芒果视频

基本介紹

武夷山(shan)國家公(gong)園體(ti)制試(shi)點區位于福建省北部(bu)(bu)(bu)，周(zhou)邊(bian)分別與福建省武夷山(shan)市(shi)西(xi)北部(bu)(bu)(bu)、建陽市(shi)和邵武市(shi)北部(bu)(bu)(bu)、光澤縣(xian)(xian)東南(nan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)、江(jiang)西(xi)省鉛山(shan)縣(xian)(xian)南(nan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)毗鄰(lin)。經國土(tu)部(bu)(bu)(bu)門確權登記，試(shi)點區總面積942.02平方公(gong)里。

地理環境

地質地貌

武夷(yi)山國家公園主要分布了前震旦系和震旦系的變質巖系，中(zhong)生代的火山巖、花崗巖和碎屑巖。

在(zai)中生代晚期，武夷山發生了強烈的火(huo)山噴發活動(dong)，繼之(zhi)為(wei)大(da)規模的花崗巖侵入(ru)，已發現本區有(you)豐(feng)富的火(huo)山機構(gou)，為(wei)典型(xing)的亞洲東部環太平洋帶的構(gou)造特征。白堊紀晚期的紅色砂礫巖是形成(cheng)丹霞地貌的主體。

中(zhong)生代的(de)地(di)(di)殼運(yun)動奠定(ding)了武夷(yi)(yi)山(shan)地(di)(di)貌的(de)基本骨架。告(gao)性對(dui)武夷(yi)(yi)山(shan)地(di)(di)貌發育(yu)也(ye)很明顯，西部(bu)海拔1500m以(yi)上(shang)的(de)山(shan)峰，基本上(shang)由堅硬的(de)凝(ning)灰熔巖(yan)(yan)和流(liu)紋(wen)巖(yan)(yan)等(deng)(deng)構成(cheng)，東部(bu)紅色砂頁巖(yan)(yan)地(di)(di)區則往往發育(yu)有(you)較寬的(de)谷地(di)(di)和盆地(di)(di)。所以(yi)武夷(yi)(yi)山(shan)豐富的(de)地(di)(di)貌類型(xing)是地(di)(di)質構造、流(liu)水侵蝕、風化(hua)剝(bo)蝕、重力崩塌等(deng)(deng)綜(zong)合作用的(de)結果。

氣候情況

四季分明地處中亞(ya)熱帶，武(wu)夷(yi)山四季氣(qi)(qi)溫較(jiao)均(jun)(jun)勻、溫和濕潤，年(nian)平均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫約12℃～13℃，1月均(jun)(jun)溫3℃左右，極端最低氣(qi)(qi)溫可(ke)達-15℃，7月均(jun)(jun)溫23℃～24℃；年(nian)降水(shui)量(liang)在(zai)2000毫米以(yi)(yi)上，是福建省降水(shui)量(liang)多(duo)地區。年(nian)相對濕度高達85%，霧日(ri)在(zai)100天以(yi)(yi)上。

土地資源

國有土(tu)地面積282.36平方(fang)公里，占總(zong)面積比(bi)例的28.74%；集體土(tu)地面積700.23平方(fang)公里，占總(zong)面積比(bi)例71.26%，森林(lin)覆蓋(gai)率(lv)達到87.86%。

植物資源

武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)夷(yi)(yi)山(shan)(shan)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)公園(yuan)屬(shu)(shu)亞(ya)熱(re)(re)帶(dai)(dai)常(chang)綠闊(kuo)葉林(lin)(lin)區域(yu)(yu)，中(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)熱(re)(re)帶(dai)(dai)常(chang)綠闊(kuo)葉林(lin)(lin)地帶(dai)(dai)，浙閩山(shan)(shan)丘甜櫧(zhu)、木(mu)荷(he)林(lin)(lin)區。公園(yuan)內自(zi)然環(huan)境多(duo)(duo)樣，發(fa)育著多(duo)(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)多(duo)(duo)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)植(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)類(lei)型，還有(you)210.70平方公里原生性森林(lin)(lin)植(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)未受(shou)到(dao)人為(wei)(wei)破壞，是亞(ya)熱(re)(re)帶(dai)(dai)東部地區森林(lin)(lin)植(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)保存完好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)區域(yu)(yu)。公園(yuan)內相(xiang)對(dui)海(hai)拔最高(gao)達1700米，隨著海(hai)拔的(de)(de)(de)(de)遞增，氣(qi)溫(wen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)遞減和降水量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)增多(duo)(duo)，植(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)垂(chui)(chui)直帶(dai)(dai)譜(pu)明(ming)顯(xian)，依(yi)次分布有(you)針闊(kuo)葉混交林(lin)(lin)，溫(wen)性針葉林(lin)(lin)、中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)苔蘚矮曲林(lin)(lin)、中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)草甸五個垂(chui)(chui)直帶(dai)(dai)譜(pu)，是中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)大(da)陸東南部發(fa)育完好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)垂(chui)(chui)直帶(dai)(dai)譜(pu)。2007年(nian)已(yi)(yi)知植(zhi)(zhi)物3728種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)物類(lei)數量(liang)(liang)在中(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)熱(re)(re)帶(dai)(dai)地區位居前列(lie)，有(you)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)特(te)有(you)屬(shu)(shu)27屬(shu)(shu)31種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，許多(duo)(duo)如(ru)(ru)銀杏等(deng)為(wei)(wei)單(dan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)屬(shu)(shu)孑(jie)遺(yi)植(zhi)(zhi)物3728種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)物種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)數量(liang)(liang)在中(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)熱(re)(re)帶(dai)(dai)地區位居前列(lie)，有(you)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)特(te)有(you)屬(shu)(shu)27屬(shu)(shu)31種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，許多(duo)(duo)如(ru)(ru)銀杏等(deng)為(wei)(wei)單(dan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)屬(shu)(shu)孑(jie)遺(yi)植(zhi)(zhi)物；截(jie)止至2007有(you)28種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)珍稀瀕危種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)列(lie)入《中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)植(zhi)(zhi)物紅(hong)皮書》，如(ru)(ru)鵝(e)掌楸、銀鐘樹(shu)、南方鐵杉、觀光木(mu)、紫莖等(deng)。武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)夷(yi)(yi)山(shan)(shan)蘭(lan)科(ke)植(zhi)(zhi)物尤(you)其豐(feng)富，已(yi)(yi)知有(you)32屬(shu)(shu)78種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，寬(kuan)距(ju)蘭(lan)，多(duo)(duo)花寬(kuan)距(ju)蘭(lan)為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)新記錄種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，盂蘭(lan)為(wei)(wei)福(fu)建省公布新記錄。而蕨類(lei)就有(you)14個，如(ru)(ru)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)夷(yi)(yi)山(shan)(shan)鐵角蕨、武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)夷(yi)(yi)蹄蓋蕨、武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)夷(yi)(yi)耳蕨、武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)夷(yi)(yi)假瘤足、武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)夷(yi)(yi)粉背蕨、武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)夷(yi)(yi)凸軸(zhou)蕨等(deng)以(yi)“武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)夷(yi)(yi)”作為(wei)(wei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)加詞的(de)(de)(de)(de)就達6種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之多(duo)(duo)。武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)夷(yi)(yi)山(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)古樹(shu)名木(mu)具有(you)古、大(da)、珍、多(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)點，如(ru)(ru)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)夷(yi)(yi)宮880年(nian)樹(shu)齡的(de)(de)(de)(de)古桂、坑上(shang)980年(nian)樹(shu)齡的(de)(de)(de)(de)南方紅(hong)豆杉等(deng)，具有(you)極高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)科(ke)研和保存價(jia)值。

動物資源

武夷(yi)山國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)公(gong)園(yuan)在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)動(dong)物(wu)地理(li)區劃上(shang)屬(shu)于東洋界(jie)(jie)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)印亞界(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)(de)華中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)東部丘陵(ling)平原亞區。公(gong)園(yuan)內地貌復雜，生(sheng)態環境類(lei)(lei)(lei)型多(duo)樣，為(wei)野生(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)棲息繁衍提供(gong)了理(li)想場所，被中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)外生(sheng)物(wu)學(xue)家(jia)譽為(wei)“蛇(she)的(de)(de)(de)王(wang)國(guo)(guo)(guo)”、“昆(kun)蟲(chong)世(shi)界(jie)(jie)”、“鳥(niao)的(de)(de)(de)天堂”、“世(shi)界(jie)(jie)生(sheng)物(wu)模(mo)式標本的(de)(de)(de)產地”、“研究亞洲兩(liang)棲爬(pa)(pa)行動(dong)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)鑰(yao)匙”。2007年武夷(yi)山已知的(de)(de)(de)動(dong)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)有(you)(you)5110種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)：哺乳綱(gang)(gang)71種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，鳥(niao)綱(gang)(gang)256種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，魚綱(gang)(gang)40種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，兩(liang)棲綱(gang)(gang)35種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，爬(pa)(pa)行綱(gang)(gang)73種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，昆(kun)蟲(chong)已定(ding)名(ming)4635種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)（其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)700余個(ge)新種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，20種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)新記錄(lu)）。在(zai)動(dong)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)尤以兩(liang)棲、爬(pa)(pa)行類(lei)(lei)(lei)和昆(kun)類(lei)(lei)(lei)分布眾(zhong)多(duo)而著名(ming)于世(shi)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)外生(sheng)物(wu)學(xue)家(jia)把武夷(yi)山稱為(wei)“研究兩(liang)棲、爬(pa)(pa)行動(dong)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)鑰(yao)匙”、“鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)天堂”、“蛇(she)的(de)(de)(de)王(wang)國(guo)(guo)(guo)”、“昆(kun)蟲(chong)世(shi)界(jie)(jie)”。到2011年已列(lie)入國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)《瀕危(wei)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)貿(mao)易公(gong)約》（CITES）的(de)(de)(de)動(dong)物(wu)有(you)(you)46種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，黑(hei)麂、金鐵(tie)豺、黃腹角(jiao)(jiao)雉等11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)列(lie)入一級保護。屬(shu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)日、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)澳(ao)候鳥(niao)保護協定(ding)保護的(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)有(you)(you)97種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)特有(you)(you)野生(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)49種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，崇(chong)安髭蟾（角(jiao)(jiao)怪）、崇(chong)安地蜥(xi)、崇(chong)安斜鱗蛇(she)、掛墩鴉雀更為(wei)武夷(yi)山所特有(you)(you)。

水生生物資源

武夷(yi)山(shan)國家公園(yuan)擁有豐富(fu)的水生(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)物資源，包括浮游(you)藻類(lei)、浮游(you)動物、底棲動物、魚類(lei)和水生(sheng)(sheng)動物等。其中，高(gao)等水生(sheng)(sheng)植物共(gong)計42科51屬139種，浮游(you)動物67種，魚類(lei)22科56屬104種，以及中華(hua)鱉、大(da)鯢等水生(sheng)(sheng)動物。

歷史沿革

武(wu)(wu)夷山(shan)(shan)是座歷史文化(hua)名(ming)山(shan)(shan)。早(zao)在(zai)新石(shi)器時期(qi)，古越人就(jiu)已(yi)在(zai)此繁(fan)衍(yan)生息。如今懸崖絕壁上遺留的“架壑船”和(he)“虹橋板”，就(jiu)是古越人特有的葬俗。西漢時，漢武(wu)(wu)帝曾(ceng)遣使者(zhe)到武(wu)(wu)夷山(shan)(shan)用干魚祭祀武(wu)(wu)夷君。唐代，唐玄宗大(da)封天(tian)(tian)下名(ming)山(shan)(shan)大(da)川，武(wu)(wu)夷山(shan)(shan)也受到封表，并刻石(shi)記(ji)載。還(huan)明令保護山(shan)(shan)林，不準砍伐。唐末五代初，杜光庭在(zai)《洞天(tian)(tian)福(fu)地記(ji)》里，把(ba)武(wu)(wu)夷山(shan)(shan)列(lie)為天(tian)(tian)下三十(shi)六(liu)(liu)洞天(tian)(tian)之(zhi)一，稱之(zhi)為“第十(shi)六(liu)(liu)升真元(yuan)化(hua)洞天(tian)(tian)”。宋紹圣(sheng)二年（1095年），禱雨獲應，又封武(wu)(wu)夷君為顯道真人。

從歷(li)史和科(ke)學的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)角度看，武(wu)夷(yi)山(shan)(shan)具有(you)突出、普遍價(jia)值，不僅能為(wei)已消逝的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)古(gu)文(wen)(wen)明和文(wen)(wen)化傳統提供(gong)獨特的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)見(jian)證，而(er)且與理學思想(xiang)文(wen)(wen)明有(you)著(zhu)(zhu)直接的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、實質性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)聯(lian)系，符(fu)合世界文(wen)(wen)化遺產第3、5標準。大自(zi)然(ran)賜予了(le)武(wu)夷(yi)山(shan)(shan)獨特和優越(yue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)然(ran)環境，吸引了(le)歷(li)代高人(ren)(ren)雅士、文(wen)(wen)臣武(wu)將(jiang)在(zai)山(shan)(shan)中或(huo)游覽、或(huo)隱(yin)居(ju)、或(huo)著(zhu)(zhu)述、或(huo)授徒，前赴后繼，你來我往。自(zi)然(ran)山(shan)(shan)水(shui)陶冶了(le)人(ren)(ren)們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)情，啟(qi)迪(di)了(le)人(ren)(ren)們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)智慧，人(ren)(ren)類(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)活動傳播，發展了(le)武(wu)夷(yi)山(shan)(shan)，為(wei)自(zi)然(ran)山(shan)(shan)水(shui)增輝添彩。先民的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)智慧，文(wen)(wen)士的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)駐足在(zai)九曲溪兩岸留下(xia)眾多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)化遺存：有(you)高懸崖壁數(shu)千(qian)年不朽的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)架壑(he)船棺18處(chu)(chu)；有(you)朱熹、游酢、熊禾、蔡元定等鴻儒大雅的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)書(shu)院遺址35處(chu)(chu)；有(you)堪稱為(wei)中國古(gu)書(shu)法藝術寶庫的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)代摩崖石刻450多方(fang)，其中有(you)古(gu)代官府和鄉民保護武(wu)夷(yi)山(shan)(shan)水(shui)和動植物的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)禁(jin)令13方(fang)；有(you)僧道的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)宮觀寺廟及遺址60余處(chu)(chu)。

武夷山是(shi)三(san)教名山。自秦(qin)漢以(yi)來，武夷山就為羽流禪家棲息之地，留下了不少宮觀、道(dao)院和(he)庵堂故址。武夷山還曾是(shi)儒家學(xue)者倡道(dao)講學(xue)之地。