai)各筑(zhu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)甕(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)樓(lou)(lou)對稱，三(san)層(ceng)三(san)檐五間(jian)式(shi)，周(zhou)圍(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)廊，單檐歇(xie)山(shan)頂(ding)，高17米(mi)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)四隅有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)角樓(lou)(lou)、南、北(bei)(bei)墻中(zhong)段有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)敵樓(lou)(lou)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)層(ceng)三(san)間(jian)式(shi)帶前廊。兩門(men)(men)(men)(men)內(nei)(nei)(nei)北(bei)(bei)側有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)馬道達城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)頂(ding)。關城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)正中(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)官井，舊有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)亭，今(jin)已廢。西(xi)門(men)(men)(men)(men)外(wai)(wai)套筑(zhu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)道凸形城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻，構成(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)羅城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，這就是(shi)(shi)外(wai)(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。外(wai)(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)比(bi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)高2.7米(mi)。外(wai)(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)正中(zhong)大(da)門(men)(men)(men)(men)額(e)刻(ke)“嘉(jia)峪(yu)關”三(san)個(ge)大(da)字。門(men)(men)(men)(men)頂(ding)原(yuan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)樓(lou)(lou)，與東(dong)(dong)西(xi)二樓(lou)(lou)形制相同，三(san)樓(lou)(lou)東(dong)(dong)西(xi)成(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)線。1924年城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)樓(lou)(lou)被毀。西(xi)面(mian)羅城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)磚砌(qi)，東(dong)(dong)、南、北(bei)(bei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)土筑(zhu)圍(wei)墻，連接長城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)外(wai)(wai)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，迭(die)門(men)(men)(men)(men)重城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，成(cheng)(cheng)并守之(zhi)勢。東(dong)(dong)甕(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)外(wai)(wai)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)文(wen)昌(chang)閣(ge)、關帝廟、戲樓(lou)(lou)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)(nei)(nei)靠北(bei)(bei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)游擊衙門(men)(men)(men)(men)府一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)座，都是(shi)(shi)清代(dai)建筑(zhu)。新(xin)中(zhong)國(guo)成(cheng)(cheng)立后，關城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)曾多(duo)次維(wei)修加固，至今(jin)保存完好。

地理環境

長城(cheng)第(di)一墩嘉(jia)(jia)峪(yu)關(guan)(guan)位于甘(gan)肅省河西(xi)走廊的(de)西(xi)端(duan)，東經98°17′、北緯39°47′，甘(gan)肅嘉(jia)(jia)峪(yu)關(guan)(guan)市(shi)向(xiang)西(xi)5公(gong)里(li)(li)處，是明(ming)長城(cheng)西(xi)端(duan)的(de)第(di)一重關(guan)(guan)，也是古代“絲綢之路”的(de)交(jiao)通要沖。嘉(jia)(jia)峪(yu)關(guan)(guan)市(shi)區西(xi)南6公(gong)里(li)(li)處，位于嘉(jia)(jia)峪(yu)關(guan)(guan)最狹(xia)窄(zhai)的(de)山(shan)谷中部(bu),地(di)勢最高的(de)嘉(jia)(jia)峪(yu)山(shan)上，城(cheng)關(guan)(guan)兩(liang)翼(yi)的(de)城(cheng)墻橫穿沙(sha)漠戈壁(bi)，向(xiang)北8公(gong)里(li)(li)連黑山(shan)懸(xuan)壁(bi)長城(cheng)，向(xiang)南7公(gong)里(li)(li)，是明(ming)代萬里(li)(li)長城(cheng)西(xi)端(duan)主宰，自古為河西(xi)第(di)一隘(ai)口(kou)。嘉(jia)(jia)峪(yu)關(guan)(guan)關(guan)(guan)城(cheng)，位于嘉(jia)(jia)峪(yu)關(guan)(guan)最狹(xia)窄(zhai)的(de)山(shan)谷中部(bu)，地(di)勢最高的(de)嘉(jia)(jia)峪(yu)山(shan)上，城(cheng)關(guan)(guan)兩(liang)翼(yi)的(de)城(cheng)墻橫穿沙(sha)漠戈壁(bi)。嘉(jia)(jia)峪(yu)關(guan)(guan)以地(di)勢險要，巍(wei)峨壯觀著稱于世。與(yu)萬里(li)(li)之外(wai)的(de)“天(tian)下第(di)一關(guan)(guan)”——山(shan)海關(guan)(guan)遙相呼應，聞(wen)名天(tian)下。

歷史沿革

明代，嘉峪(yu)關(guan)管轄著“腹(fu)里、沿邊、境外(wai)墩(dun)臺三十(shi)九座”。關(guan)內墩(dun)臺林(lin)立(li)，縱橫交織(zhi)，相互了望，互通情報。長城第一墩(dun)，是關(guan)南(nan)主要的一座墩(dun)臺，擔負(fu)著傳遞關(guan)南(nan)及祁連山(shan)諸口軍事信息的任務。設有(you)塢(wu)、驛(yi)馬、驛(yi)駝、食宿、積薪等物，配(pei)備(bei)有(you)一定(ding)數量的守兵。

長(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)第(di)(di)一(yi)墩景區自然景致壯觀，東(dong)臨酒(jiu)泉，西(xi)連荒漠(mo)，北(bei)依嘉(jia)峪(yu)，南望祁連，討(tao)賴(lai)(lai)河水滔滔東(dong)去。極目南眺，山(shan)(shan)(shan)峰(feng)終年(nian)(nian)(nian)潔白，襯映著(zhu)(zhu)藍色天空，更覺清新如畫。正所謂“余(yu)收遠岫和(he)云濕，風度(du)疏林帶舞(wu)飄(piao)”。景區面積(ji)約3.22平方(fang)公(gong)(gong)里。景區包括長(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)第(di)(di)一(yi)墩、綜合服務區、討(tao)賴(lai)(lai)河滑索、討(tao)賴(lai)(lai)客(ke)棧、天險吊橋(qiao)、“醉臥沙場(chang)”雕塑群、“中(zhong)華(hua)(hua)(hua)龍林”等內容。長(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)第(di)(di)一(yi)墩于(yu)明嘉(jia)靖十八年(nian)(nian)(nian)（公(gong)(gong)元1539）年(nian)(nian)(nian)由肅州兵備道李涵監(jian)筑，北(bei)距關(guan)(guan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)7.5公(gong)(gong)里，墩臺(tai)(tai)矗立于(yu)討(tao)賴(lai)(lai)河邊近56米(mi)高的(de)懸崖之上。對于(yu)它(ta)的(de)雄險，著(zhu)(zhu)名(ming)長(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)專家(jia)羅哲文先生曾經有過生動的(de)吟詠：“嘉(jia)峪(yu)關(guan)(guan)，雄險畫皆難，墩堡(bao)遙(yao)(yao)遙(yao)(yao)相(xiang)互(hu)望，長(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)道道連關(guan)(guan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)，猿臂(bei)也難攀”。在一(yi)萬多(duo)華(hua)(hua)(hua)里的(de)明代(dai)長(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)線上，墩臺(tai)(tai)無(wu)數(shu)，密如繁星，而嘉(jia)峪(yu)關(guan)(guan)長(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)第(di)(di)一(yi)墩與河北(bei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)海(hai)關(guan)(guan)渤海(hai)之濱的(de)“老龍頭”遙(yao)(yao)相(xiang)呼應，共同構(gou)筑起(qi)(qi)中(zhong)華(hua)(hua)(hua)長(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“龍”的(de)首尾，成就(jiu)了中(zhong)華(hua)(hua)(hua)民(min)族“龍”的(de)美名(ming)。如果說(shuo)長(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是中(zhong)華(hua)(hua)(hua)民(min)族的(de)豐碑，那么長(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)第(di)(di)一(yi)墩就(jiu)是這(zhe)座豐碑崛起(qi)(qi)的(de)地方(fang)。現在，這(zhe)座墩臺(tai)(tai)殘高約10米(mi)，其底(di)部(bu)呈不規則正方(fang)形，底(di)寬14米(mi)，內部(bu)仍呈正方(fang)形，長(chang)寬均為6米(mi)。用黃土(tu)夯筑而成，夯土(tu)層厚10～20厘米(mi)。“長(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)第(di)(di)一(yi)墩”碑文由已故的(de)西(xi)路軍將領(ling)魏傳統題寫，字跡(ji)飄(piao)逸灑脫，清秀雋永(yong)。

依托長城第一墩開發建設的(de)旅游(you)景(jing)(jing)區，自(zi)然景(jing)(jing)致壯觀，東(dong)邊是(shi)(shi)(shi)群樓林立的(de)嘉(jia)峪(yu)關(guan)市(shi)區，西(xi)邊是(shi)(shi)(shi)浩瀚無際的(de)大漠(mo)戈壁(bi)，北邊與雄偉壯觀的(de)嘉(jia)峪(yu)關(guan)相(xiang)連(lian)，南面為(wei)連(lian)綿起伏的(de)祁連(lian)雪山(shan)，腳下是(shi)(shi)(shi)發源于祁連(lian)山(shan)的(de)討賴河。長城第一墩旅游(you)景(jing)(jing)區，以長城文化和(he)絲綢之路(lu)文化為(wei)內涵，以戈壁(bi)風光(guang)和(he)西(xi)北民俗風情(qing)為(wei)基礎，是(shi)(shi)(shi)一處(chu)觀光(guang)、探險、休閑、娛(yu)樂、懷古(gu)游(you)歷和(he)拍攝影視場景(jing)(jing)的(de)好地方。