山(shan)(shan)東電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力集團(tuan)公(gong)司(si)將(jiang)在煙臺、濱(bin)州(zhou)(zhou)、日(ri)照等(deng)地建(jian)設(she)8座220千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)伏的風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)匯集站。據(ju)悉(xi),山(shan)(shan)東海(hai)(hai)上(shang)(shang)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)發展規(gui)劃已(yi)通過評審(shen)。根據(ju)評審(shen)初步結果,“十(shi)二(er)五(wu)”末(mo),山(shan)(shan)東全(quan)省風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)總裝機量要(yao)(yao)達(da)到(dao)(dao)800萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)以(yi)上(shang)(shang),“十(shi)三五(wu)”末(mo)達(da)到(dao)(dao)1500萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)。其(qi)中(zhong),規(gui)劃建(jian)設(she)海(hai)(hai)上(shang)(shang)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)級(ji)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)基地是未來重要(yao)(yao)工作部署,到(dao)(dao)2030將(jiang)年(nian)開發建(jian)設(she)魯北、萊(lai)州(zhou)(zhou)灣、渤(bo)中(zhong)、長(chang)島(dao)、半島(dao)北、半島(dao)南6個百萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)級(ji)海(hai)(hai)上(shang)(shang)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)基地,規(gui)劃總容(rong)量為(wei)1255萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa),到(dao)(dao)2015年(nian)力爭達(da)到(dao)(dao)200萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)、2020年(nian)達(da)到(dao)(dao)600萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)。目前(qian),山(shan)(shan)東省已(yi)并網的單個風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)規(gui)模一(yi)般在5萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)以(yi)下(xia),大(da)多(duo)就近(jin)接入(ru)(ru)(ru)110千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)伏及(ji)以(yi)下(xia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網。但是,在建(jian)及(ji)后續風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)開發規(gui)模大(da)多(duo)超過10萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa),部分項目達(da)到(dao)(dao)了(le)20萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)和30萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa),呈現集中(zhong)、連片開發態(tai)勢(shi),需要(yao)(yao)接入(ru)(ru)(ru)220千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)伏及(ji)以(yi)上(shang)(shang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網。此(ci)外,由(you)于(yu)風(feng)(feng)能資源(yuan)較(jiao)好的區域大(da)多(duo)位于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網末(mo)端,局部電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網接入(ru)(ru)(ru)條件有(you)限。因此(ci),山(shan)(shan)東電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力集團(tuan)公(gong)司(si)將(jiang)進一(yi)步加大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網建(jian)設(she)力度,規(gui)劃“十(shi)二(er)五(wu)”期間在煙臺的海(hai)(hai)陽和招遠、濱(bin)州(zhou)(zhou)的沾化、日(ri)照的莒縣(xian)、威海(hai)(hai)的乳山(shan)(shan)等(deng)地建(jian)設(she)8座220千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)伏風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)匯集站,滿足大(da)規(gui)模海(hai)(hai)上(shang)(shang)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的接入(ru)(ru)(ru)需要(yao)(yao)。
山東(dong)作為中國風(feng)能資源最豐富(fu)的(de)(de)(de)地(di)區(qu)(qu)之一,風(feng)能資源總量達到(dao)6700萬KW,主(zhu)要集中在(zai)半(ban)島(dao)沿(yan)岸地(di)區(qu)(qu)、海島(dao)和山區(qu)(qu)海拔(ba)較高的(de)(de)(de)平坦區(qu)(qu)域。三面環海的(de)(de)(de)山東(dong)半(ban)島(dao),在(zai)自然環境上(shang)具(ju)備建設大(da)型(xing)風(feng)力發(fa)電場(chang)的(de)(de)(de)基礎條(tiao)件。山東(dong)海上(shang)風(feng)能儲量比陸地(di)大(da),風(feng)速高,靜風(feng)期(qi)少,風(feng)電效率更高。
山東地(di)處(chu)東亞(ya)季(ji)(ji)(ji)風(feng)(feng)(feng)區,受季(ji)(ji)(ji)風(feng)(feng)(feng)和地(di)理環(huan)境的(de)綜合影響(xiang),盛(sheng)行(xing)(xing)風(feng)(feng)(feng)向(xiang)(xiang)的(de)季(ji)(ji)(ji)節變化即(ji)有(you)季(ji)(ji)(ji)風(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)流(liu)的(de)規律性(xing),也有(you)地(di)方性(xing)風(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)特點。冬季(ji)(ji)(ji)受蒙古冷(leng)(leng)高(gao)壓(ya)控制(zhi),大部地(di)區盛(sheng)行(xing)(xing)偏(pian)北風(feng)(feng)(feng);春(chun)季(ji)(ji)(ji)蒙古冷(leng)(leng)高(gao)壓(ya)勢力減弱(ruo),開始盛(sheng)行(xing)(xing)偏(pian)南(nan)風(feng)(feng)(feng);夏季(ji)(ji)(ji)受大陸熱低壓(ya)控制(zhi),大部地(di)區盛(sheng)行(xing)(xing)風(feng)(feng)(feng)向(xiang)(xiang)為南(nan)到東南(nan)風(feng)(feng)(feng);秋(qiu)季(ji)(ji)(ji)蒙古高(gao)壓(ya)迅速向(xiang)(xiang)南(nan)推進,夏季(ji)(ji)(ji)風(feng)(feng)(feng)退出,逐漸由夏季(ji)(ji)(ji)風(feng)(feng)(feng)轉為冬季(ji)(ji)(ji)風(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)形(xing)勢。風(feng)(feng)(feng)向(xiang)(xiang)的(de)口變化受地(di)形(xing)與地(di)理位置的(de)影響(xiang)很大,常表現(xian)為地(di)方性(xing)風(feng)(feng)(feng),使風(feng)(feng)(feng)向(xiang)(xiang)在(zai)一口之(zhi)中(zhong)有(you)規律地(di)轉換。
隨著環境(jing)污染逐漸演變為嚴重的(de)(de)社會隱患,新能源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)發展更加迫切。而我國(guo)的(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)能發電行業的(de)(de)發展已經建立一定基(ji)礎,具有(you)廣闊的(de)(de)拓展前景。同時,根(gen)據“十(shi)二(er)五”可(ke)再生能源(yuan)(yuan)規劃,2015年(nian)中國(guo)海(hai)上風(feng)(feng)(feng)力電裝機容量將達到500萬千(qian)瓦,2020年(nian)中國(guo)海(hai)上風(feng)(feng)(feng)電將達到3000萬千(qian)瓦。這些都使(shi)風(feng)(feng)(feng)力資源(yuan)(yuan)成為新能源(yuan)(yuan)發展的(de)(de)熱點。
而已經公布的(de)數據中,到(dao)(dao)2015年山東的(de)海(hai)上風電(dian)裝(zhuang)機總容量(liang)將達(da)到(dao)(dao)3GW;到(dao)(dao)2020年山東的(de)海(hai)上風電(dian)裝(zhuang)機容量(liang)將達(da)到(dao)(dao)7GW。從(cong)可再生能源規劃(hua)來(lai)(lai)看,山東將是中國(guo)海(hai)上風電(dian)未來(lai)(lai)最大的(de)潛(qian)在增長點之一(yi)。
風能(neng)資源(yuan)的多少主(zhu)要取決(jue)于風能(neng)密度和(he)可利(li)用的風能(neng)年累積小時數。
風(feng)能(neng)主要用有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)風(feng)速、有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)風(feng)速小時數、有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)風(feng)速頻率(lv)(lv)、有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)風(feng)能(neng)和(he)有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)風(feng)能(neng)密(mi)度、風(feng)功率(lv)(lv)密(mi)度等主要參數來反映(ying),也就是用這些參數來描(miao)述、分析、計算(suan)出當地風(feng)能(neng)情況。
可(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)的(de)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)主要表(biao)現為(wei)太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、風(feng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、水(shui)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、地熱能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、海洋能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、生(sheng)物能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)等形式,美國(guo)、加拿(na)大、口(kou)本、印度等國(guo)家以及歐盟都制定了相(xiang)關(guan)政(zheng)策積(ji)極(ji)推動新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)產業的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)。據國(guo)際能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)機(ji)構發(fa)布的(de)(((2012世界能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)展(zhan)望(wang)》中預計,到(dao)2035年(nian),可(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)電量(liang)將占全球總(zong)發(fa)電量(liang)近三分之一。美國(guo)聯邦能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)監管委員會能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)項(xiang)目辦公室發(fa)布的(de)《能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)結構報告》顯示,2012年(nian)前十個月份新(xin)(xin)增(zeng)可(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)裝(zhuang)機(ji)占新(xin)(xin)增(zeng)電力(li)裝(zhuang)機(ji)總(zong)量(liang)的(de)46.22%,美國(guo)可(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)裝(zhuang)機(ji)容量(liang)占到(dao)總(zong)裝(zhuang)機(ji)量(liang)的(de)14.93%,已高(gao)于核(he)電9.27%和石油4.32%之和。
Jeng 02008)研究(jiu)發(fa)現(xian)德國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)家政策(ce)(ce)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)扶持(chi)對可(ke)再(zai)生資(zi)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展所起的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)推動作用要(yao)(yao)勝過其資(zi)源(yuan)享(xiang)賦,政策(ce)(ce)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)宣傳貫徹引導和加(jia)深(shen)了(le)國(guo)(guo)民對可(ke)再(zai)生資(zi)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認識,進而(er)帶動資(zi)金和技術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)投入(ru),政府(fu)則(ze)通過建立相關法律保(bao)障、提供順(shun)暢的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溝通渠道、給(gei)予稅收(shou)優(you)惠和經濟豐「貝(bei)占等方式(shi)降低開(kai)發(fa)商(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成本,幫助其拓寬市場(chang)。Shishir C 2005)指出(chu),由公共部(bu)門(men)購買(mai)可(ke)再(zai)生能源(yuan)電(dian)力(li)并且事先確定購買(mai)價格有(you)助于(yu)減(jian)少產業(ye)(ye)收(shou)益的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不確定性(xing)。Lew 02000)考察發(fa)現(xian)公共部(bu)門(men)所制定政策(ce)(ce)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)穩(wen)定性(xing)、系統性(xing)對風力(li)設(she)備制造業(ye)(ye)有(you)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)影響。美(mei)國(guo)(guo)所實施的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)再(zai)生能源(yuan)配(pei)額(e)制(RPS)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)州或自治區所提供的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)量要(yao)(yao)有(you)一逐年增(zeng)加(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比(bi)例的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)量來自于(yu)可(ke)再(zai)生能源(yuan)發(fa)電(dian),保(bao)證了(le)可(ke)再(zai)生能源(yuan)發(fa)電(dian)產業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)穩(wen)定持(chi)續(xu)增(zeng)長。
工(gong)業革(ge)命后(hou),資源(yuan)消耗以(yi)石(shi)油、煤(mei)炭等(deng)化石(shi)資源(yuan)為(wei)主。1890年,荷斯礁(jiao)最先制(zhi)定(ding)了(le)風(feng)(feng)能(neng)(neng)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)計劃,并在(zai)之(zhi)后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)二(er)(er)十年間,制(zhi)造出72臺較小(xiao)容量的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)力(li)發(fa)電機(ji),之(zhi)后(hou)還(huan)建成了(le)一批小(xiao)型(xing)風(feng)(feng)力(li)發(fa)電站,為(wei)當前(qian)荷斯礁(jiao)風(feng)(feng)電產業的(de)(de)(de)蓬勃發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)奠定(ding)了(le)堅(jian)實的(de)(de)(de)基礎。美國(guo)也(ye)曾(ceng)(ceng)在(zai)二(er)(er)十世紀四(si)十年代初(chu)建成一大(da)型(xing)風(feng)(feng)力(li)發(fa)電機(ji)組,但是(shi)使用效率(lv)并不高(gao)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)風(feng)(feng)能(neng)(neng)利用的(de)(de)(de)關(guan)注點(dian)之(zhi)一就是(shi)風(feng)(feng)能(neng)(neng)貯存量的(de)(de)(de)預測(ce)(ce)評(ping)估。美國(guo)和加(jia)拿(na)大(da)都曾(ceng)(ceng)建立專(zhuan)門(men)的(de)(de)(de)氣象實驗室,建模模擬各(ge)地一定(ding)范圍(wei)內(nei)風(feng)(feng)能(neng)(neng)分(fen)布(bu)狀況(kuang),加(jia)之(zhi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)多個測(ce)(ce)點(dian)的(de)(de)(de)補充(chong)測(ce)(ce)風(feng)(feng)詳查風(feng)(feng)能(neng)(neng)資源(yuan),最終繪制(zhi)出高(gao)分(fen)辨率(lv)的(de)(de)(de)包括(kuo)風(feng)(feng)能(neng)(neng)密度、可開發(fa)面積等(deng)詳細數據在(zai)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)能(neng)(neng)狀況(kuang)分(fen)布(bu)圖,對(dui)(dui)(dui)于以(yi)后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)電場選址、風(feng)(feng)能(neng)(neng)利用等(deng)實務操作具有(you)重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)導意(yi)義。
根據(ju)全(quan)球(qiu)風(feng)(feng)能理事會(GWEC)發布的(de)全(quan)球(qiu)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)市(shi)場(chang)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)(ji)數據(ju),風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)(ji)容量達到(dao)40561兆(zhao)(zhao)瓦(wa)(wa),該新(xin)增(zeng)(zeng)容量使全(quan)球(qiu)累(lei)計(ji)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)(ji)達到(dao)2011年(nian),全(quan)球(qiu)新(xin)增(zeng)(zeng)237669兆(zhao)(zhao)瓦(wa)(wa)。這(zhe)一數據(ju)表(biao)明全(quan)球(qiu)累(lei)計(ji)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)(ji)實現了21%的(de)年(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang),新(xin)增(zeng)(zeng)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)(ji)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)達到(dao)6%。到(dao)目(mu)前(qian)為止,全(quan)球(qiu)75個國家有(you)商(shang)業運營(ying)的(de)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)(ji),其中22個國家的(de)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)(ji)容量超過1000兆(zhao)(zhao)瓦(wa)(wa)。
在(zai)海(hai)上(shang)(shang)風(feng)電項目被中國各(ge)主要整機企業如火如荼的(de)實施的(de)同時,學術界對(dui)(dui)于海(hai)上(shang)(shang)風(feng)能(neng)的(de)開發的(de)研究也(ye)在(zai)有(you)條不紊的(de)進行。2007年,李靖和(he)王(wang)曉東以上(shang)(shang)海(hai)東海(hai)大橋海(hai)上(shang)(shang)風(feng)電項目為例(li)比較了(le)陸上(shang)(shang)風(feng)電與海(hai)上(shang)(shang)風(feng)電在(zai)運行成本構成、發電小時數、海(hai)上(shang)(shang)風(feng)電造價結構的(de)不同,通(tong)過全面的(de)經(jing)濟性分析,對(dui)(dui)海(hai)上(shang)(shang)風(feng)電子(zi)在(zai)我國的(de)發展(zhan)前景作了(le)展(zhan)望。
此外(wai),辛(xin)華龍(2010)從(cong)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)優點、國(guo)內(nei)(nei)豐富的(de)(de)(de)(de)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)能資源(yuan)、國(guo)內(nei)(nei)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技術裝備、歐洲(zhou)(zhou)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)強國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)成功經(jing)營(ying)經(jing)驗出(chu)(chu)發(fa)(fa),并結合(he)中(zhong)國(guo)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)本情況(kuang)(kuang),說明在中(zhong)國(guo)有必(bi)要進(jin)行大規模海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)能開發(fa)(fa)和(he)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong),同(tong)時(shi),對(dui)于如何(he)進(jin)行開發(fa)(fa)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)能提(ti)出(chu)(chu)了(le)相應的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)議(yi)。姜鵬(peng)飛在《國(guo)內(nei)(nei)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)前景和(he)經(jing)濟分析》一(yi)文中(zhong)介紹了(le)歐洲(zhou)(zhou)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場的(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)本情況(kuang)(kuang),如單位造價和(he)成本構成等,簡(jian)單剖析了(le)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)成本高企的(de)(de)(de)(de)原因(yin),同(tong)時(shi)姜鵬(peng)飛還結合(he)歐洲(zhou)(zhou)主要海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)強國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)已(yi)有海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場的(de)(de)(de)(de)造價水平對(dui)我國(guo)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)場的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)設進(jin)行了(le)經(jing)濟分析與評價。劉(liu)林(lin),葛旭(xu)波(bo),張義(2012)系統(tong)梳理了(le)國(guo)內(nei)(nei)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝機的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)現(xian)狀,同(tong)時(shi)結合(he)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)能資源(yuan)條件和(he)項目特點對(dui)目前海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開發(fa)(fa)過程(cheng)中(zhong)存在的(de)(de)(de)(de)問題和(he)待(dai)解決問題進(jin)行了(le)重(zhong)點研究,并對(dui)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開發(fa)(fa),建(jian)設和(he)維護提(ti)出(chu)(chu)了(le)諸多建(jian)議(yi)。
國內(nei)學者除(chu)了(le)在經(jing)濟評(ping)價(jia)和成本分(fen)析中有大(da)量的(de)(de)(de)研究(jiu)成果外,一(yi)些學者也(ye)開始關注海(hai)上(shang)風(feng)電(dian)的(de)(de)(de)社會及環(huan)(huan)境效益。陳曉明,王紅梅,劉燕星等(2010)對(dui)世(shi)界范圍內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)已建(jian)(jian)、在建(jian)(jian)和擬(ni)建(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)各類海(hai)上(shang)風(feng)電(dian)場(chang)(chang)項目在建(jian)(jian)設(she)和運營維護過程(cheng)中出現的(de)(de)(de)各類環(huan)(huan)境問題進(jin)(jin)行了(le)系(xi)統深入(ru)的(de)(de)(de)評(ping)估,并結(jie)合當地(di)情況提出了(le)可(ke)行的(de)(de)(de)監(jian)測、治理和預防的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)議措施,并以東臺海(hai)上(shang)風(feng)電(dian)場(chang)(chang)項目為例(li)進(jin)(jin)行了(le)環(huan)(huan)境影響評(ping)估的(de)(de)(de)實證研究(jiu)。嚴(yan)曉建(jian)(jian)(2011)以江蘇省為例(li)對(dui)沿(yan)(yan)海(hai)潮間帶風(feng)產(chan)業(ye)進(jin)(jin)行了(le)系(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)研究(jiu),從經(jing)濟、社會、環(huan)(huan)境三個角度建(jian)(jian)立沿(yan)(yan)海(hai)風(feng)能開發的(de)(de)(de)綜合評(ping)價(jia)模型,并結(jie)合實例(li)對(dui)上(shang)述評(ping)價(jia)模型進(jin)(jin)行了(le)驗(yan)證,為國內(nei)海(hai)風(feng)產(chan)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)提供(gong)了(le)參考意(yi)見(jian)。
在低碳經(jing)濟(ji)呼聲高漲的(de)(de)今天,研究(jiu)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)已成(cheng)(cheng)為世界(jie)各國關注的(de)(de)焦點。風(feng)(feng)能(neng)(neng)因其易獲取、分布地域(yu)廣(guang)等優勢而(er)備受矚目,并(bing)且風(feng)(feng)力發(fa)(fa)電作(zuo)(zuo)為一(yi)(yi)種清(qing)潔(jie)可再生的(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)技術脫穎而(er)出。從(cong)理(li)論(lun)研究(jiu)的(de)(de)角度,風(feng)(feng)能(neng)(neng)在滿(man)足世界(jie)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)應、維(wei)護能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)安全(quan)、保護生態環(huan)境(jing)、實現可持續發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)等方面(mian)的(de)(de)重要(yao)作(zuo)(zuo)用已不(bu)言而(er)喻,以(yi)經(jing)濟(ji)理(li)論(lun)為支撐對(dui)風(feng)(feng)電產(chan)業進(jin)行分析評價有(you)助于這一(yi)(yi)朝陽(yang)產(chan)業健康(kang)迅速的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。通過梳理(li)國內外(wai)風(feng)(feng)能(neng)(neng)利(li)用的(de)(de)理(li)論(lun)研究(jiu)和實踐操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo),借鑒國外(wai)較為成(cheng)(cheng)熟的(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)電產(chan)業發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)經(jing)驗與實現路徑,基(ji)于山東省海(hai)上風(feng)(feng)能(neng)(neng)資源(yuan)(yuan)狀況,結合海(hai)上風(feng)(feng)電開(kai)發(fa)(fa)現狀及發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)趨勢分析,從(cong)經(jing)濟(ji)、社(she)會兩個角度搭建(jian)海(hai)上風(feng)(feng)能(neng)(neng)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)利(li)用的(de)(de)效益評價模型,以(yi)期(qi)發(fa)(fa)現山東省這一(yi)(yi)地域(yu)范圍(wei)內海(hai)上風(feng)(feng)能(neng)(neng)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)利(li)用方面(mian)所存在的(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)并(bing)且擬提(ti)供(gong)解決的(de)(de)策略。