官話(hua)(hua)(hua)方(fang)言通行于長(chang)江以北(bei)各省(sheng)(sheng)漢族(zu)地(di)區（除(chu)(chu)山西）；長(chang)江下游鎮江（除(chu)(chu)丹(dan)陽丹(dan)徒(tu)）、南(nan)(nan)(nan)京北(bei)部(bu)(bu)及皖南(nan)(nan)(nan)部(bu)(bu)分沿江地(di)帶(dai)；湖北(bei)省(sheng)(sheng)除(chu)(chu)東南(nan)(nan)(nan)角以外的全(quan)部(bu)(bu)地(di)區；廣西省(sheng)(sheng)北(bei)部(bu)(bu)和湖南(nan)(nan)(nan)省(sheng)(sheng)西北(bei)角地(di)區；云南(nan)(nan)(nan)、四(si)川、貴州三省(sheng)(sheng)少數民族(zu)區域以外的全(quan)部(bu)(bu)漢族(zu)地(di)區。此外，在非官話(hua)(hua)(hua)方(fang)言區中。還有少數由于歷(li)史原因(yin)而形成(cheng)的官話(hua)(hua)(hua)方(fang)言島(dao)(dao)。如海南(nan)(nan)(nan)島(dao)(dao)崖(ya)縣、儋縣的“軍(jun)話(hua)(hua)(hua)”，福(fu)建南(nan)(nan)(nan)平城關(guan)的“土官話(hua)(hua)(hua)”，長(chang)樂洋嶼(yu)的“京都話(hua)(hua)(hua)”等(deng)。使用人口 7億(yi)以上。
漢(han)族的(de)先民開始(shi)時人(ren)數(shu)很少(shao)，使用的(de)漢(han)語也比較單(dan)純(chun)。后來由于社會的(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，居民逐漸向(xiang)四周(zhou)擴展(zhan)，或(huo)者集(ji)體(ti)向(xiang)遠方遷移，或(huo)者跟異族人(ren)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生接(jie)觸，漢(han)語就逐漸地發(fa)(fa)(fa)生分(fen)(fen)化，產(chan)生了分(fen)(fen)布(bu)在(zai)不同地域(yu)上的(de)方言(yan)(yan)。漢(han)語方言(yan)(yan)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)區域(yu)遼闊，使用人(ren)口(kou)在(zai)9億以上。
官話(hua)(hua)可細分為八種次方(fang)言：東(dong)北官話(hua)(hua)、北京官話(hua)(hua)、冀魯(lu)官話(hua)(hua)、膠遼官話(hua)(hua)、中原(yuan)官話(hua)(hua)、蘭銀官話(hua)(hua)、江(jiang)淮官話(hua)(hua)、西南官話(hua)(hua)。
東北官話主(zhu)要分(fen)布于黑龍江、吉(ji)林(lin)絕大(da)部、遼寧(ning)部分(fen)地區、內蒙古(gu)東部和(he)河北東北部。東北官話具體可(ke)(ke)分(fen)為(wei)吉(ji)沈片(pian)、哈阜(fu)片(pian)、黑松片(pian)，每片(pian)又可(ke)(ke)分(fen)為(wei)幾(ji)小片(pian)。主(zhu)要特征(zheng)是(shi)古(gu)入聲派入平、上、去(qu)。
北(bei)(bei)京(jing)官(guan)話又稱華北(bei)(bei)官(guan)話，主要分布于(yu)北(bei)(bei)京(jing)、河北(bei)(bei)北(bei)(bei)部和內蒙古(gu)中(zhong)部，可分為京(jing)師、懷(huai)承、朝峰、石(shi)克四(si)片。使(shi)用人(ren)口約1500萬。三聲四(si)調，古(gu)入聲派入平、上、去聲。
冀(ji)(ji)魯(lu)官(guan)(guan)話(hua)主(zhu)要分布于河北(bei)大部(bu)、天津、山(shan)東北(bei)部(bu)和西北(bei)部(bu)，以及(ji)北(bei)京市平谷區，山(shan)西廣靈縣，內(nei)蒙古寧城縣，使用人口(kou)約(yue)9000余萬。冀(ji)(ji)魯(lu)官(guan)(guan)話(hua)是除(chu)東北(bei)官(guan)(guan)話(hua)外，與北(bei)京官(guan)(guan)話(hua)最為接近的官(guan)(guan)話(hua)。主(zhu)要特(te)征是三聲四(si)調(diao)，古入(ru)聲派入(ru)平、去(qu)聲。
膠遼(liao)官(guan)話(hua)主要(yao)分布于(yu)山東(dong)(dong)省(sheng)的(de)膠東(dong)(dong)半島、遼(liao)寧省(sheng)的(de)遼(liao)東(dong)(dong)半島和鴨綠江下(xia)游地帶及江蘇(su)省(sheng)的(de)贛榆(yu)縣。歷(li)史上在(zai)(zai)一(yi)些地區(qu)如黑龍江省(sheng)還存在(zai)(zai)過(guo)膠遼(liao)官(guan)話(hua)的(de)方言(yan)島，但漸(jian)漸(jian)都消失在(zai)(zai)周圍方言(yan)的(de)“汪洋大(da)海”之(zhi)中了(le)。膠遼(liao)官(guan)話(hua)內(nei)分登連(lian)片(pian)、青州片(pian)（青萊片(pian)）和蓋(gai)桓片(pian)（營通(tong)片(pian)）。主要(yao)特征是三聲(sheng)三調或(huo)四調，古入聲(sheng)派(pai)入平、上、去聲(sheng)。
中(zhong)原官話(hua)的(de)分(fen)布(bu)以河(he)(he)南、陜(shan)西(xi)關中(zhong)、山(shan)(shan)東(dong)南部為中(zhong)心，覆及山(shan)(shan)東(dong)、河(he)(he)北、河(he)(he)南、山(shan)(shan)西(xi)、安徽(hui)、陜(shan)西(xi)、甘肅、寧夏(xia)、青海、新疆。根(gen)據1987版的(de)《中(zhong)國(guo)語言地圖集》，一(yi)共(gong)分(fen)為鄭(zheng)開、洛襄、兗(yan)菏、漯項(xiang)、商(shang)阜、關中(zhong)、南魯、秦隴、隴中(zhong)、南疆等十片。代表方言為河(he)(he)南方言。中(zhong)原官話(hua)的(de)古(gu)入(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)清音聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母和(he)次(ci)濁聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母字今(jin)讀(du)陰平，古(gu)全濁聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母字今(jin)讀(du)陽平是中(zhong)原官話(hua)區的(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要特(te)點。中(zhong)原官話(hua)和(he)冀(ji)魯官話(hua)、膠遼(liao)官話(hua)的(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要區別是古(gu)入(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)次(ci)濁聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母字今(jin)讀(du)陰平。
蘭(lan)銀官話(hua)主要(yao)分布(bu)于(yu)(yu)甘(gan)肅（蘭(lan)州(zhou)及周(zhou)邊、河西走廊）、寧夏（中(zhong)北(bei)部）、新(xin)疆(jiang)(jiang)（北(bei)疆(jiang)(jiang)）。分為四片：金城（蘭(lan)州(zhou)古稱）片、銀吳(wu)片、河西片、新(xin)疆(jiang)(jiang)北(bei)疆(jiang)(jiang)片。蘭(lan)銀官話(hua)分布(bu)區人口密度小，使用人數在八個官話(hua)中(zhong)屬于(yu)(yu)較少的。在蘭(lan)銀官話(hua)中(zhong)古入聲(sheng)清音(yin)和次(ci)濁聲(sheng)母字(zi)今讀(du)去(qu)聲(sheng)。
江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)淮官話分(fen)布于(yu)今江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)蘇和(he)安徽(hui)的(de)大(da)部、湖北(bei)局部、江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)西(xi)部分(fen)地區等地，江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)淮官話使用人口大(da)約為(wei)7000萬，其中主要分(fen)布于(yu)安徽(hui)省除蚌埠的(de)長江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)以(yi)北(bei)地區、鎮(zhen)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)以(yi)西(xi)九(jiu)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)以(yi)東的(de)長江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)南岸沿江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)一帶。江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)淮官話自東向西(xi)分(fen)為(wei)通泰片、洪巢(chao)片、黃孝片。
西(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)官(guan)話(hua)是流(liu)行于中(zhong)國(guo)西(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)部(bu)(bu)四(si)川(chuan)(chuan)、重慶(qing)、貴(gui)州、云(yun)南(nan)(nan)(nan)、湖(hu)北，以及鄰近(jin)的廣西(xi)壯族自治區北部(bu)(bu)、湖(hu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)省西(xi)部(bu)(bu)、陜西(xi)省南(nan)(nan)(nan)部(bu)(bu)、緬(mian)甸(dian)果(guo)敢的主(zhu)(zhu)要語言，在老撾、越(yue)南(nan)(nan)(nan)等(deng)地(di)也有(you)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)華(hua)人使用。西(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)官(guan)話(hua)在緬(mian)甸(dian)撣邦第一(yi)特(te)(te)區（果(guo)敢）具(ju)有(you)官(guan)方地(di)位(wei)，是僅有(you)的3個具(ju)有(you)官(guan)方地(di)位(wei)的漢語分(fen)支之一(yi)。西(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)官(guan)話(hua)的主(zhu)(zhu)要特(te)(te)征是古入聲不分(fen)化，整體保留或整體混入它(ta)調（陽平(ping)、陰(yin)平(ping)或去聲）。《中(zhong)國(guo)語言地(di)圖集》中(zhong)將西(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)官(guan)話(hua)分(fen)為(wei)十二片(pian)，其通常(chang)也可按照(zhao)地(di)域分(fen)為(wei)四(si)川(chuan)(chuan)話(hua)、重慶(qing)話(hua)、貴(gui)州話(hua)、云(yun)南(nan)(nan)(nan)話(hua)、桂柳話(hua)、湖(hu)北話(hua)等(deng)。
①塞音和塞擦音聲(sheng)母(mu)(mu)(mu)大都(dou)有清(qing)聲(sheng)送(song)氣(qi)(qi)與(yu)清(qing)聲(sheng)不送(song)氣(qi)(qi)之分(fen)，而(er)沒(mei)有清(qing)聲(sheng)與(yu)濁(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)聲(sheng)的(de)(de)對立(li)，反映出(chu)清(qing)聲(sheng)母(mu)(mu)(mu)多而(er)濁(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)聲(sheng)母(mu)(mu)(mu)少的(de)(de)特點(dian)。古(gu)全濁(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)聲(sheng)母(mu)(mu)(mu)字(zi)在現代官話(hua)方言各支(zhi)系中(zhong)幾乎都(dou)念(nian)為清(qing)聲(sheng)母(mu)(mu)(mu)字(zi)，很(hen)少例外。一般古(gu)全濁(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)平聲(sheng)念(nian)送(song)氣(qi)(qi)清(qing)聲(sheng)母(mu)(mu)(mu)，古(gu)全濁(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)仄聲(sheng)念(nian)不送(song)氣(qi)(qi)清(qing)聲(sheng)母(mu)(mu)(mu)。不過值得一提的(de)(de)是湘(xiang)西(xi)一些西(xi)南官話(hua)保留了全濁(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)音。
②韻母方面最突(tu)出的特點是輔音韻尾比(bi)較少。
③聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)調(diao)方(fang)面(mian)最突出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)特點(dian)是調(diao)類(lei)的(de)(de)(de)數目比(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)少(shao)。除江淮(huai)(huai)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、西(xi)(xi)(xi)南官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)岷江小片(pian)(pian)、華(hua)(hua)北(bei)(bei)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)河(he)(he)南黃河(he)(he)以(yi)(yi)北(bei)(bei)地(di)(di)區、西(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山西(xi)(xi)(xi)南端、陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)陜(shan)北(bei)(bei)及(ji)(ji)內蒙古(gu)(gu)(gu)西(xi)(xi)(xi)部(bu)(bu)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)地(di)(di)區有入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)調(diao)外(wai)(wai)，其(qi)余各(ge)地(di)(di)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)大(da)(da)(da)都(dou)沒有入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)調(diao)。整個(ge)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)方(fang)言(yan)區的(de)(de)(de)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)調(diao)以(yi)(yi)4～5個(ge)為最多(duo)(duo)，尤以(yi)(yi)4個(ge)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)調(diao)最普遍，少(shao)于4個(ge)或(huo)多(duo)(duo)于 5個(ge)的(de)(de)(de)都(dou)比(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)少(shao)。古(gu)(gu)(gu)四聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)、上(shang)(shang)、去(qu)(qu)三(san)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)在各(ge)地(di)(di)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)化(hua)、發展(zhan)情況(kuang)(kuang)大(da)(da)(da)體相(xiang)似，即(ji)(ji)：古(gu)(gu)(gu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)清聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)各(ge)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)大(da)(da)(da)都(dou)念(nian)為陰(yin)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)，如(ru)(ru)包(bao)、周、基(ji)、夫、甘、尊、當、江、光等(deng)；古(gu)(gu)(gu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)濁(zhuo)(zhuo)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)各(ge)地(di)(di)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)大(da)(da)(da)都(dou)念(nian)為陽(yang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)，如(ru)(ru)爬、徒、鋤、奇、條、林、沉、群、同(tong)、紅等(deng)；古(gu)(gu)(gu)上(shang)(shang)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)清聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)和次濁(zhuo)(zhuo)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)各(ge)地(di)(di)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)大(da)(da)(da)都(dou)念(nian)為上(shang)(shang)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，如(ru)(ru)補、早、膽、粉、黨、井(jing)、榜(bang)、選、暖、染、老等(deng)；古(gu)(gu)(gu)上(shang)(shang)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)全(quan)濁(zhuo)(zhuo)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)和古(gu)(gu)(gu)去(qu)(qu)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，各(ge)地(di)(di)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)多(duo)(duo)念(nian)去(qu)(qu)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，如(ru)(ru)古(gu)(gu)(gu)上(shang)(shang)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)全(quan)濁(zhuo)(zhuo)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)部(bu)(bu)、父(fu)、道(dao)、憤、蕩和古(gu)(gu)(gu)去(qu)(qu)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)過、怕、步(bu)、帶、共、耀等(deng)。古(gu)(gu)(gu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)在官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)方(fang)言(yan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)念(nian)法(fa)比(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)復雜，除江淮(huai)(huai)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、西(xi)(xi)(xi)南官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)岷江小片(pian)(pian)及(ji)(ji)西(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山西(xi)(xi)(xi)、陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)地(di)(di)區、華(hua)(hua)北(bei)(bei)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)黃河(he)(he)以(yi)(yi)北(bei)(bei)河(he)(he)南省(sheng)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)地(di)(di)區保留入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)自(zi)成調(diao)類(lei)外(wai)(wai)，其(qi)余入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)調(diao)消失的(de)(de)(de)各(ge)地(di)(di)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，古(gu)(gu)(gu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)歸(gui)屬(shu)各(ge)不(bu)相(xiang)同(tong)。大(da)(da)(da)致說來，華(hua)(hua)北(bei)(bei)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)跟北(bei)(bei)京(jing)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)一樣，入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)消失后入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)調(diao)的(de)(de)(de)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)分(fen)(fen)派平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)、上(shang)(shang)、去(qu)(qu)各(ge)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，即(ji)(ji)所謂"入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)派三(san)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)":全(quan)濁(zhuo)(zhuo)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)歸(gui)陽(yang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)，次濁(zhuo)(zhuo)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)歸(gui)去(qu)(qu)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，清聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)分(fen)(fen)派到陰(yin)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)、陽(yang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)、上(shang)(shang)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、去(qu)(qu)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)各(ge)調(diao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)去(qu)(qu)；少(shao)數地(di)(di)方(fang)（如(ru)(ru)濟(ji)南、大(da)(da)(da)連）與北(bei)(bei)京(jing)略有不(bu)同(tong)：古(gu)(gu)(gu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)清聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)或(huo)全(quan)歸(gui) 陰(yin)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)（如(ru)(ru)濟(ji)南），或(huo)全(quan)歸(gui)上(shang)(shang)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)（如(ru)(ru)大(da)(da)(da)連）。西(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)沒有入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)方(fang)古(gu)(gu)(gu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)調(diao)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)派有兩種情況(kuang)(kuang)：或(huo)是古(gu)(gu)(gu)全(quan)濁(zhuo)(zhuo)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)歸(gui)陽(yang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)，其(qi)余歸(gui)陰(yin)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)，如(ru)(ru)西(xi)(xi)(xi)安；或(huo)是古(gu)(gu)(gu)全(quan)濁(zhuo)(zhuo)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)歸(gui)陽(yang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)，其(qi)余歸(gui)去(qu)(qu)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，如(ru)(ru)蘭州。西(xi)(xi)(xi)南官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)（除灌(guan)赤片(pian)(pian)和其(qi)他部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)方(fang)言(yan)點(dian)外(wai)(wai)）古(gu)(gu)(gu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)派最為劃一：只要是古(gu)(gu)(gu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，不(bu)論聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)是什么，一律念(nian)陽(yang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)調(diao)，幾乎沒有例外(wai)(wai)。
官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)詞(ci)(ci)匯(hui)和現代漢(han)民族共(gong)同(tong)(tong)語(yu)普通(tong)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)詞(ci)(ci)匯(hui)大(da)同(tong)(tong)小異(yi)。官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)中通(tong)行(xing)范圍比(bi)較廣(guang)的(de)(de)(de)語(yu)詞(ci)(ci)，大(da)都(dou)(dou)已(yi)進入(ru)共(gong)同(tong)(tong)語(yu)，作為(wei)基本詞(ci)(ci)匯(hui)，沒能(neng)為(wei)共(gong)同(tong)(tong)語(yu)吸收(shou)的(de)(de)(de)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)詞(ci)(ci)，大(da)都(dou)(dou)只流行(xing)于某一(yi)個官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)片(pian)或(huo)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)小片(pian)，南北各(ge)(ge)地官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)在(zai)(zai)詞(ci)(ci)匯(hui)上的(de)(de)(de)差異(yi)，比(bi)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)和其他各(ge)(ge)大(da)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)之間的(de)(de)(de)差異(yi)小。但官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)通(tong)行(xing)范圍如此遼闊，有的(de)(de)(de)地方(fang)(fang)也有與眾不同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)詞(ci)(ci)語(yu)。例如北京土話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)"二乎"意(yi)為(wei)"猶疑"，"咋呼"意(yi)為(wei)"囂張"，"沖道"意(yi)為(wei)"敢(gan)做(zuo)敢(gan)說(shuo)(shuo)";天津(jin)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)"廣(guang)"意(yi)為(wei)"打(da)","老公"意(yi)為(wei)"烏鴉"，"罷了"意(yi)為(wei)"了不起"；西(xi)安話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)"瞎了"意(yi)為(wei)"浪費"、"糟踏";山東聊(liao)城(cheng)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)"毀"意(yi)為(wei)"打(da)"；河南洛陽(yang)(yang)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)"連連兒(er)(er)(er)(er)"意(yi)為(wei)"趕快"。新鄉話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)用"亂"表示"住"，用"紅"表示"賣力氣(qi)"；成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)都(dou)(dou)、昆明等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)地"聊(liao)天"說(shuo)(shuo)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)"擺龍門陣"，武漢(han)、重慶等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)地"倒霉(mei)"說(shuo)(shuo)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)"背時"，"可憐"說(shuo)(shuo)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)"造孽"；……如此等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)，都(dou)(dou)各(ge)(ge)具(ju)一(yi)格。"太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)"一(yi)詞(ci)(ci)在(zai)(zai)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)區有各(ge)(ge)種不同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)稱(cheng)(cheng)呼：北京、保定稱(cheng)(cheng)"老爺(ye)兒(er)(er)(er)(er)"(北京也稱(cheng)(cheng)"太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)")，沈陽(yang)(yang)、西(xi)安稱(cheng)(cheng)"日頭(tou)"，太(tai)原、呼和浩特稱(cheng)(cheng)"陽(yang)(yang)婆(po)",合(he)肥稱(cheng)(cheng)"熱頭(tou)",成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)都(dou)(dou)、武漢(han)、昆明稱(cheng)(cheng)"太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)";光是河北一(yi)省，對(dui)"太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)"的(de)(de)(de)稱(cheng)(cheng)呼就有"老爺(ye)兒(er)(er)(er)(er)、爺(ye)爺(ye)兒(er)(er)(er)(er)、爺(ye)爺(ye)、日頭(tou)、日頭(tou)爺(ye)、日頭(tou)影兒(er)(er)(er)(er)、陽(yang)(yang)婆(po)兒(er)(er)(er)(er)、陽(yang)(yang)婆(po)、前天爺(ye)、佛爺(ye)兒(er)(er)(er)(er)"等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)，可見(jian)詞(ci)(ci)匯(hui)上的(de)(de)(de)分歧，即使是在(zai)(zai)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)內部，仍然不容(rong)忽視。官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)詞(ci)(ci)匯(hui)跟(gen)其他方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)比(bi)較，還顯示出(chu)以(yi)下一(yi)些(xie)特色：
①雙(shuang)音節(jie)(jie)詞特別占優勢。雙(shuang)音節(jie)(jie)詞在漢語中是(shi)整個(ge)詞匯里占比重最大的一部分，在官(guan)(guan)話方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)中表現得尤為(wei)突出，如許多在官(guan)(guan)話方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)中加"子(zi)"而成為(wei)雙(shuang)音節(jie)(jie)詞的，在其他方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)中往往是(shi)沒有"子(zi)"的單(dan)音節(jie)(jie)詞，如"稻(dao)子(zi)"在南方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)或(huo)(huo)叫(jiao)"稻(dao)"（吳(wu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)、閩(min)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)），或(huo)(huo)叫(jiao)"禾"（客家方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)、湘方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)、贛(gan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)、粵(yue)(yue)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)）；"谷(gu)子(zi)"在南方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)或(huo)(huo)叫(jiao)"谷(gu)"（吳(wu)、湘、贛(gan)、客家、粵(yue)(yue)等方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)），或(huo)(huo)叫(jiao)"粟"（閩(min)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)）；"相(xiang)片(pian)(pian)"一詞官(guan)(guan)話方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)區各地大都叫(jiao)"相(xiang)片(pian)(pian)"或(huo)(huo)"相(xiang)片(pian)(pian)兒(er)",而南方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)各方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)，除客、贛(gan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)仍用雙(shuang)音節(jie)(jie)"相(xiang)片(pian)(pian)"外，吳(wu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)、粵(yue)(yue)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)、閩(min)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)都是(shi)單(dan)音節(jie)(jie)詞，或(huo)(huo)叫(jiao)"照"(吳(wu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)蘇州話），或(huo)(huo)叫(jiao)"相(xiang)"（粵(yue)(yue)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)、閩(min)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)）。
②古(gu)代(dai)(dai)(dai)語(yu)(yu)詞保留(liu)得比(bi)較少。盡管每個漢語(yu)(yu)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)都(dou)繼承了(le)(le)不少古(gu)代(dai)(dai)(dai)漢語(yu)(yu)的語(yu)(yu)詞，但是相對而(er)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，官(guan)話方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)區各(ge)地(di)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)保留(liu)古(gu)語(yu)(yu)詞的現象比(bi)較少。例(li)如"眼(yan)睛"一(yi)詞，官(guan)話方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)區各(ge)地(di)大都(dou)說(shuo)(shuo)"眼(yan)睛",而(er)閩方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)至今仍叫(jiao)"目",粵(yue)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)仍叫(jiao)"眼(yan)"，保留(liu)了(le)(le)古(gu)代(dai)(dai)(dai)漢語(yu)(yu)對這一(yi)人體器(qi)官(guan)的名稱；又如"站立"一(yi)詞，除(chu)官(guan)話方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)區及湘方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)外，吳方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)叫(jiao)"立"，閩、粵(yue)、客家(jia)、贛等方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)叫(jiao)"企"，都(dou)沿用(yong)(yong)了(le)(le)古(gu)代(dai)(dai)(dai)漢語(yu)(yu)的說(shuo)(shuo)法(fa)；此外，還有(you)一(yi)批極常見的生活用(yong)(yong)詞，南方(fang)(fang)各(ge)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)保留(liu)了(le)(le)古(gu)代(dai)(dai)(dai)的說(shuo)(shuo)法(fa)，而(er)官(guan)話方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)則采用(yong)(yong)了(le)(le)跟現代(dai)(dai)(dai)漢語(yu)(yu)普通話一(yi)致的說(shuo)(shuo)法(fa)。如"看(kan)"是官(guan)話方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)普遍(bian)通用(yong)(yong)的；而(er)粵(yue)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、閩方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)（部分(fen)地(di)區）卻用(yong)(yong)古(gu)代(dai)(dai)(dai)的語(yu)(yu)詞"睇"。
③外(wai)來借(jie)(jie)詞(ci)比較少。和南(nan)方(fang)(fang)諸方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)比較，官(guan)話(hua)(hua)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)中外(wai)來的(de)借(jie)(jie)詞(ci)比較少。南(nan)方(fang)(fang)閩(min)(min)、粵(yue)等地(di)向來為(wei)出海(hai)門戶，與(yu)外(wai)國接觸(chu)多，方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)中較易借(jie)(jie)入外(wai)語(yu)(yu)語(yu)(yu)詞(ci)，如(ru)閩(min)(min)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)中借(jie)(jie)入不少印度尼(ni)西亞 -馬(ma)來語(yu)(yu)詞(ci)，粵(yue)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)中借(jie)(jie)入不少英語(yu)(yu)語(yu)(yu)詞(ci)。有時候同(tong)一個事物，官(guan)話(hua)(hua)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)與(yu)南(nan)方(fang)(fang)各(ge)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)卻(que)采用(yong)不同(tong)的(de)詞(ci)語(yu)(yu)來表達，顯示出"舶來"詞(ci)與(yu)"土產"詞(ci)的(de)差別。例如(ru)"水(shui)泥"一詞(ci)，粵(yue)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)區有人叫(jiao)"士敏土",吳方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)叫(jiao)"水(shui)門汀"，都(dou)(dou)(dou)是(shi)英語(yu)(yu)cement的(de)譯(yi)音；閩(min)(min)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)叫(jiao)"番家灰"、"紅毛(mao)灰"之類，也顯示出外(wai)來的(de)色彩，而(er)官(guan)話(hua)(hua)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)大多數和共同(tong)語(yu)(yu)一樣用(yong)"水(shui)泥"(部分(fen)地(di)方(fang)(fang)叫(jiao)"洋灰")則是(shi)地(di)道(dao)的(de)漢(han)語(yu)(yu)語(yu)(yu)詞(ci)。又如(ru)照(zhao)相用(yong)的(de)"膠卷(juan)(juan)",官(guan)話(hua)(hua)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)各(ge)地(di)都(dou)(dou)(dou)叫(jiao)"膠卷(juan)(juan)"，而(er)粵(yue)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)、閩(min)(min)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)、客(ke)家方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)卻(que)都(dou)(dou)(dou)采用(yong)英語(yu)(yu)film的(de)譯(yi)音詞(ci)"菲林(lin)"。
④語(yu)(yu)氣(qi)詞(ci)比較(jiao)少，用(yong)法(fa)比較(jiao)概(gai)括。和南(nan)方各方言比較(jiao)，官話方言的(de)(de)語(yu)(yu)氣(qi)詞(ci)比較(jiao)少，用(yong)法(fa)更加(jia)概(gai)括，分工不那么細。例如(ru)常見的(de)(de)語(yu)(yu)氣(qi)詞(ci)"呢、嗎、啊"之類，官話方言跟(gen)共同語(yu)(yu)是一致(zhi)的(de)(de)，而南(nan)方吳(wu)、粵等方言的(de)(de)語(yu)(yu)氣(qi)詞(ci)則豐富得多。
語法方面 比較(jiao)突出的特點是：
①構詞(ci)方面(mian)，修飾性的(de)詞(ci)素一(yi)般(ban)在前。如除西南(nan)官話(hua)偶(ou)有"雞公(gong)"、"雞母(mu)(mu)"一(yi)類說(shuo)法外(wai)，各(ge)地官話(hua)大都是(shi)"公(gong)雞"、"母(mu)(mu)雞"、"客(ke)(ke)人"、"拖(tuo)鞋(xie)"等說(shuo)法，不象南(nan)方某些方言把修飾性的(de)詞(ci)素加在后面(mian)。如"雞公(gong)"、 "人客(ke)(ke)"、"鞋(xie)拖(tuo)"（閩方言）之類。
②運用(yong)語(yu)音(yin)內部屈(qu)折變化表現語(yu)法(fa)意義(yi)的現象(xiang)比(bi)較(jiao)少(shao)。除個別(bie)地方(fang)外，官話方(fang)言很少(shao)有語(yu)法(fa)學(xue)上所(suo)謂"構(gou)形法(fa)",即"狹義(yi)形態"的東西(xi)，粵方(fang)言、閩方(fang)言用(yong)變音(yin)的方(fang)式來表現某種(zhong)語(yu)法(fa)意義(yi)的現象(xiang)在官話方(fang)言中(zhong)很少(shao)見。
③結構(gou)助(zhu)(zhu)詞(ci)"的(de)、地(di)、得(de)(de)"的(de)運用(yong)(yong)。官(guan)話方(fang)(fang)言(yan)中(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)少(shao)地(di)方(fang)(fang)有結構(gou)助(zhu)(zhu)詞(ci)"的(de)、地(di)、得(de)(de)"，用(yong)(yong)途各不(bu)(bu)(bu)相同。這幾個結構(gou)助(zhu)(zhu)詞(ci)以(yi)北方(fang)(fang)官(guan)話用(yong)(yong)得(de)(de)最普遍，已進入共(gong)同語的(de)語法體(ti)系中(zhong)(zhong)。在官(guan)話以(yi)外的(de)南方(fang)(fang)各大方(fang)(fang)言(yan)中(zhong)(zhong)，卻很(hen)少(shao)見(jian)，就(jiu)是有類似的(de)結構(gou)助(zhu)(zhu)詞(ci)，也不(bu)(bu)(bu)象官(guan)話方(fang)(fang)言(yan)那樣(yang)"的(de)、地(di)、得(de)(de)"分工明確，用(yong)(yong)法不(bu)(bu)(bu)混。
④重(zhong)(zhong)疊(die)式(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)運用范(fan)圍(wei)相(xiang)當(dang)(dang)廣。官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)方(fang)(fang)言的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)疊(die)式(shi)(shi)(shi)內容相(xiang)當(dang)(dang)豐富，使用范(fan)圍(wei)相(xiang)當(dang)(dang)廣泛。例如(ru)親屬稱呼，南方(fang)(fang)閩、粵、客(ke)家、吳(wu)等方(fang)(fang)言一般都不(bu)(bu)用重(zhong)(zhong)疊(die)式(shi)(shi)(shi)，多用單音節詞素前加"阿"來稱呼，如(ru)"阿爸"、"阿弟"、"阿嫂"之(zhi)類(lei)。而在(zai)(zai)官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)方(fang)(fang)言中(zhong)(zhong)，則普遍用重(zhong)(zhong)疊(die)音節的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)來稱呼人，如(ru)"哥(ge)哥(ge)"、"舅舅"、"爸爸"、"嫂嫂"、 "叔叔"之(zhi)類(lei)。又(you)如(ru)某些(xie)常用的(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)詞，在(zai)(zai)南方(fang)(fang)各方(fang)(fang)言中(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)不(bu)(bu)能重(zhong)(zhong)疊(die)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，在(zai)(zai)官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)方(fang)(fang)言中(zhong)(zhong)卻(que)以重(zhong)(zhong)疊(die)的(de)(de)(de)(de)形式(shi)(shi)(shi)出現，如(ru)"星星"一詞。在(zai)(zai)西(xi)南官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)、西(xi)北官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)中(zhong)(zhong)，重(zhong)(zhong)疊(die)表示(shi)附加的(de)(de)(de)(de)小義。如(ru)成都話(hua)(hua)"盤(pan)盤(pan)"意(yi)為(wei)"盤(pan)兒","眼(yan)眼(yan)"意(yi)為(wei)"眼(yan)兒"。"豆(dou)豆(dou)"意(yi)為(wei)"豆(dou)兒",西(xi)安話(hua)(hua)"帽(mao)帽(mao)"意(yi)為(wei)"帽(mao)兒"。西(xi)北官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)有的(de)(de)(de)(de)地方(fang)(fang)量詞和指示(shi)詞也可(ke)以重(zhong)(zhong)疊(die)，如(ru)西(xi)安話(hua)(hua)度量詞重(zhong)(zhong)疊(die)表示(shi)計量方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)："這(zhe)米不(bu)(bu)賣(mai)升(sheng)升(sheng)"(不(bu)(bu)按升(sheng)賣(mai)）；指示(shi)詞重(zhong)(zhong)疊(die)表示(shi)所指的(de)(de)(de)(de)具體位置："你(ni)的(de)(de)(de)(de)站在(zai)(zai)這(zhe)這(zhe)等著(zhu)"（你(ni)們(men)站在(zai)(zai)這(zhe)兒等著(zhu)），這(zhe)些(xie)重(zhong)(zhong)疊(die)的(de)(de)(de)(de)用法在(zai)(zai)南方(fang)(fang)各大(da)方(fang)(fang)言中(zhong)(zhong)都是(shi)沒有的(de)(de)(de)(de)。
⑤量(liang)詞(ci)(ci)的(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)比較概括。官話(hua)方言(yan)中(zhong)(zhong)最常(chang)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)量(liang)詞(ci)(ci)"個"用(yong)途很廣，可(ke)以用(yong)在(zai)(zai)許多(duo)事物上面，虛的(de)(de)(de)實的(de)(de)(de)，都(dou)能(neng)和(he)" 個 "配搭。稱人一(yi)般在(zai)(zai)官話(hua)方言(yan)中(zhong)(zhong)用(yong)"個"和(he)"位(wei)"（尊稱），而在(zai)(zai)其他各大方言(yan)中(zhong)(zhong)，卻用(yong)各種不同的(de)(de)(de)量(liang)詞(ci)(ci)，并(bing)往往在(zai)(zai)量(liang)詞(ci)(ci)的(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)用(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)體(ti)現出一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)感情色彩和(he)修辭風格。例如粵方言(yan)，既有"這(zhe)位(wei)先生(sheng)"、"那個 同學"等(deng)合(he)乎規(gui)范的(de)(de)(de)叫法，而在(zai)(zai)某(mou)些場合(he)， "呢條(tiao)老坑"(這(zhe)個老頭兒(er)）等(deng)指人量(liang)詞(ci)(ci)的(de)(de)(de)獨特用(yong)法。
⑥官話方(fang)言中一個(ge)句(ju)子里可(ke)出現兩個(ge)"了"字，前者(zhe)表示動作(zuo)、行(xing)為(wei)的(de)完成，后(hou)者(zhe)作(zuo)為(wei)句(ju)末的(de)語氣詞。如："他吃(chi)了飯了"，這(zhe)種用法在南方(fang)各方(fang)言中比較少(shao)見。
⑦表示被動的(de)介(jie)詞(ci)比較多。在被動句里，表被動的(de)詞(ci)在官話方言中除(chu)了(le)用"被"以外(wai)，還可(ke)以用"給(gei)"（他給(gei)人罵(ma)了(le)）、"受(shou)(shou)"（小(xiao)張受(shou)(shou)人欺負）、"讓"（老(lao)鼠讓貓(mao)逮住了(le)）、"叫(jiao)（教）"（我(wo)今(jin)天叫(jiao)雨(yu)淋了(le)一(yi)場）等(deng)。
⑧官(guan)話方(fang)言疑問句(ju)有兩類(lei)不(bu)同的(de)格式(shi)(shi)。一(yi)類(lei)是(shi)(shi)北方(fang)官(guan)話用的(de)，跟共同語一(yi)樣，有"是(shi)(shi)什么？""好嗎？""是(shi)(shi)不(bu)是(shi)(shi)？"等(deng)句(ju)式(shi)(shi)；另一(yi)類(lei)是(shi)(shi)西北官(guan)話、西南官(guan)話（云南、貴州(zhou)）及江淮官(guan)話用的(de)，跟共同語不(bu)一(yi)樣，有"ke（果）是(shi)(shi)？（或'可(ke)是(shi)(shi)'？）""ke（果）好？""是(shi)(shi)不(bu)？"等(deng)句(ju)式(shi)(shi)。
