芒果视频

基本介紹

松(song)(song)材線(xian)蟲(chong)（Bursaphelenchus xylophilus），該線(xian)蟲(chong)屬線(xian)蟲(chong)動物門、線(xian)蟲(chong)綱、滑(hua)刃目、滑(hua)刃科(ke)、傘(san)滑(hua)刃屬。雌蟲(chong)體長(chang)0.81mm，雄體長(chang)0.73mm，雌蟲(chong)尾(wei)部近圓錐形，末端(duan)圓；雄蟲(chong)尾(wei)部似鳥爪，向腹面彎曲。松(song)(song)材線(xian)蟲(chong)病(bing)又(you)稱松(song)(song)枯萎病(bing)，是(shi)一種(zhong)毀滅性蟲(chong)害(hai)。它是(shi)通過松(song)(song)墨天牛(niu)(niu)（Monochamus alternatus）等(deng)媒(mei)介昆蟲(chong)傳播于松(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)體內，從而引發松(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)病(bing)害(hai)。被松(song)(song)材線(xian)蟲(chong)感染后的松(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)，針(zhen)葉黃褐(he)色或紅褐(he)色，萎蔫下垂，樹(shu)(shu)脂分泌停(ting)止，樹(shu)(shu)干可觀察到天牛(niu)(niu)侵入孔或產卵痕(hen)跡(ji)，病(bing)樹(shu)(shu)整(zheng)株(zhu)干枯死(si)亡，最(zui)終腐爛(lan)。

松(song)(song)(song)材(cai)線(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)屬于線(xian)(xian)形動物門(men)，滑(hua)刃(ren)目、滑(hua)刃(ren)總科、滑(hua)刃(ren)科、傘滑(hua)刃(ren)屬。是我(wo)國危害較大(da)的(de)(de)外(wai)(wai)來入侵物種(zhong)之一(yi)（但未被列入我(wo)國首批外(wai)(wai)來入侵物種(zhong)名單）。成蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)體(ti)(ti)細長(chang)，雌蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)體(ti)(ti)長(chang)0.81mm，雄(xiong)(xiong)體(ti)(ti)長(chang)0.73mm，雌蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)尾(wei)(wei)部近圓(yuan)錐(zhui)形，末端圓(yuan)。雄(xiong)(xiong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)尾(wei)(wei)部似鳥爪，向腹面彎曲(qu)。1982年在(zai)南京中山陵(ling)首次發現(xian)，以后(hou)相繼(ji)在(zai)江(jiang)蘇、安徽、廣東和(he)浙(zhe)江(jiang)等(deng)(deng)地成災，幾乎毀滅(mie)了(le)在(zai)香(xiang)港廣泛分布的(de)(de)馬(ma)尾(wei)(wei)松(song)(song)(song)林(lin)。近距(ju)離(li)傳(chuan)(chuan)播(bo)主(zhu)要靠媒介(jie)天(tian)牛(niu)(niu)，如(ru)松(song)(song)(song)墨(mo)天(tian)牛(niu)(niu)（Monochamus alternatus），攜(xie)帶(dai)傳(chuan)(chuan)播(bo)；遠距(ju)離(li)主(zhu)要靠人為(wei)調運帶(dai)疫（帶(dai)松(song)(song)(song)材(cai)線(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)天(tian)牛(niu)(niu)）的(de)(de)苗木、松(song)(song)(song)材(cai)、松(song)(song)(song)木包裝箱(xiang)及松(song)(song)(song)木制(zhi)品等(deng)(deng)進行傳(chuan)(chuan)播(bo)。被松(song)(song)(song)材(cai)線(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)感染后(hou)的(de)(de)松(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)，針葉黃(huang)褐色或紅褐色、萎蔫下垂，樹(shu)脂分泌停止，在(zai)樹(shu)干上可觀察(cha)到天(tian)牛(niu)(niu)侵入孔或產卵痕跡，病樹(shu)整株干枯死(si)亡，木材(cai)藍變(bian)。嚴(yan)重威脅用材(cai)林(lin)。由于擴展迅速，現(xian)已對黃(huang)山、張家界等(deng)(deng)風(feng)景名勝區的(de)(de)天(tian)然針葉林(lin)構成了(le)巨大(da)威脅。

常見種類

松(song)(song)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)線(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)（Bursaphelenchus xylophilus），該(gai)線(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)屬線(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)動物門、線(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)綱、滑(hua)(hua)刃(ren)目、滑(hua)(hua)刃(ren)科(ke)、傘滑(hua)(hua)刃(ren)屬。目前傘滑(hua)(hua)刃(ren)屬約有50多個種(zhong)(zhong)。傘滑(hua)(hua)刃(ren)屬的(de)(de)(de)線(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)多寄生在(zai)昆蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)體內，和(he)松(song)(song)樹死(si)亡有關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)是松(song)(song)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)線(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)和(he)擬(ni)松(song)(song)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)線(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)（Bursaphelenchus mucronatus）。松(song)(song)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)線(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)侵染松(song)(song)樹后使松(song)(song)樹枯死(si)，而(er)擬(ni)松(song)(song)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)線(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)也在(zai)很多地方枯死(si)松(song)(song)樹的(de)(de)(de)木(mu)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)中發(fa)現(xian)，但擬(ni)松(song)(song)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)線(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)是否(fou)能引起松(song)(song)樹死(si)亡，現(xian)在(zai)尚無定論。松(song)(song)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)線(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)和(he)擬(ni)松(song)(song)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)線(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)(de)形態特征非常相似(si)。其主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)區(qu)別(bie)在(zai)于雌蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)(de)尾(wei)部形態，松(song)(song)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)線(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)雌蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)尾(wei)部鈍圓，而(er)擬(ni)松(song)(song)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)線(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)(de)尾(wei)端有個尖突。

生長與分布

生活史

松材線(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)生(sheng)活(huo)史(shi)包括繁殖型和擴散(san)型兩(liang)個階段，在寄(ji)主植(zhi)物體(ti)內(nei)，當環境條(tiao)件不適宜時，由繁殖型二齡幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)（J2）轉變(bian)為(wei)擴散(san)型三(san)齡幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)（JⅢ），并(bing)向天牛(niu)蛹室(shi)周圍聚(ju)集(ji)，在天牛(niu)成(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)羽(yu)化前，松材線(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)擴散(san)型三(san)齡幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)蛻(tui)皮變(bian)為(wei)擴散(san)型四齡幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)（JⅣ），通過(guo)氣孔進入剛羽(yu)化的(de)、體(ti)壁尚未完全骨化的(de)天牛(niu)成(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)呼(hu)吸系統(tong)。隨后，天牛(niu)成(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)進行補充營養取(qu)食或(huo)者產(chan)卵時，線(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)從天牛(niu)氣管逸出，并(bing)從天牛(niu)取(qu)食或(huo)產(chan)卵造成(cheng)的(de)傷口進入新的(de)寄(ji)主植(zhi)物體(ti)內(nei)。因此JⅣ型幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)是松材線(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)生(sheng)活(huo)史(shi)中(zhong)重(zhong)要的(de)一個蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)態，是種群形成(cheng)和擴散(san)的(de)關鍵。天牛(niu)攜(xie)帶的(de)松材線(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)越多，侵染健康松樹的(de)松材線(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)病原就越多。

地理分布

原產(chan)地：原產(chan)北美洲(zhou)。

在(zai)日(ri)本、韓國(guo)(guo)、美國(guo)(guo)、加拿大、墨西哥、葡萄(tao)牙、中國(guo)(guo)等國(guo)(guo)均有(you)發(fa)生，但(dan)危害程度不(bu)一，其(qi)中以(yi)日(ri)本受害最重(zhong)。此病(bing)1982年(nian)中國(guo)(guo)在(zai)南(nan)京市(shi)中山(shan)陵首次發(fa)現，在(zai)短短的十幾年(nian)內(nei)，又相(xiang)繼在(zai)江蘇、安徽、山(shan)東(dong)(dong)、浙江、廣(guang)東(dong)(dong)、湖(hu)北、湖(hu)南(nan)、臺灣、香港等省（區）等許多地(di)區發(fa)生并流行成災(zai)。

形態及特征

雌(ci)雄(xiong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)都呈(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)蠕蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)形，蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)體(ti)細(xi)(xi)長(chang)，雌(ci)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)體(ti)長(chang)0.81mm，雄(xiong)體(ti)長(chang)0.73mm。唇區高，縊縮顯著。口(kou)(kou)針細(xi)(xi)長(chang)，其(qi)基部微增厚。中(zhong)(zhong)食(shi)道球(qiu)卵(luan)(luan)(luan)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形，占體(ti)寬(kuan)的(de)(de)2/3以上，瓣膜(mo)清晰。食(shi)道腺(xian)細(xi)(xi)長(chang)葉狀，覆蓋于(yu)腸背面(mian)(mian)。排泄孔(kong)的(de)(de)開(kai)口(kou)(kou)大(da)致和食(shi)道與腸交(jiao)接(jie)處平行，半月體(ti)在(zai)(zai)排泄孔(kong)后(hou)約(yue)(yue)2/3體(ti)寬(kuan)處。卵(luan)(luan)(luan)巢單個，前伸；陰(yin)門開(kai)口(kou)(kou)于(yu)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)體(ti)中(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)部73%處。上覆以寬(kuan)的(de)(de)陰(yin)門蓋。后(hou)陰(yin)子宮囊(nang)長(chang)，約(yue)(yue)為(wei)(wei)陰(yin)肛距的(de)(de)3/4。雌(ci)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)尾亞(ya)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)錐形，末端寬(kuan)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，少數(shu)有(you)微小的(de)(de)尾尖突。雄(xiong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)交(jiao)合(he)刺(ci)大(da)，弓狀，成對，喙突顯著，交(jiao)合(he)刺(ci)遠端膨大(da)如盤。雄(xiong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)尾似鳥爪(zhua)，向腹面(mian)(mian)彎曲，尾端為(wei)(wei)小的(de)(de)卵(luan)(luan)(luan)狀交(jiao)合(he)傘(san)包(bao)裹，退火的(de)(de)交(jiao)合(he)傘(san)在(zai)(zai)光學(xue)顯微鏡下不易看見(jian)，交(jiao)合(he)傘(san)（為(wei)(wei)翼(yi)）是尾的(de)(de)角質膜(mo)的(de)(de)延(yan)伸，在(zai)(zai)問(wen)短呈(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鏟狀，由于(yu)邊緣向內卷曲，從(cong)背面(mian)(mian)觀呈(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)卵(luan)(luan)(luan)形，從(cong)側面(mian)(mian)觀呈(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)尖圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形。病材中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)幼蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)體(ti)前部和成蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)相(xiang)似，但其(qi)后(hou)部則因(yin)腸內積聚大(da)量顆狀內含物(wu)，以至呈(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)暗色并接(jie)結構模糊。幼蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)尾亞(ya)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)錐形。

病害防治

松材線蟲病

疾病簡介

松(song)(song)材線蟲(chong)病又(you)稱松(song)(song)枯(ku)萎病，是(shi)一種毀滅(mie)性蟲(chong)害。它是(shi)通過松(song)(song)墨天牛等媒介(jie)昆蟲(chong)傳(chuan)播(bo)于松(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)體內，從(cong)而引發(fa)松(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)病害。被松(song)(song)材線蟲(chong)感染后的松(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)，針葉黃(huang)褐色(se)(se)或(huo)(huo)紅褐色(se)(se)，萎蔫下(xia)垂(chui)，樹(shu)(shu)脂分泌停止，樹(shu)(shu)干(gan)可觀察到天牛侵入(ru)孔或(huo)(huo)產(chan)卵痕跡(ji)，病樹(shu)(shu)整株干(gan)枯(ku)死亡(wang)，最終腐爛。

松(song)(song)材(cai)線(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)病多(duo)發(fa)生(sheng)在(zai)(zai)(zai)高溫(wen)干旱的(de)(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)氣候條件下(xia)。從罹(li)患病樹(shu)(shu)羽化出來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)天(tian)(tian)(tian)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)幾乎(hu)100%攜(xie)帶松(song)(song)材(cai)線(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，每只天(tian)(tian)(tian)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)都可(ke)攜(xie)帶成(cheng)(cheng)千(qian)上萬(wan)條線(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，最高可(ke)達25萬(wan)~30萬(wan)條。當天(tian)(tian)(tian)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)樹(shu)(shu)上咬(yao)食(shi)樹(shu)(shu)木補充營(ying)養時，線(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)就(jiu)從天(tian)(tian)(tian)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)取食(shi)的(de)(de)(de)傷口(kou)進入(ru)樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)，然后蛻皮成(cheng)(cheng)為幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)。被松(song)(song)材(cai)線(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)侵染的(de)(de)(de)松(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)往(wang)往(wang)又(you)是松(song)(song)墨(mo)天(tian)(tian)(tian)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)卵(luan)對(dui)象。翌年(nian)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)罹(li)患病的(de)(de)(de)樹(shu)(shu)林(lin)內(nei)(nei)寄(ji)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)松(song)(song)墨(mo)天(tian)(tian)(tian)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)羽化時又(you)會(hui)攜(xie)帶大(da)量線(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，并“接種”傳播(bo)(bo)到(dao)健康的(de)(de)(de)松(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)上，導(dao)致病害的(de)(de)(de)擴散蔓延。該病害的(de)(de)(de)近距(ju)離(li)傳播(bo)(bo)主要靠松(song)(song)黑天(tian)(tian)(tian)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)攜(xie)帶傳播(bo)(bo)，遠距(ju)離(li)傳播(bo)(bo)主要是人為調運帶疫（帶松(song)(song)材(cai)線(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)(de)天(tian)(tian)(tian)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)）的(de)(de)(de)苗木、松(song)(song)材(cai)、松(song)(song)木包裝箱及松(song)(song)木制品等(deng)進行遠程傳播(bo)(bo)。松(song)(song)材(cai)線(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)雌雄蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)交尾(wei)后產(chan)(chan)卵(luan)，每只雌蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)產(chan)(chan)卵(luan)約(yue)100粒。蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)卵(luan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)25℃下(xia)經(jing)30小時孵(fu)化。幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)共4齡(ling)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)溫(wen)度30℃時，線(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)3天(tian)(tian)(tian)就(jiu)可(ke)以完成(cheng)(cheng)一個世代。松(song)(song)材(cai)線(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)生(sheng)長繁(fan)(fan)(fan)殖的(de)(de)(de)最適宜(yi)溫(wen)度為20℃，低于10℃時不能發(fa)育(yu)，28℃以上時繁(fan)(fan)(fan)殖會(hui)受到(dao)抑制，在(zai)(zai)(zai)33℃以上則不能繁(fan)(fan)(fan)殖。線(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)能在(zai)(zai)(zai)6個月內(nei)(nei)使松(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)死亡，是使松(song)(song)林(lin)大(da)片被毀(hui)的(de)(de)(de)重要害蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)。

松材線(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)病在(zai)(zai)美國、加拿大(da)、墨(mo)西哥、日本、韓國等國均有(you)發(fa)生，20世紀80年代(dai)侵襲中國香(xiang)港，幾(ji)乎毀滅了(le)香(xiang)港分布廣(guang)泛的馬(ma)尾松林。1982年在(zai)(zai)南京中山陵首次被發(fa)現，隨后相繼在(zai)(zai)安徽(hui)、山東、浙江、廣(guang)東等地形成(cheng)幾(ji)個(ge)疾病中心，并向四周擴散，使這些省的局部地區(qu)發(fa)生并流行成(cheng)災，導(dao)致大(da)批松樹枯死。松材線(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)病給安徽(hui)、浙江兩省帶來的經(jing)濟損失高達5億~7億元。由于(yu)松線(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)的毀滅性危害，該蟲(chong)(chong)已被為對(dui)內、對(dui)外的重要檢疫對(dui)象。

傳播媒介

松(song)(song)材線蟲(chong)的媒介昆蟲(chong)有天(tian)牛(niu)(niu)科28個種、吉(ji)丁(ding)科1個屬、脛象科1個屬的昆蟲(chong)。在我國松(song)(song)材線蟲(chong)分布區中，其傳播(bo)媒介均為松(song)(song)墨天(tian)牛(niu)(niu)（Monochamus alternatus）。松(song)(song)墨天(tian)牛(niu)(niu)，屬鞘翅目天(tian)牛(niu)(niu)科溝脛天(tian)牛(niu)(niu)亞科墨天(tian)牛(niu)(niu)屬，幼蟲(chong)有5個齡期，以4、5齡老蟲(chong)在蛹室內越冬，是松(song)(song)樹的蛀干害蟲(chong)，蟲(chong)口密度較高時可導(dao)致松(song)(song)樹死亡。

傳播途徑

①借助媒(mei)介天(tian)牛(niu)或線蟲本身(shen)的移動的自然傳(chuan)播途徑;②借助人為(wei)運(yun)輸并在(zai)媒(mei)介天(tian)牛(niu)的攜帶(dai)下實現遠距離蔓延的人為(wei)傳(chuan)播途徑。

癥狀特點

松(song)材(cai)線蟲病(bing)首先表現為(wei)樹脂分泌減少，蒸(zheng)騰(teng)作(zuo)用下降，接著部(bu)分針葉(xie)失去光澤成灰綠色(se)，并逐(zhu)漸變黃，樹脂停止分泌，最后(hou)(hou)整個樹冠針葉(xie)變成紅褐色(se)，植(zhi)株死(si)亡。無論是(shi)小樹還是(shi)大樹,大多(duo)數植(zhi)株在表現癥狀后(hou)(hou)1一3個月迅速枯(ku)死(si),只有(you)少數植(zhi)株至(zhi)(zhi)次(ci)年春季或初夏枯(ku)死(si)，越年死(si)亡的(de)松(song)樹可(ke)在當年被診斷。有(you)的(de)植(zhi)株感病(bing)后(hou)(hou)，在l一2年內(nei)僅(jin)樹冠上少量枝條枯(ku)死(si)，隨時間推移逐(zhu)漸增多(duo)，直至(zhi)(zhi)全株。在濕地松(song)、馬(ma)尾松(song)、黑(hei)松(song)等植(zhi)株上發(fa)生比較普遍。

檢疫與防治

檢疫檢驗方法

①直觀檢驗:此種方法主要(yao)在產地調查(cha)時(shi)使用(yong)。在調查(cha)時(shi)仔(zi)細觀察(cha)樹木(mu)發育(yu)是否正常，注意(yi)察(cha)看有無(wu)樹脂(zhi)分泌減(jian)少、停止，針(zhen)葉變褐、萎蔫，枝干及整株(zhu)枯死的(de)現象，同時(shi)，觀察(cha)樹干上有無(wu)天牛蛀食的(de)痕跡(ji)、產卵孔(kong)、羽化孔(kong)等，如有再(zai)行解剖檢查(cha)。

②解剖檢驗:用工具將(jiang)可疑感病的樹木(mu)鋸斷劈(pi)開，看材(cai)質重量是否明顯減輕;木(mu)質部有無(wu)藍變現象(xiang);樹干(gan)內有無(wu)松(song)褐(he)天牛(niu)棲(qi)居的痕跡。

③漏斗分離檢驗(yan):從罹(li)病木發病部位或天牛(niu)棲居處(chu)鉆取木材(cai)組織并粉碎，用雙層紗布包好，置于下方帶(dai)有膠管和截流夾的玻璃(li)漏斗上，加水浸泡12h，取下部浸泡液(ye)離心，取其沉(chen)淀(dian)液(ye)15ml，置于解剖(pou)鏡(jing)下，對(dui)照松(song)材(cai)線蟲的形態特征(zheng)進行檢查鑒定。

④打孔流汁(zhi)法檢(jian)驗(yan)(yan):松樹的(de)流汁(zhi)是(shi)比較正常(chang)的(de)，就說明這(zhe)個是(shi)健康的(de)，如果流汁(zhi)不是(shi)很正常(chang)的(de)，拿到取樣到實驗(yan)(yan)室里面檢(jian)測，確定是(shi)否(fou)有染松材線蟲。

檢疫處理方式

木(mu)(mu)(mu)材(cai)及其產品在(zai)使用(yong)前(qian)或(huo)出境(jing)、進境(jing)前(qian)用(yong)60℃熱處理(li)或(huo)殺線(xian)蟲(chong)劑處理(li)。檢疫中(zhong)發(fa)現有(you)攜(xie)帶松材(cai)線(xian)蟲(chong)的松木(mu)(mu)(mu)及包裝箱等制品，應(ying)用(yong)帳幕(mu)熏蒸法進行處理(li)，放在(zai)一(yi)個密封的塑(su)料(liao)紙(zhi)中(zhong)，用(yong)每立方米木(mu)(mu)(mu)材(cai)方5～8磷化(hua)鋁藥丸或(huo)溴甲(jia)烷進行熏蒸，里面留有(you)一(yi)定(ding)的循環空間(jian)，熏蒸7d以上(shang);或(huo)浸泡于水中(zhong)5個月(yue)以上(shang);或(huo)把病樹粉碎后(hou)再進行加工(gong)，立即送工(gong)廠用(yong)作纖維(wei)板(ban)、刨花板(ban)或(huo)紙(zhi)漿等工(gong)業原料(liao)以及作為燃料(liao)及時燒(shao)(shao)毀;對利用(yong)價(jia)值不大的小徑木(mu)(mu)(mu)、枝丫等集中(zhong)燒(shao)(shao)毀，嚴(yan)防遺漏(lou)。

防治措施

（1）對松材線蟲病應加強(qiang)檢疫檢驗，嚴禁被害木外(wai)運(yun)

對種苗(miao)等繁殖(zhi)材料和木材的調動和貿易進行(xing)管理(li)、控制(zhi)和檢驗，防止(zhi)(zhi)危(wei)險(xian)性(xing)病蟲的傳(chuan)播和蔓延(yan)。防止(zhi)(zhi)危(wei)險(xian)性(xing)病蟲由(you)國外(wai)傳(chuan)入或由(you)國內(nei)輸(shu)出，將局部地區發生的危(wei)險(xian)性(xing)病蟲封(feng)鎖在一定范圍(wei)內(nei)，防止(zhi)(zhi)它傳(chuan)播到新(xin)區，并采(cai)取各種積極措施逐步消滅。

（2）選育抗(kang)病樹種

選(xuan)育抗蟲(chong)品(pin)種是預防線蟲(chong)的(de)(de)重(zhong)要的(de)(de)一(yi)環。同(tong)一(yi)樹種由于經過長期的(de)(de)自然選(xuan)擇和人(ren)工選(xuan)擇的(de)(de)結(jie)果，形(xing)成不(bu)同(tong)品(pin)種。其性狀不(bu)同(tong)，抗蟲(chong)能(neng)力也可(ke)能(neng)產生差(cha)異。

（3）積(ji)極防(fang)治(zhi)松(song)墨天牛

人工把長勢很弱的松(song)樹(shu)砍傷，因為松(song)褐(he)天(tian)(tian)(tian)牛最喜(xi)歡到這個(ge)里面產卵(luan)，然后(hou)進(jin)行除害處理(li)，減少對健康松(song)樹(shu)的危害。除此之外(wai)，也(ye)有用(yong)天(tian)(tian)(tian)牛化學引(yin)誘(you)劑(ji)Ⅰ號誘(you)殺(sha)(sha)天(tian)(tian)(tian)牛或(huo)(huo)養(yang)放腫腿蜂(Scleroderma guani)寄(ji)生(sheng)天(tian)(tian)(tian)牛幼蟲(chong)誅殺(sha)(sha)。清除病害的枯(ku)木(mu)或(huo)(huo)瀕于枯(ku)死的樹(shu)木(mu)，集中成(cheng)堆，用(yong)塑料(liao)布密封，以溴甲烷熏蒸5～10h，藥(yao)量為69～83g/m3，可殺(sha)(sha)滅天(tian)(tian)(tian)牛成(cheng)蟲(chong)及幼蟲(chong)。樹(shu)丫集成(cheng)小(xiao)堆燒毀。預防性的噴(pen)藥(yao)，包括(kuo)樹(shu)冠噴(pen)藥(yao)和地面噴(pen)藥(yao)，前者在天(tian)(tian)(tian)牛羽化出來取食(shi)補(bu)充(chong)營養(yang)時噴(pen)藥(yao)，后(hou)者在羽化開始時噴(pen)藥(yao)，噴(pen)藥(yao)一(yi)次可持效(xiao)2．5～3個(ge)月，可用(yong)25%殺(sha)(sha)螟(ming)松(song)乳劑(ji)，每公頃3～3． 6kg。

（4）生物防治

利用白僵菌防治昆蟲(chong)介體，也可用捕線(xian)蟲(chong)真菌來防治松(song)材(cai)線(xian)蟲(chong)。此種方法對人、畜、植(zhi)物安全，對害蟲(chong)有長(chang)期(qi)抑制作用，人工培養(yang)及(ji)使用技術(shu)要求比較嚴格，有時效果(guo)不像藥劑那樣迅(xun)速(su)和明顯。