芒果视频

人物簡介

顏希(xi)深自幼受何氏教育(yu)，聰(cong)穎過人，器宇不(bu)凡。任太原府同(tong)知時，適逢乾隆皇帝駕幸五臺山(shan)，顏希(xi)深奉旨辦(ban)理行營(ying)事(shi)物，以毫不(bu)擾民受到乾隆稱贊(zan)。

泰安在昔為(wei)直(zhi)隸州(zhou)，士（讀書(shu)人(ren)）屆歲(sui)(sui)科(ke)試，咸(xian)（全(quan)）就(jiu)校于(yu)濟(ji)(ji)南。雍正十(shi)(shi)三(san)年，改(gai)(gai)為(wei)府(fu)治，統(tong)屬于(yu)泰安、新(xin)泰、萊蕪(wu)、肥城(cheng)、東平(ping)、東阿、平(ping)陰共七州(zhou)縣(xian)，一(yi)(yi)切章(zhang)程，俱更定如他郡制(zhi)，惟校士之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)館(guan)，役甚巨(ju)(ju)而費亦繁(fan)，尚逡巡(xun)(qunxún；因(yin)顧慮而徘徊不(bu)前)未(wei)遑（空閑(xian)）也(ye)。前守宋公(gong)(gong)諤曾議(yi)舉(ju)行，尋以(yi)故中止。癸(gui)酉（乾隆十(shi)(shi)八(ba)年，1753年）夏，余(yu)(yu)(我)奉命來(lai)典茲郡，見夫(fu)岱宗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)崒嵂(lv)（zúlǜ,高(gao)(gao)峻），汶水之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)瀠洄(hui)，鐘靈挺(ting)秀，蔚(yu)為(wei)巨(ju)(ju)觀。仰(yang)(yang)惟圣朝雅化涵(han)濡，迄今百(bai)有(you)余(yu)(yu)栽，闔（全(quan)）屬人(ren)文云(yun)蒸而霞起，每歲(sui)(sui)科(ke)試，統(tong)計文武幾及萬(wan)人(ren)，若(ruo)仍就(jiu)校濟(ji)(ji)南，實于(yu)體制(zhi)未(wei)協。爰（于(yu)是(shi)）稽（考）舊牘（過去(qu)的(de)公(gong)(gong)文），商(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)牧令（州(zhou)官縣(xian)官），諸(zhu)(zhu)君僉（都）謂紳(shen)士請(qing)建(jian)(jian)試院歷(li)有(you)年所，且皆愿捐己貲（資），不(bu)費公(gong)(gong)帑（官府(fu)錢財）。乃(nai)以(yi)此意申(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)各(ge)(ge)憲（向上級各(ge)(ge)主管部門(men)提出(chu)申(shen)請(qing)），既報可(ke)(ke)。余(yu)(yu)與諸(zhu)(zhu)君捐俸為(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)倡(chang)，紳(shen)士亦樂輸（獻出(chu)）恐后(hou)(hou)。遂(sui)諏(zou)吉（商(shang)定好日子(zi)。諏(zou)zōu,音鄒；商(shang)量）于(yu)春二(er)(er)月，正方(fang)辨(bian)位，鳩(jiu)工(gong)庀(pi)材（聚集工(gong)匠，備(bei)齊材料。庀(pi)pǐ，音痞(pi)；具備(bei)），飭（令）平(ping)陰尉姚秀元董其(qi)事(shi)，宋為(wei)熙、徐孔柱(zhu)、韓承先、張朔、趙文龍、張元漋紳(shen)士分(fen)(fen)理之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。在城(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)東北隅（角），得地二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)畝二(er)(er)分(fen)(fen)，中建(jian)(jian)堂(tang)五楹，堂(tang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前東西坐號共一(yi)(yi)千二(er)(er)百(bai)有(you)奇（多(duo)），堂(tang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)，蒞事(shi)有(you)室，棲客有(you)廬，凡庖廚井灶之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)屬，靡不(bu)畢具。門(men)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外設照(zhao)屏(ping)，東西轅門(men)各(ge)(ge)樹以(yi)柵為(wei)繚垣（墻）以(yi)周護(hu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，丹雘（huò，音貨，紅色顏料）黝（黑）堊（白），悉中軌繩。閱（歷(li)時）八(ba)月，而諸(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)以(yi)竣。夫(fu)泰安固(gu)齊魯間一(yi)(yi)大都會也(ye)，逵通南北，壤(rang)錯濟(ji)(ji)兗（濟(ji)(ji)南兗州(zhou)），軺車之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所輻(fu)揍，文獻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所薈(hui)萃，士生其(qi)間，應地靈而沾(zhan)帝澤(ze)，于(yu)以(yi)發軔黌宮（學(xue)宮。簧hóng，音紅；古(gu)代稱學(xue)校）蜚(fei)莢閬苑（指(zhi)揚名于(yu)京都），則試院之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)建(jian)(jian)，即(ji)多(duo)士昂霄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)初(chu)步也(ye)，寧惟是(shi)高(gao)(gao)明宏敞(chang)壯一(yi)(yi)郡之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)觀瞻已哉。抑（可(ke)(ke)是(shi)。文言連詞）余(yu)(yu)于(yu)此竊有(you)幸也(ye)。泰安自改(gai)(gai)府(fu)后(hou)(hou)，已逾(yu)十(shi)(shi)余(yu)(yu)載，前之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)或履其(qi)任而不(bu)及為(wei)，或限于(yu)力而為(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)果，余(yu)(yu)乃(nai)與諸(zhu)(zhu)牧令會逢其(qi)適，乘天(tian)時之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)順敘，賴人(ren)力之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)贊(zan)襄，財無虞(yu)漏(lou)卮（zhī，音只(zhi)；古(gu)代盛酒的(de)杯子(zi)。這里指(zhi)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)上的(de)漏(lou)洞），工(gong)不(bu)繁(fan)鼛鼓（鼛gāo，音高(gao)(gao)；古(gu)代的(de)一(yi)(yi)種大鼓），一(yi)(yi)旦為(wei)所欲為(wei)，得如他郡規制(zhi)，雖不(bu)足仰(yang)(yang)酬圣天(tian)子(zi)覃敷至意，暨各(ge)(ge)憲樂育殷(yin)懷，而揆(kui)（kuí；掌握，管理）之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)郡人(ren)士斐然向風之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)忱，庶可(ke)(ke)藉(jie)口以(yi)告(gao)厥（其(qi)）成事(shi)云(yun)爾。用綴(zhui)端末于(yu)石，俾（使）后(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官斯土(tu)者有(you)考焉。乾隆十(shi)(shi)九年十(shi)(shi)月。

主要作品

《創建試院碑(bei)記(ji)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)，民國十(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)年鉛印本(ben)(ben)(ben)《重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)修泰(tai)(tai)(tai)安縣志?藝文(wen)志選著(zhu)(zhu)》又(you)載(zai)顏希(xi)深(shen)作(zuo)《林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)故(gu)(gu)(gu)里(li)(li)考》一(yi)(yi)文(wen)。林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)，字子(zi)(zi)(zi)邱，春秋(qiu)魯(lu)(lu)人(ren)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)弟子(zi)(zi)(zi)，因向(xiang)孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)問(wen)“禮(li)(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)”而(er)(er)載(zai)《論(lun)語(yu)?八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)佾(yi)（yì，古時(shi)樂舞的行(xing)列）》。林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)殷代忠臣比(bi)(bi)干(gan)的后(hou)裔。殷紂王(wang)無道，荒淫暴(bao)虐。比(bi)(bi)干(gan)秉(bing)忠直(zhi)諫，為(wei)(wei)(wei)此觸怒紂王(wang)，被剖心(xin)殺害，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)堅(jian)，逃至(zhi)泰(tai)(tai)(tai)安“城(cheng)(cheng)東南百八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)十(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)”放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)（現(xian)屬泰(tai)(tai)(tai)安所轄縣級(ji)市(shi)新(xin)泰(tai)(tai)(tai)）北部的長(chang)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)山(shan)(shan)避難，周(zhou)武王(wang)克商，賜姓林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)氏。林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)一(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)致力(li)于禮(li)(li)(li)(li)的研究。《論(lun)語(yu)?八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)佾(yi)》載(zai)：“林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)問(wen)禮(li)(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)。子(zi)(zi)(zi)曰：大(da)(da)(da)哉問(wen)！禮(li)(li)(li)(li)，與(yu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)奢也(ye)(ye)，寧(ning)儉；喪，與(yu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)易也(ye)(ye)，寧(ning)戚。”這(zhe)段話的意(yi)思是(shi)(shi)(shi)說(shuo)(shuo)，林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)問(wen)孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)禮(li)(li)(li)(li)的本(ben)(ben)(ben)質(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)什么，孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)聽到有學生(sheng)(sheng)提出這(zhe)樣的問(wen)題非常高興，就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)說(shuo)(shuo)：“你問(wen)了一(yi)(yi)個(ge)意(yi)義十(shi)(shi)分重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大(da)(da)(da)的問(wen)題！就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)一(yi)(yi)般的禮(li)(li)(li)(li)數來(lai)說(shuo)(shuo)（逢(feng)年過(guo)節(jie)等(deng)），與(yu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)過(guo)分耗費（意(yi)思是(shi)(shi)(shi)主要(yao)(yao)的，送重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)禮(li)(li)(li)(li)容易讓人(ren)懷疑另(ling)有所圖），寧(ning)可(ke)簡(jian)單(dan)節(jie)約（有心(xin)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)行(xing)了，禮(li)(li)(li)(li)品(pin)本(ben)(ben)(ben)身是(shi)(shi)(shi)次要(yao)(yao)的）；就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)的喪禮(li)(li)(li)(li)來(lai)說(shuo)(shuo)，與(yu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)在(zai)(zai)表(biao)面(mian)上講究繁(fan)文(wen)縟節(jie)，不(bu)(bu)如(ru)在(zai)(zai)內(nei)心(xin)里(li)(li)真(zhen)誠地沉痛哀悼。”朱熹《論(lun)語(yu)集注》解釋(shi)這(zhe)段話時(shi)，認為(wei)(wei)(wei)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)“見世(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)禮(li)(li)(li)(li)者，專事繁(fan)文(wen)，而(er)(er)疑其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)在(zai)(zai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)以為(wei)(wei)(wei)問(wen)。孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)以時(shi)方逐末而(er)(er)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)獨有志于本(ben)(ben)(ben)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)大(da)(da)(da)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)問(wen)”。孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)說(shuo)(shuo)這(zhe)段話時(shi)，正是(shi)(shi)(shi)奴(nu)隸制崩潰的時(shi)代，即使魯(lu)(lu)國也(ye)(ye)發生(sheng)(sheng)了不(bu)(bu)尊“周(zhou)禮(li)(li)(li)(li)”的現(xian)象(xiang)。如(ru)，根(gen)據“周(zhou)禮(li)(li)(li)(li)”的規定，天子(zi)(zi)(zi)才有祭掃全國知名(ming)大(da)(da)(da)山(shan)(shan)的資格(ge)，諸侯只有在(zai)(zai)自(zi)己轄區(qu)內(nei)祭掃小丘的資格(ge)，但是(shi)(shi)(shi)季孫(sun)(sun)氏卻到泰(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)上去進行(xing)祭掃。面(mian)對(dui)魯(lu)(lu)國當(dang)時(shi)這(zhe)種(zhong)禮(li)(li)(li)(li)崩樂壞的時(shi)政，孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)憂心(xin)如(ru)焚(fen)。《論(lun)語(yu)?八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)佾(yi)》又(you)載(zai)：“季氏旅于泰(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)。子(zi)(zi)(zi)謂冉(ran)(ran)有曰：女（汝）弗能(neng)(neng)救(jiu)(jiu)與(yu)？對(dui)曰：不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)。子(zi)(zi)(zi)曰：嗚呼！曾謂泰(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)，不(bu)(bu)如(ru)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)乎？”季孫(sun)(sun)氏是(shi)(shi)(shi)當(dang)時(shi)執掌魯(lu)(lu)國朝政的三大(da)(da)(da)權(quan)門之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)，（孟孫(sun)(sun)氏、叔孫(sun)(sun)氏、季孫(sun)(sun)氏三家(jia)世(shi)卿(qing)，因為(wei)(wei)(wei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)魯(lu)(lu)桓（huán，音(yin)環）公(gong)的三個(ge)孫(sun)(sun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)稱“三桓”，當(dang)時(shi)的魯(lu)(lu)國政權(quan)實際(ji)掌握在(zai)(zai)他們手(shou)中(zhong)，而(er)(er)“三桓”的一(yi)(yi)些家(jia)臣又(you)在(zai)(zai)不(bu)(bu)同程度上控制著(zhu)(zhu)“三桓”），冉(ran)(ran)有是(shi)(shi)(shi)孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)的學生(sheng)(sheng)，時(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)季氏宰。這(zhe)段話的意(yi)思是(shi)(shi)(shi)，季氏要(yao)(yao)去祭祀(si)泰(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)，孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)對(dui)時(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)季氏家(jia)總管的學生(sheng)(sheng)冉(ran)(ran)有說(shuo)(shuo)：“你不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)勸阻他不(bu)(bu)要(yao)(yao)前去，從(cong)而(er)(er)挽救(jiu)(jiu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)陷于僭越（超越本(ben)(ben)(ben)分。僭jiàn，音(yin)見；非法越權(quan)）之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)罪嗎(ma)(ma)？”冉(ran)(ran)有回答說(shuo)(shuo)：“不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)。”孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)見求(qiu)助(zhu)于人(ren)已經不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)挽救(jiu)(jiu)禮(li)(li)(li)(li)法，嘆了口氣轉而(er)(er)求(qiu)助(zhu)于神，說(shuo)(shuo)：“唉！我曾對(dui)泰(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)說(shuo)(shuo)，（泰(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)神啊，快阻止那些破壞禮(li)(li)(li)(li)法的行(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)吧！）難道你這(zhe)通天神明，還不(bu)(bu)如(ru)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)知道應(ying)該怎樣按照(zhao)禮(li)(li)(li)(li)法的本(ben)(ben)(ben)質(zhi)來(lai)行(xing)事嗎(ma)(ma)？”北宋真(zhen)宗(zong)趙恒命廷臣撰(zhuan)孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)弟子(zi)(zi)(zi)贊，主客郎中(zhong)刁衎（kàn，音(yin)看）贊林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)曰：“問(wen)禮(li)(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)。為(wei)(wei)(wei)儒所宗(zong)。樂岳（泰(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)）稱美，長(chang)山(shan)(shan)（今山(shan)(shan)東新(xin)泰(tai)(tai)(tai)市(shi)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)長(chang)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)山(shan)(shan)）表(biao)封。”南宋高宗(zong)也(ye)(ye)曾贊其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)“大(da)(da)(da)哉斯言，恍(huang)照(zhao)明訓”。為(wei)(wei)(wei)紀(ji)念(nian)這(zhe)位先賢，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)里(li)(li)便名(ming)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)城(cheng)(cheng)。顏希(xi)深(shen)作(zuo)《林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)故(gu)(gu)(gu)里(li)(li)考》認定，在(zai)(zai)“城(cheng)(cheng)東南百八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)十(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“泰(tai)(tai)(tai)安崇禮(li)(li)(li)(li)鄉放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)城(cheng)(cheng)集（舊名(ming)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)）為(wei)(wei)(wei)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)故(gu)(gu)(gu)里(li)(li)”“可(ke)信”。由于顏希(xi)深(shen)作(zuo)《林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)里(li)(li)考》十(shi)(shi)分專業，解釋(shi)起來(lai)非常復雜，恕不(bu)(bu)照(zhao)錄原文(wen)，只將林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)人(ren)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)事簡(jian)述于此。

《創建試院(yuan)碑記(ji)》字(zi)里(li)行間反(fan)映出顏希深一意興(xing)利(li)除弊、教養斯(si)民(min)的(de)循吏作風，以及(ji)對百姓負責、對歷史(shi)負責的(de)治政態(tai)度(du)；《林(lin)放故(gu)里(li)考》字(zi)里(li)行間反(fan)映出顏希深博覽群書、窮究經典的(de)文化(hua)修(xiu)養，以及(ji)躬行實(shi)踐、格物(wu)致知(zhi)的(de)治學(xue)方法。顏希深既(ji)勤于政務(wu)處(chu)理(li)，又(you)潛(qian)心學(xue)術研(yan)究，確有古代士大夫之風范。