官(guan)話方言(yan)通行于長(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)以北(bei)各省(sheng)漢(han)族地區(qu)（除(chu)(chu)山西）；長(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)下游鎮江(jiang)(jiang)（除(chu)(chu)丹(dan)陽丹(dan)徒）、南京北(bei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)及(ji)皖南部(bu)(bu)(bu)分沿江(jiang)(jiang)地帶；湖北(bei)省(sheng)除(chu)(chu)東南角以外(wai)的(de)全(quan)(quan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)地區(qu)；廣西省(sheng)北(bei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)和(he)湖南省(sheng)西北(bei)角地區(qu)；云南、四(si)川、貴州三省(sheng)少數民族區(qu)域(yu)以外(wai)的(de)全(quan)(quan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)漢(han)族地區(qu)。此外(wai)，在(zai)非官(guan)話方言(yan)區(qu)中。還(huan)有少數由于歷史原因而形成的(de)官(guan)話方言(yan)島。如海南島崖縣、儋縣的(de)“軍(jun)話”，福建南平城(cheng)關的(de)“土官(guan)話”，長(chang)樂洋嶼的(de)“京都(dou)話”等。使用人口 7億以上。
漢(han)族的(de)(de)先民開始時人(ren)(ren)數很(hen)少，使用的(de)(de)漢(han)語(yu)也比較單純。后來由于社(she)會的(de)(de)發(fa)展，居(ju)民逐(zhu)漸向(xiang)四周擴(kuo)展，或者(zhe)集體向(xiang)遠方(fang)遷移，或者(zhe)跟異族人(ren)(ren)發(fa)生接觸(chu)，漢(han)語(yu)就逐(zhu)漸地(di)發(fa)生分(fen)化(hua)，產生了分(fen)布(bu)在不(bu)同地(di)域上的(de)(de)方(fang)言。漢(han)語(yu)方(fang)言分(fen)布(bu)區域遼闊，使用人(ren)(ren)口在9億以上。
官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)可細分為八種次(ci)方言：東北官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)、北京官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)、冀(ji)魯官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)、膠遼官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)、中原官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)、蘭(lan)銀(yin)官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)、江淮(huai)官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)、西南官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)。
東(dong)北(bei)官話主要分布(bu)于(yu)黑龍江、吉林(lin)絕大部(bu)、遼寧(ning)部(bu)分地區(qu)、內蒙古(gu)東(dong)部(bu)和河北(bei)東(dong)北(bei)部(bu)。東(dong)北(bei)官話具體可(ke)(ke)分為吉沈片(pian)、哈阜片(pian)、黑松片(pian)，每片(pian)又可(ke)(ke)分為幾小片(pian)。主要特征是古(gu)入(ru)聲派(pai)入(ru)平、上、去。
北京官(guan)話又(you)稱華北官(guan)話，主要分(fen)布于北京、河北北部和內蒙(meng)古中部，可分(fen)為(wei)京師、懷承、朝峰(feng)、石克四片。使用人(ren)口約1500萬。三聲四調，古入聲派(pai)入平、上、去聲。
冀魯(lu)官話(hua)主要分布于河北大部(bu)、天津、山(shan)東北部(bu)和西北部(bu)，以(yi)及北京市平(ping)谷(gu)區，山(shan)西廣靈(ling)縣，內蒙古(gu)寧城縣，使用人口約9000余萬(wan)。冀魯(lu)官話(hua)是(shi)除東北官話(hua)外(wai)，與北京官話(hua)最為(wei)接近(jin)的官話(hua)。主要特征(zheng)是(shi)三(san)聲(sheng)四調，古(gu)入聲(sheng)派入平(ping)、去聲(sheng)。
膠遼(liao)(liao)官(guan)話(hua)主(zhu)要分布于山東(dong)(dong)省的(de)(de)膠東(dong)(dong)半(ban)島、遼(liao)(liao)寧省的(de)(de)遼(liao)(liao)東(dong)(dong)半(ban)島和鴨綠江下游地帶及江蘇省的(de)(de)贛榆縣。歷史上在(zai)一些地區如(ru)黑龍江省還(huan)存在(zai)過膠遼(liao)(liao)官(guan)話(hua)的(de)(de)方(fang)言(yan)島，但(dan)漸(jian)漸(jian)都(dou)消失在(zai)周圍方(fang)言(yan)的(de)(de)“汪(wang)洋大海”之(zhi)中了(le)。膠遼(liao)(liao)官(guan)話(hua)內分登連片、青州片（青萊(lai)片）和蓋桓(huan)片（營通片）。主(zhu)要特征是三(san)(san)聲(sheng)(sheng)三(san)(san)調(diao)或四調(diao)，古入聲(sheng)(sheng)派(pai)入平、上、去聲(sheng)(sheng)。
中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)原(yuan)官話(hua)的(de)分(fen)布以(yi)河南、陜(shan)西(xi)關(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、山東南部(bu)為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心，覆及山東、河北(bei)、河南、山西(xi)、安徽、陜(shan)西(xi)、甘肅(su)、寧夏、青海、新(xin)疆。根據1987版的(de)《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國語(yu)言地圖集》，一共分(fen)為(wei)(wei)鄭開、洛襄(xiang)、兗菏、漯(luo)項、商阜、關(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、南魯、秦隴、隴中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、南疆等十(shi)片。代表方(fang)言為(wei)(wei)河南方(fang)言。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)原(yuan)官話(hua)的(de)古入(ru)(ru)聲清音聲母和次濁聲母字今讀(du)陰平(ping)，古全(quan)濁聲母字今讀(du)陽平(ping)是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)原(yuan)官話(hua)區(qu)的(de)主(zhu)要特點。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)原(yuan)官話(hua)和冀魯官話(hua)、膠遼官話(hua)的(de)主(zhu)要區(qu)別是(shi)古入(ru)(ru)聲次濁聲母字今讀(du)陰平(ping)。
蘭銀官(guan)話主要分布于甘(gan)肅（蘭州(zhou)及周邊、河(he)西走廊）、寧(ning)夏（中北(bei)部）、新疆(jiang)（北(bei)疆(jiang)）。分為四片(pian)：金城(cheng)（蘭州(zhou)古(gu)稱）片(pian)、銀吳片(pian)、河(he)西片(pian)、新疆(jiang)北(bei)疆(jiang)片(pian)。蘭銀官(guan)話分布區(qu)人口(kou)密度小(xiao)，使用(yong)人數(shu)在八個官(guan)話中屬于較少(shao)的。在蘭銀官(guan)話中古(gu)入聲清音和次濁(zhuo)聲母字今讀去聲。
江(jiang)淮官(guan)話(hua)分(fen)布(bu)于今(jin)江(jiang)蘇(su)和安(an)徽(hui)的(de)大部(bu)、湖北局部(bu)、江(jiang)西(xi)部(bu)分(fen)地區(qu)等地，江(jiang)淮官(guan)話(hua)使用人(ren)口(kou)大約為7000萬，其中主要分(fen)布(bu)于安(an)徽(hui)省(sheng)除(chu)蚌(bang)埠的(de)長江(jiang)以北地區(qu)、鎮江(jiang)以西(xi)九(jiu)江(jiang)以東(dong)的(de)長江(jiang)南岸沿江(jiang)一(yi)帶。江(jiang)淮官(guan)話(hua)自東(dong)向西(xi)分(fen)為通泰片、洪巢(chao)片、黃孝片。
西(xi)南(nan)官話(hua)(hua)(hua)是流行于中國(guo)西(xi)南(nan)部(bu)(bu)四(si)川、重慶(qing)、貴(gui)州、云南(nan)、湖北(bei)(bei)，以(yi)及(ji)鄰近(jin)的(de)廣(guang)西(xi)壯(zhuang)族自(zi)治區(qu)北(bei)(bei)部(bu)(bu)、湖南(nan)省(sheng)西(xi)部(bu)(bu)、陜西(xi)省(sheng)南(nan)部(bu)(bu)、緬甸果(guo)敢的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)語(yu)(yu)言，在老撾、越南(nan)等地也(ye)有(you)(you)(you)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)華人使用。西(xi)南(nan)官話(hua)(hua)(hua)在緬甸撣(dan)邦第一(yi)(yi)特區(qu)（果(guo)敢）具有(you)(you)(you)官方(fang)地位，是僅(jin)有(you)(you)(you)的(de)3個具有(you)(you)(you)官方(fang)地位的(de)漢語(yu)(yu)分(fen)(fen)支之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)。西(xi)南(nan)官話(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)特征是古入聲不分(fen)(fen)化(hua)，整(zheng)體保留或(huo)整(zheng)體混入它調（陽平(ping)、陰平(ping)或(huo)去(qu)聲）。《中國(guo)語(yu)(yu)言地圖集》中將西(xi)南(nan)官話(hua)(hua)(hua)分(fen)(fen)為十二片，其通常(chang)也(ye)可按(an)照地域分(fen)(fen)為四(si)川話(hua)(hua)(hua)、重慶(qing)話(hua)(hua)(hua)、貴(gui)州話(hua)(hua)(hua)、云南(nan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)、桂柳話(hua)(hua)(hua)、湖北(bei)(bei)話(hua)(hua)(hua)等。
①塞音和(he)塞擦音聲(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)大都有清(qing)(qing)聲(sheng)(sheng)送(song)(song)氣(qi)(qi)與清(qing)(qing)聲(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)送(song)(song)氣(qi)(qi)之分，而沒有清(qing)(qing)聲(sheng)(sheng)與濁(zhuo)(zhuo)聲(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)對(dui)立，反映出清(qing)(qing)聲(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)多而濁(zhuo)(zhuo)聲(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)少的(de)(de)特點(dian)。古全濁(zhuo)(zhuo)聲(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)字(zi)在現代官話(hua)方言各支系中幾乎都念(nian)(nian)為清(qing)(qing)聲(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)字(zi)，很少例(li)外。一般古全濁(zhuo)(zhuo)平(ping)聲(sheng)(sheng)念(nian)(nian)送(song)(song)氣(qi)(qi)清(qing)(qing)聲(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)，古全濁(zhuo)(zhuo)仄聲(sheng)(sheng)念(nian)(nian)不(bu)送(song)(song)氣(qi)(qi)清(qing)(qing)聲(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)。不(bu)過值得一提的(de)(de)是(shi)湘西(xi)(xi)一些西(xi)(xi)南官話(hua)保(bao)留了全濁(zhuo)(zhuo)音。
②韻母方面最突(tu)出(chu)的特點是輔音韻尾(wei)比較少。
③聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)方(fang)(fang)面最突出(chu)的(de)特點(dian)(dian)是(shi)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)類的(de)數目比(bi)較少(shao)。除江(jiang)淮官(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)、西(xi)南(nan)(nan)官(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)岷江(jiang)小(xiao)片、華(hua)北(bei)(bei)(bei)官(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)中(zhong)河南(nan)(nan)黃河以(yi)(yi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)、西(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)官(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)中(zhong)山(shan)西(xi)南(nan)(nan)端(duan)、陜(shan)西(xi)的(de)陜(shan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)及(ji)內蒙古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)西(xi)部部分(fen)(fen)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)有入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)外(wai)，其余(yu)各(ge)(ge)(ge)地(di)(di)官(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)大(da)都(dou)沒(mei)有入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)。整個(ge)官(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)區(qu)(qu)的(de)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)以(yi)(yi)4～5個(ge)為(wei)最多(duo)，尤以(yi)(yi)4個(ge)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)最普遍(bian)，少(shao)于4個(ge)或多(duo)于 5個(ge)的(de)都(dou)比(bi)較少(shao)。古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)四(si)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)中(zhong)，平(ping)(ping)(ping)、上(shang)、去(qu)(qu)(qu)三聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)在(zai)各(ge)(ge)(ge)地(di)(di)官(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)中(zhong)的(de)分(fen)(fen)化(hua)、發展(zhan)情(qing)況大(da)體相似，即(ji)：古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)清(qing)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)(mu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)各(ge)(ge)(ge)官(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)大(da)都(dou)念(nian)為(wei)陰(yin)平(ping)(ping)(ping)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)包、周、基(ji)、夫、甘、尊(zun)、當、江(jiang)、光等；古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)濁(zhuo)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)(mu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)各(ge)(ge)(ge)地(di)(di)官(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)大(da)都(dou)念(nian)為(wei)陽平(ping)(ping)(ping)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)爬、徒、鋤(chu)、奇、條(tiao)、林、沉、群、同、紅等；古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)上(shang)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)清(qing)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)(mu)和(he)次濁(zhuo)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)(mu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)各(ge)(ge)(ge)地(di)(di)官(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)大(da)都(dou)念(nian)為(wei)上(shang)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)補(bu)、早、膽(dan)、粉、黨、井、榜、選、暖、染、老等；古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)上(shang)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)全(quan)濁(zhuo)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)(mu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)和(he)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)去(qu)(qu)(qu)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)，各(ge)(ge)(ge)地(di)(di)官(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)多(duo)念(nian)去(qu)(qu)(qu)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)上(shang)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)全(quan)濁(zhuo)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)(mu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)部、父(fu)、道(dao)、憤、蕩和(he)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)去(qu)(qu)(qu)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)過、怕、步、帶(dai)、共、耀等。古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)在(zai)官(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)中(zhong)的(de)念(nian)法(fa)比(bi)較復雜，除江(jiang)淮官(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)、西(xi)南(nan)(nan)官(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)岷江(jiang)小(xiao)片及(ji)西(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)官(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)中(zhong)山(shan)西(xi)、陜(shan)西(xi)部分(fen)(fen)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)、華(hua)北(bei)(bei)(bei)官(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)中(zhong)黃河以(yi)(yi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)河南(nan)(nan)省部分(fen)(fen)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)保留入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)自(zi)成調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)類外(wai)，其余(yu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)消(xiao)(xiao)失的(de)各(ge)(ge)(ge)地(di)(di)官(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)，古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)歸(gui)(gui)屬(shu)各(ge)(ge)(ge)不(bu)相同。大(da)致說(shuo)來，華(hua)北(bei)(bei)(bei)官(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)跟北(bei)(bei)(bei)京話(hua)(hua)(hua)一(yi)樣，入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)消(xiao)(xiao)失后入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)的(de)字(zi)(zi)(zi)分(fen)(fen)派(pai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)、上(shang)、去(qu)(qu)(qu)各(ge)(ge)(ge)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，即(ji)所謂"入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)派(pai)三聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)":全(quan)濁(zhuo)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)(mu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)歸(gui)(gui)陽平(ping)(ping)(ping)，次濁(zhuo)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)(mu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)歸(gui)(gui)去(qu)(qu)(qu)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，清(qing)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)(mu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)分(fen)(fen)派(pai)到陰(yin)平(ping)(ping)(ping)、陽平(ping)(ping)(ping)、上(shang)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、去(qu)(qu)(qu)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)各(ge)(ge)(ge)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)中(zhong)去(qu)(qu)(qu)；少(shao)數地(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)（如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)濟南(nan)(nan)、大(da)連）與(yu)北(bei)(bei)(bei)京略有不(bu)同：古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)清(qing)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)(mu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)或全(quan)歸(gui)(gui) 陰(yin)平(ping)(ping)(ping)（如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)濟南(nan)(nan)），或全(quan)歸(gui)(gui)上(shang)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)（如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)大(da)連）。西(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)官(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)沒(mei)有入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)地(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)字(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)分(fen)(fen)派(pai)有兩種情(qing)況：或是(shi)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)全(quan)濁(zhuo)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)(mu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)歸(gui)(gui)陽平(ping)(ping)(ping)，其余(yu)歸(gui)(gui)陰(yin)平(ping)(ping)(ping)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)西(xi)安；或是(shi)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)全(quan)濁(zhuo)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)(mu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)歸(gui)(gui)陽平(ping)(ping)(ping)，其余(yu)歸(gui)(gui)去(qu)(qu)(qu)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)蘭州。西(xi)南(nan)(nan)官(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)（除灌赤片和(he)其他部分(fen)(fen)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)點(dian)(dian)外(wai)）古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)分(fen)(fen)派(pai)最為(wei)劃一(yi)：只(zhi)要是(shi)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)(zi)，不(bu)論聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)(mu)是(shi)什(shen)么，一(yi)律念(nian)陽平(ping)(ping)(ping)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)，幾乎(hu)沒(mei)有例外(wai)。
官話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)匯(hui)(hui)和現代漢(han)民族(zu)共同(tong)語(yu)普通(tong)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)匯(hui)(hui)大同(tong)小異(yi)。官話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)中通(tong)行范(fan)圍比(bi)較廣的(de)(de)語(yu)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)，大都(dou)(dou)已進(jin)入(ru)共同(tong)語(yu)，作為基本(ben)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)匯(hui)(hui)，沒能為共同(tong)語(yu)吸(xi)收的(de)(de)官話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)，大都(dou)(dou)只(zhi)流行于(yu)某一個(ge)官話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)片或(huo)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)小片，南(nan)北各地官話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)在詞(ci)(ci)(ci)匯(hui)(hui)上的(de)(de)差(cha)異(yi)，比(bi)官話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)和其(qi)他(ta)各大方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)間的(de)(de)差(cha)異(yi)小。但官話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)通(tong)行范(fan)圍如此(ci)遼闊(kuo)，有(you)的(de)(de)地方(fang)(fang)也(ye)有(you)與眾(zhong)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)語(yu)。例如北京(jing)土話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)"二乎"意(yi)為"猶疑"，"咋呼(hu)(hu)(hu)"意(yi)為"囂張"，"沖道"意(yi)為"敢做(zuo)敢說(shuo)";天(tian)津話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)"廣"意(yi)為"打","老公"意(yi)為"烏鴉"，"罷了"意(yi)為"了不(bu)(bu)起"；西(xi)安(an)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)"瞎(xia)了"意(yi)為"浪(lang)費(fei)"、"糟踏";山東聊城話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)"毀"意(yi)為"打"；河(he)南(nan)洛陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)"連連兒(er)"意(yi)為"趕快(kuai)"。新鄉話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)用"亂"表(biao)示"住"，用"紅"表(biao)示"賣力氣(qi)"；成都(dou)(dou)、昆(kun)明(ming)等(deng)地"聊天(tian)"說(shuo)成"擺(bai)龍(long)門(men)陣"，武漢(han)、重慶(qing)等(deng)地"倒霉"說(shuo)成"背時"，"可憐"說(shuo)成"造孽"；……如此(ci)等(deng)等(deng)，都(dou)(dou)各具一格。"太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)"一詞(ci)(ci)(ci)在官話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)區有(you)各種不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)稱(cheng)呼(hu)(hu)(hu)：北京(jing)、保定稱(cheng)"老爺兒(er)"(北京(jing)也(ye)稱(cheng)"太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)")，沈陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)、西(xi)安(an)稱(cheng)"日(ri)頭(tou)(tou)"，太(tai)原、呼(hu)(hu)(hu)和浩特稱(cheng)"陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)婆",合肥稱(cheng)"熱頭(tou)(tou)",成都(dou)(dou)、武漢(han)、昆(kun)明(ming)稱(cheng)"太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)";光(guang)是河(he)北一省，對(dui)"太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)"的(de)(de)稱(cheng)呼(hu)(hu)(hu)就(jiu)有(you)"老爺兒(er)、爺爺兒(er)、爺爺、日(ri)頭(tou)(tou)、日(ri)頭(tou)(tou)爺、日(ri)頭(tou)(tou)影兒(er)、陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)婆兒(er)、陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)婆、前天(tian)爺、佛爺兒(er)"等(deng)等(deng)，可見詞(ci)(ci)(ci)匯(hui)(hui)上的(de)(de)分(fen)歧，即使是在官話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)內(nei)部，仍然不(bu)(bu)容忽視。官話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)匯(hui)(hui)跟其(qi)他(ta)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)比(bi)較，還顯示出以下(xia)一些特色(se)：
①雙音(yin)(yin)節(jie)(jie)詞(ci)(ci)特別占優勢。雙音(yin)(yin)節(jie)(jie)詞(ci)(ci)在(zai)(zai)漢語中是(shi)整個詞(ci)(ci)匯里占比重最大的(de)一部分，在(zai)(zai)官(guan)話(hua)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)中表現得尤為突出，如許多在(zai)(zai)官(guan)話(hua)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)中加"子(zi)"而成為雙音(yin)(yin)節(jie)(jie)詞(ci)(ci)的(de)，在(zai)(zai)其他(ta)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)中往往是(shi)沒有"子(zi)"的(de)單音(yin)(yin)節(jie)(jie)詞(ci)(ci)，如"稻子(zi)"在(zai)(zai)南方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)或(huo)叫"稻"（吳(wu)(wu)(wu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、閩(min)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)），或(huo)叫"禾"（客(ke)家方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、湘(xiang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、贛(gan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、粵(yue)(yue)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)）；"谷子(zi)"在(zai)(zai)南方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)或(huo)叫"谷"（吳(wu)(wu)(wu)、湘(xiang)、贛(gan)、客(ke)家、粵(yue)(yue)等方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)），或(huo)叫"粟"（閩(min)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)）；"相(xiang)片"一詞(ci)(ci)官(guan)話(hua)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)區(qu)各地大都叫"相(xiang)片"或(huo)"相(xiang)片兒",而南方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)各方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，除客(ke)、贛(gan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)仍用雙音(yin)(yin)節(jie)(jie)"相(xiang)片"外，吳(wu)(wu)(wu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、粵(yue)(yue)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、閩(min)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)都是(shi)單音(yin)(yin)節(jie)(jie)詞(ci)(ci)，或(huo)叫"照"(吳(wu)(wu)(wu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)蘇州話(hua)），或(huo)叫"相(xiang)"（粵(yue)(yue)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、閩(min)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)）。
②古(gu)代(dai)語(yu)詞(ci)保(bao)留(liu)(liu)(liu)得比較少。盡管每(mei)個(ge)漢(han)語(yu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)都(dou)繼承了(le)不少古(gu)代(dai)漢(han)語(yu)的(de)(de)(de)語(yu)詞(ci)，但是相對(dui)而(er)(er)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，官(guan)(guan)(guan)話方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)區各(ge)地方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)保(bao)留(liu)(liu)(liu)古(gu)語(yu)詞(ci)的(de)(de)(de)現象比較少。例如(ru)"眼睛(jing)"一(yi)(yi)詞(ci)，官(guan)(guan)(guan)話方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)區各(ge)地大都(dou)說(shuo)(shuo)"眼睛(jing)",而(er)(er)閩(min)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)至今仍叫"目",粵方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)仍叫"眼"，保(bao)留(liu)(liu)(liu)了(le)古(gu)代(dai)漢(han)語(yu)對(dui)這一(yi)(yi)人體器官(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)名(ming)稱；又(you)如(ru)"站(zhan)立(li)"一(yi)(yi)詞(ci)，除(chu)官(guan)(guan)(guan)話方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)區及湘方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)外(wai)，吳方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)叫"立(li)"，閩(min)、粵、客(ke)家、贛等方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)叫"企"，都(dou)沿用(yong)了(le)古(gu)代(dai)漢(han)語(yu)的(de)(de)(de)說(shuo)(shuo)法(fa)(fa)；此外(wai)，還有(you)一(yi)(yi)批極常見(jian)的(de)(de)(de)生活用(yong)詞(ci)，南方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)各(ge)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)保(bao)留(liu)(liu)(liu)了(le)古(gu)代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)說(shuo)(shuo)法(fa)(fa)，而(er)(er)官(guan)(guan)(guan)話方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)則(ze)采用(yong)了(le)跟現代(dai)漢(han)語(yu)普通話一(yi)(yi)致的(de)(de)(de)說(shuo)(shuo)法(fa)(fa)。如(ru)"看(kan)"是官(guan)(guan)(guan)話方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)普遍通用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)；而(er)(er)粵方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、閩(min)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)（部分(fen)地區）卻用(yong)古(gu)代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)語(yu)詞(ci)"睇"。
③外(wai)(wai)來(lai)(lai)借(jie)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)比(bi)較少(shao)(shao)。和南(nan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)諸(zhu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)比(bi)較，官(guan)話(hua)方(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)中(zhong)外(wai)(wai)來(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)借(jie)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)比(bi)較少(shao)(shao)。南(nan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)閩(min)、粵(yue)(yue)等地向(xiang)來(lai)(lai)為(wei)出(chu)海門戶，與(yu)(yu)外(wai)(wai)國接觸(chu)多(duo)，方(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)中(zhong)較易借(jie)入外(wai)(wai)語(yu)語(yu)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)，如閩(min)方(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)中(zhong)借(jie)入不少(shao)(shao)印度(du)尼西亞 -馬(ma)來(lai)(lai)語(yu)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)，粵(yue)(yue)方(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)中(zhong)借(jie)入不少(shao)(shao)英(ying)語(yu)語(yu)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)。有(you)時候同(tong)一個事物(wu)，官(guan)話(hua)方(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)與(yu)(yu)南(nan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)各方(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)卻采用(yong)不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)語(yu)來(lai)(lai)表達，顯示(shi)出(chu)"舶(bo)來(lai)(lai)"詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)與(yu)(yu)"土產"詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)的(de)(de)(de)差別。例如"水(shui)泥"一詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)，粵(yue)(yue)方(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)區有(you)人叫(jiao)"士敏土",吳方(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)叫(jiao)"水(shui)門汀"，都(dou)是英(ying)語(yu)cement的(de)(de)(de)譯(yi)音；閩(min)方(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)叫(jiao)"番家(jia)灰(hui)"、"紅毛灰(hui)"之類，也顯示(shi)出(chu)外(wai)(wai)來(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)色彩，而官(guan)話(hua)方(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)大多(duo)數和共同(tong)語(yu)一樣用(yong)"水(shui)泥"(部分地方(fang)(fang)(fang)叫(jiao)"洋灰(hui)")則是地道(dao)的(de)(de)(de)漢(han)語(yu)語(yu)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)。又如照相用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)"膠卷",官(guan)話(hua)方(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)各地都(dou)叫(jiao)"膠卷"，而粵(yue)(yue)方(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)、閩(min)方(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)、客家(jia)方(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)卻都(dou)采用(yong)英(ying)語(yu)film的(de)(de)(de)譯(yi)音詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)"菲林"。
④語(yu)氣(qi)(qi)詞(ci)比(bi)(bi)較少(shao)，用法比(bi)(bi)較概括(kuo)。和(he)南(nan)方各方言(yan)比(bi)(bi)較，官(guan)話方言(yan)的(de)語(yu)氣(qi)(qi)詞(ci)比(bi)(bi)較少(shao)，用法更(geng)加(jia)概括(kuo)，分工不那么細。例(li)如常見的(de)語(yu)氣(qi)(qi)詞(ci)"呢(ni)、嗎、啊"之類，官(guan)話方言(yan)跟共同語(yu)是一致(zhi)的(de)，而(er)南(nan)方吳(wu)、粵(yue)等(deng)方言(yan)的(de)語(yu)氣(qi)(qi)詞(ci)則豐(feng)富得多(duo)。
語法方面 比較突出的特點(dian)是：
①構詞(ci)方面，修飾性的詞(ci)素(su)(su)一般(ban)在(zai)前(qian)。如(ru)除西南官話(hua)偶(ou)有"雞(ji)公"、"雞(ji)母(mu)"一類(lei)說法(fa)外，各地官話(hua)大都是"公雞(ji)"、"母(mu)雞(ji)"、"客人(ren)"、"拖鞋"等說法(fa)，不(bu)象南方某(mou)些方言把修飾性的詞(ci)素(su)(su)加在(zai)后面。如(ru)"雞(ji)公"、 "人(ren)客"、"鞋拖"（閩(min)方言）之(zhi)類(lei)。
②運(yun)用語(yu)音(yin)內部(bu)屈折變(bian)化表現語(yu)法(fa)意(yi)義(yi)的現象比較少。除個別地方(fang)(fang)(fang)外(wai)，官話方(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)很少有語(yu)法(fa)學上所謂"構形法(fa)",即"狹義(yi)形態"的東西(xi)，粵方(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)、閩方(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)用變(bian)音(yin)的方(fang)(fang)(fang)式來表現某種語(yu)法(fa)意(yi)義(yi)的現象在官話方(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)中很少見。
③結構(gou)助(zhu)詞"的(de)(de)(de)、地(di)、得(de)(de)"的(de)(de)(de)運(yun)用(yong)(yong)。官(guan)話(hua)方(fang)言中不少地(di)方(fang)有(you)結構(gou)助(zhu)詞"的(de)(de)(de)、地(di)、得(de)(de)"，用(yong)(yong)途各不相(xiang)同(tong)。這幾(ji)個(ge)結構(gou)助(zhu)詞以北方(fang)官(guan)話(hua)用(yong)(yong)得(de)(de)最普遍，已進入共(gong)同(tong)語的(de)(de)(de)語法(fa)體(ti)系中。在官(guan)話(hua)以外的(de)(de)(de)南方(fang)各大方(fang)言中，卻很(hen)少見(jian)，就是有(you)類似的(de)(de)(de)結構(gou)助(zhu)詞，也不象官(guan)話(hua)方(fang)言那樣"的(de)(de)(de)、地(di)、得(de)(de)"分(fen)工明確(que)，用(yong)(yong)法(fa)不混。
④重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)疊(die)(die)(die)(die)(die)式的(de)(de)(de)運用(yong)范圍(wei)相當廣。官(guan)話方(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)疊(die)(die)(die)(die)(die)式內容相當豐富(fu)，使用(yong)范圍(wei)相當廣泛。例如(ru)親屬稱(cheng)呼(hu)，南(nan)(nan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)閩、粵(yue)、客(ke)家、吳等方(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)一般都(dou)不用(yong)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)疊(die)(die)(die)(die)(die)式，多用(yong)單音節(jie)(jie)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)素前加"阿(a)"來(lai)稱(cheng)呼(hu)，如(ru)"阿(a)爸"、"阿(a)弟"、"阿(a)嫂"之類。而在(zai)(zai)官(guan)話方(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)中，則普遍用(yong)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)疊(die)(die)(die)(die)(die)音節(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式來(lai)稱(cheng)呼(hu)人，如(ru)"哥(ge)哥(ge)"、"舅(jiu)舅(jiu)"、"爸爸"、"嫂嫂"、 "叔(shu)叔(shu)"之類。又如(ru)某些常用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)名詞(ci)(ci)(ci)，在(zai)(zai)南(nan)(nan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)各(ge)方(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)中是不能(neng)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)疊(die)(die)(die)(die)(die)的(de)(de)(de)，在(zai)(zai)官(guan)話方(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)中卻(que)以重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)疊(die)(die)(die)(die)(die)的(de)(de)(de)形式出現，如(ru)"星星"一詞(ci)(ci)(ci)。在(zai)(zai)西(xi)南(nan)(nan)官(guan)話、西(xi)北(bei)官(guan)話中，重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)疊(die)(die)(die)(die)(die)表示附(fu)加的(de)(de)(de)小義(yi)。如(ru)成都(dou)話"盤(pan)盤(pan)"意為"盤(pan)兒","眼(yan)眼(yan)"意為"眼(yan)兒"。"豆(dou)豆(dou)"意為"豆(dou)兒",西(xi)安(an)(an)話"帽帽"意為"帽兒"。西(xi)北(bei)官(guan)話有(you)的(de)(de)(de)地方(fang)(fang)(fang)量詞(ci)(ci)(ci)和指(zhi)示詞(ci)(ci)(ci)也可以重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)疊(die)(die)(die)(die)(die)，如(ru)西(xi)安(an)(an)話度量詞(ci)(ci)(ci)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)疊(die)(die)(die)(die)(die)表示計量方(fang)(fang)(fang)式："這(zhe)米不賣(mai)升(sheng)(sheng)升(sheng)(sheng)"(不按升(sheng)(sheng)賣(mai)）；指(zhi)示詞(ci)(ci)(ci)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)疊(die)(die)(die)(die)(die)表示所(suo)指(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)具體位置："你的(de)(de)(de)站在(zai)(zai)這(zhe)這(zhe)等著(zhu)"（你們站在(zai)(zai)這(zhe)兒等著(zhu)），這(zhe)些重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)疊(die)(die)(die)(die)(die)的(de)(de)(de)用(yong)法在(zai)(zai)南(nan)(nan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)各(ge)大方(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)中都(dou)是沒有(you)的(de)(de)(de)。
⑤量詞(ci)的(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)比較概(gai)括。官話(hua)方(fang)言中(zhong)最常用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)量詞(ci)"個(ge)"用(yong)途很(hen)廣，可以用(yong)在(zai)許多事物(wu)上(shang)面，虛的(de)(de)(de)實的(de)(de)(de)，都能和" 個(ge) "配搭(da)。稱人一般在(zai)官話(hua)方(fang)言中(zhong)用(yong)"個(ge)"和"位"（尊稱），而在(zai)其他各(ge)大方(fang)言中(zhong)，卻(que)用(yong)各(ge)種不(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)量詞(ci)，并往往在(zai)量詞(ci)的(de)(de)(de)選用(yong)中(zhong)體現出一定的(de)(de)(de)感情色彩和修辭風格。例如粵方(fang)言，既有"這(zhe)位先生"、"那(nei)個(ge) 同學"等合乎規范(fan)的(de)(de)(de)叫法，而在(zai)某些場合， "呢條老(lao)坑"(這(zhe)個(ge)老(lao)頭兒）等指人量詞(ci)的(de)(de)(de)獨(du)特用(yong)法。
⑥官(guan)話方(fang)言中一個(ge)句子里可出現兩個(ge)"了(le)(le)"字，前(qian)者表示動作、行(xing)為的完(wan)成(cheng)，后者作為句末的語(yu)氣詞(ci)。如(ru)："他吃了(le)(le)飯了(le)(le)"，這種用(yong)法在南(nan)方(fang)各(ge)方(fang)言中比較少(shao)見。
⑦表(biao)示被(bei)動的介詞比較多。在(zai)被(bei)動句里，表(biao)被(bei)動的詞在(zai)官話方言中除了(le)用(yong)"被(bei)"以外(wai)，還可以用(yong)"給(gei)"（他給(gei)人罵(ma)了(le)）、"受"（小張受人欺(qi)負）、"讓"（老鼠(shu)讓貓逮(dai)住了(le)）、"叫(jiao)（教）"（我今天叫(jiao)雨淋了(le)一場(chang)）等。
⑧官話方言(yan)疑問句(ju)(ju)有兩類不同的(de)格式(shi)。一(yi)(yi)類是北方官話用的(de)，跟(gen)共同語(yu)一(yi)(yi)樣，有"是什(shen)么？""好嗎？""是不是？"等句(ju)(ju)式(shi)；另一(yi)(yi)類是西(xi)北官話、西(xi)南官話（云南、貴州）及(ji)江(jiang)淮官話用的(de)，跟(gen)共同語(yu)不一(yi)(yi)樣，有"ke（果）是？（或'可是'？）""ke（果）好？""是不？"等句(ju)(ju)式(shi)。
