金陵(ling)遺址(zhi)位于北京市房山區(qu)車廠(chang)村至龍門(men)口一(yi)帶的云峰(feng)山下,距(ju)市區(qu)48公里。云峰(feng)山又(you)稱九龍山,因其有(you)九條山脊如九龍奔(ben)騰而得名。共(gong)葬金代“始祖”至章宗17個皇帝、后妃(fei)及(ji)諸王,是北京地區(qu)第一(yi)個皇陵(ling),比(bi)明十三陵(ling)早(zao)約200年。
中文名(ming)稱 金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)遺址(zhi) 地(di)理位置 北京(jing)房山區 氣候(hou)類(lei)型 溫帶大(da)陸性氣候(hou) 類(lei) 型 帝(di)王陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)墓對于金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling),史(shi)書記載不多。金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)海陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)王完顏(yan)亮從貞(zhen)元三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1155)三(san)月開(kai)始(shi)至十(shi)月,在云峰(feng)寺舊址(zhi)建(jian)3個墓穴,安葬(zang)了他以前(qian)的3個皇帝(di)。第(di)二年(nian)(nian)(nian)又將金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)朝建(jian)國之前(qian)的10個祖先(xian)之靈(ling)遷來此地(di)安葬(zang),各(ge)立稱號。至章(zhang)宗末年(nian)(nian)(nian),金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)各(ge)地(di)下宮殿和地(di)上建(jian)筑(zhu)均已建(jian)成(cheng)。金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)區分(fen)帝(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、妃陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)及諸王兆域(yu)三(san)部分(fen)。大(da)定年(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)界為78公里,大(da)安年(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian)為64公里。陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)域(yu)設有(you)(you)圍墻,每隔一定距離建(jian)有(you)(you)土堡。金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)以后,陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)墓無人守(shou)護,地(di)上部分(fen)逐漸殘毀(hui)。明天(tian)啟(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian),因后金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)政權崛(jue)起,明皇惑于術士之說,認(ren)為后金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)興起與金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)“氣脈相(xiang)關”,遂(sui)拆毀(hui)了金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)地(di)上建(jian)筑(zhu)。清初對有(you)(you)的陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)墓進行(xing)(xing)了修復(fu),還特設守(shou)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)戶,春秋至祭(ji)。乾(qian)隆時又進行(xing)(xing)修復(fu),但后來遭到嚴重(zhong)損壞(huai),金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)地(di)上部分(fen)幾乎無跡。從1986年(nian)(nian)(nian)開(kai)始(shi),北京(jing)市文物部門對金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)進行(xing)(xing)踏勘,測(ce)定出金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)在大(da)房山支脈云峰(feng)山的具體位置,找到金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)睿宗的景陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)。
金陵有山有水,地(di)域遼闊(kuo),風(feng)水甚佳,又是中國少數(shu)民(min)族主政的一代(dai)帝王常有意義的。