書(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)布局(ju)因地制宜(yi),門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)西(xi)(xi)朝東(dong)(取紫氣東(dong)來之意),兩(liang)層(ceng),高(gao)約(yue)(yue)10米(mi),青(qing)磚(zhuan)砌筑(zhu),鑊蓋耳(er),風(feng)火山(shan)墻(qiang)(qiang),綠簡瓦(wa)(wa),灰塑瓦(wa)(wa)脊,綠琉璃(li)(li)瓦(wa)(wa)剪邊,門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)上石(shi)(shi)額“何家祠(ci)道”。過門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)庭園,面(mian)積(ji)約(yue)(yue)140平方米(mi)。庭園南(nan)面(mian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)照壁,北(bei)面(mian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)書(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)主體(ti)建(jian)筑(zhu)正(zheng)祠(ci)及兩(liang)側(ce)書(shu)(shu)一(yi)(yi)舍(she)。正(zheng)祠(ci)座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)北(bei)朝南(nan),為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)三(san)(san)(san)進(jin)式。前(qian)座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)頭(tou)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),寬11.75米(mi),深構7.5米(mi),為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)面(mian)寬三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)。步上三(san)(san)(san)臺石(shi)(shi)階,有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)般祠(ci)堂所常見(jian)的(de)方形(xing)石(shi)(shi)柱(zhu),兩(liang)側(ce)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)麻石(shi)(shi)平臺,進(jin)2米(mi)后(hou)至大(da)(da)(da)(da)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)上有(you)(you)(you)花崗巖(yan)石(shi)(shi)額,上刻(ke)(ke)“廬江(jiang)書(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)”(見(jian)圖片)。中(zhong)(zhong)墻(qiang)(qiang)上端有(you)(you)(you)“必得其(qi)壽(shou)”彩繪,頭(tou)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)后(hou)亦(yi)有(you)(you)(you)兩(liang)根(gen)方形(xing)石(shi)(shi)柱(zhu),并以中(zhong)(zhong)心分墻(qiang)(qiang)分別承(cheng)重(zhong)十(shi)三(san)(san)(san)梁架(jia)。墻(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)水磨青(qing)磚(zhuan)對(dui)縫砌筑(zhu),墀頭(tou)處有(you)(you)(you)磚(zhuan)雕(diao),綠琉璃(li)(li)瓦(wa)(wa)下有(you)(you)(you)漆金木雕(diao)橫(heng)披,硬山(shan)頂上正(zheng)脊為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)博(bo)古(gu)(gu)灰塑瓦(wa)(wa)脊。整座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)頭(tou)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)嚴而華(hua)麗。頭(tou)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)井(jing)(jing)長約(yue)(yue)7.5米(mi),左右兩(liang)側(ce)皆(jie)(jie)有(you)(you)(you)廊廡。二座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)(zhong)堂闊11.8米(mi),進(jin)深8.8米(mi),前(qian)后(hou)各有(you)(you)(you)4根(gen)方形(xing)石(shi)(shi)柱(zhu),堂中(zhong)(zhong)亦(yi)有(you)(you)(you)4根(gen)直徑10厘米(mi)的(de)坤甸木柱(zhu),托起十(shi)三(san)(san)(san)架(jia)梁。堂前(qian)后(hou)皆(jie)(jie)有(you)(you)(you)出卷棚廊及接(jie)天井(jing)(jing)的(de)廊廡。前(qian)廊架(jia)雕(diao)博(bo)古(gu)(gu)紋飾,古(gu)(gu)樸(pu)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)重(zhong),堂內(nei)施金線形(xing)通(tong)(tong)花木雕(diao)橫(heng)披,華(hua)貴(gui)、精(jing)巧,整座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)(zhong)堂給人以華(hua)美、尊貴(gui)、通(tong)(tong)透明(ming)亮之感。中(zhong)(zhong)堂后(hou)的(de)天井(jing)(jing)約(yue)(yue)6米(mi)長,兩(liang)邊廊廡嵌有(you)(you)(you)南(nan)宋至清廣東(dong)何氏(shi)宗族世(shi)系及鼎建(jian)、重(zhong)修(xiu)廬江(jiang)書(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)的(de)12方碑(bei)刻(ke)(ke)。過天井(jing)(jing)則至三(san)(san)(san)座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)后(hou)堂。后(hou)堂于三(san)(san)(san)座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)最為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)高(gao)大(da)(da)(da)(da),寬、深各12米(mi),兩(liang)側(ce)風(feng)火山(shan)墻(qiang)(qiang)高(gao)13米(mi),進(jin)深亦(yi)各三(san)(san)(san)間(jian),堂前(qian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)2根(gen)方形(xing)石(shi)(shi)柱(zhu),堂內(nei)4根(gen)坤甸大(da)(da)(da)(da)柱(zhu),堂后(hou)的(de)墻(qiang)(qiang)壁上供(gong)奉(feng)著祭(ji)祀(si)神(shen)龕。整座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)大(da)(da)(da)(da)堂,高(gao)大(da)(da)(da)(da)、寬敞、肅(su)穆,是舉(ju)行(xing)重(zhong)大(da)(da)(da)(da)祭(ji)典的(de)場所。書(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)主體(ti)建(jian)筑(zhu)兩(liang)側(ce)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)東(dong)、西(xi)(xi)書(shu)(shu)舍(she),以青(qing)云巷與天井(jing)(jing)廊廡有(you)(you)(you)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)相通(tong)(tong)。東(dong)面(mian)書(shu)(shu)舍(she)一(yi)(yi)排9間(jian),魁樓(lou)(lou)(lou)一(yi)(yi)座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。西(xi)(xi)面(mian)書(shu)(shu)舍(she)三(san)(san)(san)排共(gong)25間(jian),其(qi)余書(shu)(shu)舍(she)房間(jian)共(gong)12間(jian),舍(she)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)石(shi)(shi)額分別刻(ke)(ke)有(you)(you)(you)各縣、鄉(xiang)名稱,如(ru)“新(xin)會房”、“恩平房”、“龍塘房”等有(you)(you)(you)43間(jian)。其(qi)余皆(jie)(jie)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)附祠(ci)用(yong)房。東(dong)側(ce)書(shu)(shu)舍(she)內(nei)有(you)(you)(you)魁星樓(lou)(lou)(lou),亦(yi)稱“登(deng)云樓(lou)(lou)(lou)”,樓(lou)(lou)(lou)寬4.3米(mi),深4.5米(mi),高(gao)三(san)(san)(san)層(ceng),鑊耳(er)狀風(feng)火山(shan)墻(qiang)(qiang),正(zheng)脊置琉璃(li)(li)鏊魚寶(bao)珠,墻(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)上嵌有(you)(you)(you)石(shi)(shi)額兩(liang)幅,上塊題(ti)“文光射斗”,下塊曰(yue)“登(deng)云”。1993年修(xiu)繕時(shi)重(zhong)砌樓(lou)(lou)(lou)閣,把魁星樓(lou)(lou)(lou)改(gai)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)平頂樓(lou)(lou)(lou)。
廬江書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),始(shi)建于清(qing)嘉慶十三年(1808),占地1722平方(fang)米。書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)曾于道光、光緒年間兩(liang)度重修,其中(zhong),光緒年間的重修,耗(hao)費(fei)白銀二萬多兩(liang),書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)建筑之(zhi)(zhi)秀美和(he)裝(zhuang)飾之(zhi)(zhi)細膩(ni)仍令人稱嘆。曾是清(qing)代省內(nei)何氏家族(zu)子弟來廣州赴(fu)考時飲(yin)食(shi)起居和(he)溫習讀書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)地。該書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)舍(she)為(wei)三排以及南面個別書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)舍(she)(占地約1300平方(fang)米),整體建筑是大小(xiao)馬站、流水井宗(zong)族(zu)(祠(ci))書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)群中(zhong)保存相對完整的宗(zong)族(zu)(祠(ci))書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)之(zhi)(zhi)一。
廬江書院,1993年被(bei)廣州市(shi)人民政(zheng)府公布為(wei)文物保護單位。
廬江書(shu)(shu)(shu)院,是近(jin)代廣(guang)府(fu)何(he)氏(shi)的圖騰(teng)標(biao)志(zhi),是何(he)氏(shi)先輩(bei)在清朝(chao)聯合(he)廣(guang)州府(fu)及肇慶(qing)府(fu)的何(he)氏(shi)村落打造(zao)(zao)的“合(he)族(zu)(zu)祠書(shu)(shu)(shu)院建(jian)筑”。本書(shu)(shu)(shu)院保存完整,在中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)的明清書(shu)(shu)(shu)院中(zhong)(zhong)具有(you)代表性,也(ye)有(you)較高(gao)的歷(li)史研究價(jia)值,其建(jian)造(zao)(zao)模(mo)式(shi)及運營模(mo)式(shi)在中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)的書(shu)(shu)(shu)院群里(li)也(ye)別具特色(se)。廬江書(shu)(shu)(shu)院為國(guo)(guo)家民族(zu)(zu)輸送過很(hen)多愛國(guo)(guo)志(zhi)士,杰出英才。
自乾隆(long)后(hou)期(qi)至嘉慶年(nian)間,是廣(guang)東科舉考(kao)試.日漸繁盛的(de)時期(qi),亦是官(guan)學(xue)(xue)(xue)興盛時期(qi)。乾隆(long)五十六年(nian)(1791),廣(guang)州府(fu)集銀41000多兩重修廣(guang)州府(fu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)宮(今(jin)廣(guang)州市(shi)第一(yi)工(gong)人(ren)文化宮,簡稱(cheng)市(shi)一(yi)宮);嘉慶八年(nian)(1803)廣(guang)東布政使(shi)康基田在龍藏街改(gai)(gai)嶺南義學(xue)(xue)(xue)為羊(yang)石書院(后(hou)為府(fu)級的(de)羊(yang)城書院),又撥府(fu)銀將(jiang)位于今(jin)鹽運西街一(yi)帶的(de)南海義學(xue)(xue)(xue)改(gai)(gai)為西湖書院。有(you)名(ming)的(de)官(guan)辦書院,如粵秀(xiu)書院以(yi)前不收外(wai)(wai)課生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),此時亦增收外(wai)(wai)課生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)員40人(ren),童生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)10人(ren)(這些外(wai)(wai)宿(su)的(de)諸生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)每月均可領(ling)取1.8兩膏火費(fei),即生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活補(bu)助費(fei)和(he)有(you)參加(jia)官(guan)、師課考(kao)的(de)獎銀),越華書院正(zheng)課生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)額亦從30名(ming)增加(jia)到80至100名(ming),又增收外(wai)(wai)課生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)員36名(ming)和(he)童生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)24名(ming)。倘若遇(yu)上鄉試之年(nian),這些官(guan)辦書院還額外(wai)(wai)招(zhao)收正(zheng)課生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、外(wai)(wai)課生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)和(he)附課生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。
所以(yi),大小馬站(zhan)、流水井一帶,很多(duo)省內大姓(xing)宗(zong)族,多(duo)在嘉慶年(nian)間創建宗(zong)族(祠)書院(yuan),以(yi)助本(ben)族宗(zong)人到(dao)(dao)省城赴考爭取功(gong)名(ming),省內何氏宗(zong)族為了方(fang)便本(ben)族子弟到(dao)(dao)省城應(ying)試(shi),于是創建了這所廬江書院(yuan),并(bing)相應(ying)制定(ding)了很多(duo)規(gui)矩。