紅棗(zao)(zao),鼠李科棗(zao)(zao)屬植物(wu),成(cheng)熟(shu)后變(bian)為紅色(se)。常(chang)曬(shai)干(gan)制成(cheng)棗(zao)(zao)干(gan)。它的維(wei)生(sheng)素(su)含量(liang)非常(chang)高,有(you)“天然維(wei)生(sheng)素(su)丸”的美(mei)譽(yu),具有(you)滋陰補陽(yang)的功效。紅棗(zao)(zao)作為滋補佳(jia)品,素(su)有(you)“日食三棗(zao)(zao),長生(sheng)不(bu)老(lao)”之說。
可供藥(yao)用,有養胃、健脾、益(yi)血、滋補、強身(shen)之(zhi)效(xiao),棗(zao)仁和根均可入藥(yao),棗(zao)仁可以安神,為(wei)重要藥(yao)品之(zhi)一(yi)。
棗(zao)性(xing)溫、味甘,具益(yi)氣補血(xue)、健脾和胃、袪風(feng)功(gong)效,對治療(liao)過敏性(xing)紫癜、貧血(xue)、高血(xue)壓(ya)、急慢性(xing)肝炎和肝硬(ying)化患者的(de)血(xue)清(qing)轉氨(an)酶增高,以及預防輸血(xue)反(fan)應等(deng)均有(you)理想(xiang)效果(guo);大(da)棗(zao)含有(you)三(san)萜類化合物及環磷酸腺苷,有(you)較強的(de)抑癌、抗過敏作(zuo)(zuo)用。棗(zao)中含有(you)抗疲勞作(zuo)(zuo)用的(de)物質,能增強人(ren)的(de)耐(nai)力,棗(zao)還具有(you)減(jian)輕(qing)毒性(xing)物質對肝臟損害的(de)功(gong)效。棗(zao)中的(de)黃酮類化合物,有(you)鎮靜降血(xue)壓(ya)的(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用。
小紅棗種植規格:株行(xing)距3×3米,每畝74株,種植時間在(zai)12月。
種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)先挖長、寬80厘米,深60~80厘米的(de)(de)定植(zhi)(zhi)塘(tang),挖塘(tang)時表(biao)土(tu)和底土(tu)分(fen)開堆放,每塘(tang)底層放入草或秸稈,中層用(yong)50公斤(jin)腐(fu)熟農家肥與(yu)表(biao)土(tu)混勻后(hou)回(hui)(hui)填(tian)(tian),然后(hou)再回(hui)(hui)底土(tu)(最好全(quan)用(yong)表(biao)土(tu)),種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)塘(tang)回(hui)(hui)填(tian)(tian)后(hou)高于(yu)地面30厘米,或者回(hui)(hui)土(tu)時填(tian)(tian)至低于(yu)地面20厘米時,灌透(tou)水,使(shi)塘(tang)內土(tu)沉實后(hou)再填(tian)(tian)土(tu),使(shi)其略高于(yu)地面。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)時在(zai)定植(zhi)(zhi)塘(tang)上挖一深20~30厘米的(de)(de)穴(xue),把棗苗(miao)(miao)(miao)放入穴(xue)中央,邊(bian)填(tian)(tian)土(tu)邊(bian)提苗(miao)(miao)(miao)、踏實,蓋(gai)土(tu)后(hou)略高于(yu)地面,種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)深度與(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)在(zai)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)圃里的(de)(de)深度一致,不可(ke)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)過(guo)(guo)深(埋過(guo)(guo)嫁接(jie)口(kou))或過(guo)(guo)淺。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)沿(yan)樹苗(miao)(miao)(miao)四周整成直(zhi)徑1米的(de)(de)圓形(xing)樹盤,澆透(tou)定根水并用(yong)薄膜(一平方(fang)米大)進行樹盤覆蓋(gai),以保(bao)濕、增溫、壓雜草。挖塘(tang)和種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)時都(dou)要拉線(xian),以保(bao)證(zheng)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)木種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)達到“三看”一線(xian)。