舌戰群儒出自(zi)明代羅貫中所著章(zhang)回小說《三國(guo)演義》第43回：“諸葛亮舌戰群儒，魯子敬力(li)排眾議。”
故事(shi)講(jiang)述(shu)諸葛亮為聯盟孫權抵(di)抗(kang)曹操的過程中遭到(dao)東吳諸謀(mou)士的責(ze)難，最(zui)后都被(bei)諸葛亮一一反(fan)駁(bo)，啞(ya)口無(wu)言(yan)。
諸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)葛(ge)(ge)(ge)亮(181—234年(nian))，三國時杰出(chu)政(zheng)治(zhi)家、戰略(lve)家、外交家。字孔(kong)明(ming)，號臥龍。諸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)葛(ge)(ge)(ge)亮于漢靈帝光和四年(nian)(181年(nian))出(chu)生于瑯邪(xie)陽都(今(jin)山東(dong)沂南(nan)縣)的一個官吏(li)之(zhi)家。諸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)葛(ge)(ge)(ge)氏(shi)是瑯邪(xie)的望(wang)族，先祖諸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)葛(ge)(ge)(ge)豐曾在西漢元帝時做(zuo)過(guo)司隸校尉(wei)(衛戍京師的長(chang)官)。諸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)葛(ge)(ge)(ge)亮父(fu)(fu)親(qin)諸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)葛(ge)(ge)(ge)圭，字君貢，東(dong)漢末(mo)年(nian)做(zuo)過(guo)泰山郡丞。諸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)葛(ge)(ge)(ge)亮3歲母親(qin)章氏(shi)病逝,諸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)葛(ge)(ge)(ge)亮8歲喪(sang)父(fu)(fu)，與弟弟諸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)葛(ge)(ge)(ge)均一起跟隨(sui)由袁術任命為(wei)豫(yu)章太守(shou)的叔(shu)父(fu)(fu)諸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)葛(ge)(ge)(ge)玄到(dao)豫(yu)章赴任。東(dong)漢朝廷派朱皓取(qu)代了諸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)葛(ge)(ge)(ge)玄職(zhi)務(wu)，諸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)葛(ge)(ge)(ge)玄就去投奔老(lao)朋友荊州牧劉表。
《三國演義》是(shi)中國古代長篇章回小說的開山之作(zuo)。
三(san)國(guo)故事在(zai)我(wo)國(guo)古代(dai)(dai)(dai)民(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)頗為(wei)流(liu)行(xing)。宋(song)元時(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)即被搬上舞臺，金、元演(yan)出(chu)的(de)三(san)國(guo)劇(ju)目達30多種(zhong)。元代(dai)(dai)(dai)至(zhi)治年(nian)(nian)間(jian)(jian)出(chu)現(xian)了(le)(le)新安虞氏所(suo)刊的(de)《全(quan)相三(san)國(guo)志平話》。元末明(ming)(ming)初(chu)羅貫中綜(zong)合民(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)傳說(shuo)和戲(xi)曲、話本，結合陳(chen)壽(shou)《三(san)國(guo)志》和裴(pei)松之(zhi)注的(de)史(shi)(shi)料，根據他個人對(dui)社會(hui)人生(sheng)的(de)體(ti)悟，創作了(le)(le)《三(san)國(guo)志通(tong)俗演(yan)義》，現(xian)存最早刊本是(shi)明(ming)(ming)嘉靖(jing)年(nian)(nian)所(suo)刊刻的(de)，俗稱“嘉靖(jing)本”，本書24卷。清康(kang)熙年(nian)(nian)間(jian)(jian)，毛綸毛宗崗父子辨(bian)正史(shi)(shi)事、增刪文字，修改成今(jin)日(ri)通(tong)行(xing)的(de)120回本《三(san)國(guo)演(yan)義》。《三(san)國(guo)演(yan)義》描(miao)寫(xie)的(de)是(shi)從東(dong)漢(han)末年(nian)(nian)到西晉初(chu)年(nian)(nian)之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)近(jin)一(yi)百年(nian)(nian)的(de)歷史(shi)(shi)風(feng)(feng)云。全(quan)書反映(ying)了(le)(le)三(san)國(guo)時(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)的(de)政(zheng)治軍事斗爭，反映(ying)了(le)(le)三(san)國(guo)時(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)各類社會(hui)矛(mao)盾的(de)滲透與轉化，概括了(le)(le)這(zhe)一(yi)時(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)的(de)歷史(shi)(shi)巨變，塑造了(le)(le)一(yi)批(pi)咤叱風(feng)(feng)云的(de)英(ying)雄人物(wu)。在(zai)對(dui)三(san)國(guo)歷史(shi)(shi)的(de)把(ba)握上，作者表現(xian)出(chu)明(ming)(ming)顯的(de)擁(yong)劉反曹傾向(xiang)，以劉備(bei)集(ji)團作為(wei)描(miao)寫(xie)的(de)中心(xin)，對(dui)劉備(bei)集(ji)團的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)人物(wu)加以歌(ge)頌，對(dui)曹操則極力(li)揭(jie)露(lu)鞭撻。今(jin)天我(wo)們對(dui)于作者的(de)這(zhe)種(zhong)擁(yong)劉反曹的(de)傾向(xiang)應有辯證的(de)認識。尊(zun)劉反曹是(shi)民(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)傳說(shuo)的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)傾向(xiang)，在(zai)羅貫中生(sheng)活的(de)時(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)隱(yin)含(han)著人民(min)(min)(min)對(dui)漢(han)族復興的(de)希望。
《三(san)國(guo)演義(yi)》刻畫了近200個人(ren)物形象，其中(zhong)最為成(cheng)功(gong)的(de)(de)(de)有諸(zhu)葛亮(liang)、曹(cao)操(cao)、關羽、劉備(bei)等人(ren)。諸(zhu)葛亮(liang)是作(zuo)(zuo)者(zhe)心(xin)目中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)“賢相”的(de)(de)(de)化身，他具有“鞠躬盡瘁，死而后已”的(de)(de)(de)高風亮(liang)節，具有近世濟民(min)再造太(tai)平盛世的(de)(de)(de)雄(xiong)心(xin)壯志(zhi)，而且作(zuo)(zuo)者(zhe)還賦予(yu)他呼風喚(huan)雨(yu)、神機妙(miao)算的(de)(de)(de)奇異(yi)本領(ling)。曹(cao)操(cao)是一(yi)(yi)位奸雄(xiong)，他生活(huo)的(de)(de)(de)信條是“寧教我負天下人(ren)，不教天下人(ren)負我”，既有雄(xiong)才大(da)略(lve)，又殘暴奸詐，是一(yi)(yi)個政治野心(xin)家(jia)陰謀家(jia)這與歷史上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)真曹(cao)操(cao)是不可混同的(de)(de)(de)。關羽“威猛剛毅”、“義(yi)重如山”。劉備(bei)被作(zuo)(zuo)者(zhe)塑造成(cheng)為仁民(min)愛物、視(shi)賢下士、知人(ren)善任的(de)(de)(de)仁君典(dian)型。
《三國演義》描寫(xie)了大(da)大(da)小小的(de)戰(zhan)(zhan)爭(zheng)，構思宏(hong)偉，手法多(duo)樣，使我們清晰地(di)看到(dao)了一(yi)場場刀光(guang)血影(ying)的(de)戰(zhan)(zhan)爭(zheng)場面。其中“官渡之(zhi)戰(zhan)(zhan)”和“赤壁之(zhi)戰(zhan)(zhan)”等戰(zhan)(zhan)爭(zheng)的(de)描寫(xie)波瀾起(qi)伏、跌(die)宕跳躍，讀來驚心動魄。
全書的(de)文不(bu)甚深，言不(bu)甚俗，簡潔(jie)明快(kuai)，氣勢充沛，生動活潑。
《三(san)國(guo)演義》帶(dai)來我國(guo)歷史小說創(chuang)作的熱潮，它所塑造的一系列人物形(xing)象(xiang)在我國(guo)已家喻戶曉，婦孺皆知。
《三(san)(san)國演(yan)(yan)義(yi)》的版(ban)本(ben)很多(duo)(duo)，主要(yao)有：明弘治刻本(ben)《三(san)(san)國志通俗演(yan)(yan)義(yi)》，文字粗樸，內(nei)容平易；《三(san)(san)國志演(yan)(yan)義(yi)》，清毛(mao)宗崗增(zeng)刪評點本(ben)，約成書(shu)于康熙初年，該本(ben)在社(she)會上流(liu)傳(chuan)最為廣(guang)泛(fan)。人民(min)文學出版(ban)社(she)多(duo)(duo)次重印出版(ban)。
《三國(guo)演義》第四(si)十三回寫諸葛(ge)亮(liang)只(zhi)身隨魯肅過江(jiang)、游說東吳群臣(chen)。時值劉(liu)備新敗(bai)，退守夏口，曹操大軍(jun)壓境，東吳上(shang)下(xia)(xia)主(zhu)降(jiang)之風日盛。在此(ci)情勢下(xia)(xia)，諸葛(ge)亮(liang)以其超人的膽識(shi)同東吳群儒展開舌戰(zhan)，并以其滔滔辯才使(shi)對手一個(ge)(ge)個(ge)(ge)皆成(cheng)“口”下(xia)(xia)敗(bai)將，并最終說服了孫權，使(shi)孫劉(liu)聯盟共抗(kang)曹操的局面得以形(xing)成(cheng)。
只(zhi)記(ji)載(zai)諸葛亮面(mian)見孫權，東(dong)吳主戰派、主和派相爭日(ri)盛。諸葛亮只(zhi)是節使。
肅乃(nai)引孔(kong)明(ming)至幕下(xia)(xia)。早(zao)見(jian)(jian)張(zhang)昭(zhao)(zhao)、顧雍(yong)等(deng)一(yi)班文武二(er)十余人，峨(e)冠博帶(dai)，整衣端坐。孔(kong)明(ming)逐一(yi)相見(jian)(jian)，各問(wen)姓名(ming)。施禮已畢，坐于(yu)(yu)客位。張(zhang)昭(zhao)(zhao)等(deng)見(jian)(jian)孔(kong)明(ming)豐神(shen)飄灑，器(qi)宇軒昂，料道此(ci)(ci)(ci)人必來游說。張(zhang)昭(zhao)(zhao)先(xian)(xian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)言(yan)挑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)：“昭(zhao)(zhao)乃(nai)江東微末之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士，久聞先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)高(gao)(gao)臥(wo)隆(long)中(zhong)，自(zi)比管(guan)、樂。此(ci)(ci)(ci)語果(guo)有(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乎(hu)？”孔(kong)明(ming)曰(yue)：“此(ci)(ci)(ci)亮平生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)小可(ke)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)比也(ye)(ye)。”昭(zhao)(zhao)曰(yue)：“近聞劉(liu)(liu)豫(yu)(yu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)三(san)顧先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)于(yu)(yu)草廬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)，幸得(de)(de)(de)先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)‘如(ru)魚(yu)得(de)(de)(de)水(shui)’，思欲席卷荊襄。今一(yi)旦以(yi)(yi)(yi)屬曹(cao)(cao)操，未(wei)審是(shi)(shi)何主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)見(jian)(jian)？”孔(kong)明(ming)自(zi)思張(zhang)昭(zhao)(zhao)乃(nai)孫權(quan)手下(xia)(xia)第一(yi)個(ge)謀士，若(ruo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)先(xian)(xian)難倒他(ta)，如(ru)何說得(de)(de)(de)孫權(quan)，遂答曰(yue)：“吾(wu)觀取漢(han)上之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地，易如(ru)反掌。我(wo)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)劉(liu)(liu)豫(yu)(yu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)躬(gong)行仁義，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)忍(ren)奪(duo)同(tong)宗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)基業(ye)，故(gu)力(li)辭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。劉(liu)(liu)琮孺子(zi)，聽(ting)信佞言(yan)，暗自(zi)投降，致使曹(cao)(cao)操得(de)(de)(de)以(yi)(yi)(yi)猖獗。今我(wo)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)屯兵江夏，別有(you)良圖，非等(deng)閑可(ke)知也(ye)(ye)。”昭(zhao)(zhao)曰(yue)：“若(ruo)此(ci)(ci)(ci)，是(shi)(shi)先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)言(yan)行相違也(ye)(ye)。先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)自(zi)比管(guan)、樂——管(guan)仲(zhong)相桓公，霸諸侯(hou)，一(yi)匡天(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)；樂毅(yi)扶持(chi)微弱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)燕(yan)，下(xia)(xia)齊(qi)七十余城(cheng)：此(ci)(ci)(ci)二(er)人者，真濟世(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)才也(ye)(ye)。先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)在草廬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)，但笑(xiao)傲風(feng)(feng)月(yue)，抱膝危坐。今既(ji)從(cong)事劉(liu)(liu)豫(yu)(yu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)，當(dang)(dang)為(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)靈(ling)興(xing)利除害，剿滅亂賊。且(qie)劉(liu)(liu)豫(yu)(yu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)未(wei)得(de)(de)(de)先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)，尚且(qie)縱橫寰宇，割據城(cheng)池(chi)；今得(de)(de)(de)先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，人皆仰望(wang)。雖三(san)尺童蒙，亦謂彪虎生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)翼，將(jiang)見(jian)(jian)漢(han)室復興(xing)，曹(cao)(cao)氏即滅矣。朝廷(ting)舊臣，山(shan)林隱(yin)士，無(wu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)拭目而(er)(er)(er)待(dai)：以(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)拂高(gao)(gao)天(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)云(yun)翳，仰日月(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)光輝，拯民于(yu)(yu)水(shui)火之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)，措(cuo)天(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)于(yu)(yu)衽席之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上，在此(ci)(ci)(ci)時也(ye)(ye)。何先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)自(zi)歸(gui)豫(yu)(yu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)，曹(cao)(cao)兵一(yi)出(chu)，棄(qi)甲拋戈，望(wang)風(feng)(feng)而(er)(er)(er)竄(cuan)；上不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)報劉(liu)(liu)表以(yi)(yi)(yi)安(an)庶民，下(xia)(xia)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)輔孤子(zi)而(er)(er)(er)據疆(jiang)土(tu)；乃(nai)棄(qi)新野，走(zou)樊(fan)城(cheng)，敗(bai)當(dang)(dang)陽，奔夏口，無(wu)容(rong)身(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地：是(shi)(shi)豫(yu)(yu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)既(ji)得(de)(de)(de)先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)，反不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)如(ru)其初也(ye)(ye)。管(guan)仲(zhong)、樂毅(yi)，果(guo)如(ru)是(shi)(shi)乎(hu)？愚(yu)直之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)，幸勿見(jian)(jian)怪！”孔(kong)明(ming)聽(ting)罷，啞(ya)然(ran)而(er)(er)(er)笑(xiao)曰(yue)：“鵬飛萬(wan)(wan)里，其志豈群(qun)鳥能(neng)識哉？譬如(ru)人染沉疴，當(dang)(dang)先(xian)(xian)用糜粥以(yi)(yi)(yi)飲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，和(he)藥(yao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)服之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；待(dai)其腑臟調(diao)和(he)，形體漸安(an)，然(ran)后(hou)用肉食(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)補之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，猛(meng)藥(yao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)治之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)：則病根(gen)盡去，人得(de)(de)(de)全生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)也(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)待(dai)氣脈和(he)緩，便以(yi)(yi)(yi)猛(meng)藥(yao)厚味，欲求安(an)保(bao)，誠(cheng)為(wei)難矣。吾(wu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)劉(liu)(liu)豫(yu)(yu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)，向(xiang)日軍敗(bai)于(yu)(yu)汝南，寄跡劉(liu)(liu)表，兵不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)滿千，將(jiang)止關、張(zhang)、趙云(yun)而(er)(er)(er)已：此(ci)(ci)(ci)正如(ru)病勢(shi)尫羸已極之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時也(ye)(ye)，新野山(shan)僻(pi)小縣，人民稀少，糧食(shi)鮮薄，豫(yu)(yu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)過暫借以(yi)(yi)(yi)容(rong)身(shen)，豈真將(jiang)坐守于(yu)(yu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)耶？夫(fu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)甲兵不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)完，城(cheng)郭不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)固(gu)，軍不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)經練，糧不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)繼日，然(ran)而(er)(er)(er)博望(wang)燒(shao)屯，白河用水(shui)，使夏侯(hou)惇(dun)，曹(cao)(cao)仁輩心驚膽裂(lie)：竊謂管(guan)仲(zhong)、樂毅(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用兵，未(wei)必過此(ci)(ci)(ci)。至于(yu)(yu)劉(liu)(liu)琮降操，豫(yu)(yu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)實出(chu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知；且(qie)又不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)忍(ren)乘(cheng)亂奪(duo)同(tong)宗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)基業(ye)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)真大仁大義也(ye)(ye)。當(dang)(dang)陽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)敗(bai)，豫(yu)(yu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)見(jian)(jian)有(you)數十萬(wan)(wan)赴義之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民，扶老攜幼相隨(sui)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)忍(ren)棄(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，日行十里，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)思進(jin)取江陵，甘與同(tong)敗(bai)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)亦大仁大義也(ye)(ye)。寡(gua)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敵眾，勝負乃(nai)其常事。昔高(gao)(gao)皇數敗(bai)于(yu)(yu)項羽，而(er)(er)(er)垓下(xia)(xia)一(yi)戰成功，此(ci)(ci)(ci)非韓信之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)良謀乎(hu)？夫(fu)信久事高(gao)(gao)皇，未(wei)嘗累勝。蓋國家大計(ji)，社稷(ji)安(an)危，是(shi)(shi)有(you)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)謀。非比夸辯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徒，虛譽欺(qi)人：坐議(yi)立談，無(wu)人可(ke)及；臨機應變，百無(wu)一(yi)能(neng)。——誠(cheng)為(wei)天(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)笑(xiao)耳！”這一(yi)篇言(yan)語，說得(de)(de)(de)張(zhang)昭(zhao)(zhao)并無(wu)一(yi)言(yan)回答。
座上(shang)忽一人(ren)抗(kang)聲(sheng)問曰(yue)：“今曹(cao)公兵(bing)屯百(bai)萬(wan)，將(jiang)列(lie)千員(yuan)，龍驤虎視(shi)(shi)，平吞江(jiang)夏(xia)，公以為何(he)如？”孔(kong)明(ming)視(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，乃虞(yu)翻也(ye)。孔(kong)明(ming)曰(yue)：“曹(cao)操(cao)收袁紹蟻聚(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兵(bing)，劫劉表烏合之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)眾(zhong)(zhong)，雖數(shu)百(bai)萬(wan)不(bu)(bu)足懼(ju)也(ye)。”虞(yu)翻冷笑(xiao)曰(yue)：“軍敗于(yu)當陽(yang)，計(ji)窮于(yu)夏(xia)口(kou)，區區求教于(yu)人(ren)，而(er)猶言‘不(bu)(bu)懼(ju)’，此真大(da)言欺(qi)人(ren)也(ye)！”孔(kong)明(ming)曰(yue)：“劉豫(yu)州以數(shu)千仁義之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)師，安(an)能敵百(bai)萬(wan)殘暴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)眾(zhong)(zhong)？退(tui)守夏(xia)口(kou)，所以待時也(ye)。今江(jiang)東兵(bing)精(jing)糧足，且有長江(jiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)險，猶欲使其主(zhu)屈膝降賊，不(bu)(bu)顧(gu)天下恥笑(xiao)。——由此論(lun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，劉豫(yu)州真不(bu)(bu)懼(ju)操(cao)賊者矣(yi)！”虞(yu)翻不(bu)(bu)能對。
座(zuo)間又一人問曰：“孔明欲(yu)效(xiao)儀、秦之(zhi)舌，游說東吳耶(ye)？”孔明視之(zhi)，乃步(bu)騭(zhi)也(ye)。孔明曰：“步(bu)子(zi)山(shan)以蘇(su)秦張儀為辯士，不知蘇(su)秦、張儀亦豪杰也(ye)：蘇(su)秦佩六國相印，張儀兩次(ci)相秦，皆(jie)有匡扶(fu)人國之(zhi)謀，非比畏(wei)強凌(ling)弱，懼刀避劍之(zhi)人也(ye)。君等聞曹(cao)操虛發詐偽之(zhi)詞，便畏(wei)懼請(qing)降，敢(gan)笑蘇(su)秦、張儀乎？”步(bu)騭(zhi)默然無(wu)語。
忽(hu)一(yi)人(ren)(ren)問曰(yue)(yue)：“孔(kong)明以曹(cao)操何如人(ren)(ren)也(ye)？”孔(kong)明視其人(ren)(ren)，乃(nai)薛綜(zong)(zong)(zong)也(ye)。孔(kong)明答(da)曰(yue)(yue)：“曹(cao)操乃(nai)漢賊(zei)也(ye)，又(you)何必問？”綜(zong)(zong)(zong)曰(yue)(yue)：“公言(yan)差(cha)矣(yi)。漢傳世至今，天(tian)數(shu)將終。今曹(cao)公已(yi)有天(tian)下三(san)分(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)二，人(ren)(ren)皆歸心。劉豫(yu)州不(bu)(bu)識天(tian)時，強欲與爭，正如以卵擊石，安得(de)不(bu)(bu)敗乎？”孔(kong)明厲聲(sheng)曰(yue)(yue)：“薛敬文安得(de)出此無父(fu)無君之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)乎！夫人(ren)(ren)生(sheng)天(tian)地(di)間，以忠孝為(wei)立(li)身之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本。公既為(wei)漢臣，則(ze)見有不(bu)(bu)臣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)，當(dang)誓共戮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)：臣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道也(ye)。今曹(cao)操祖宗叨食(shi)漢祿(lu)，不(bu)(bu)思報效，反懷(huai)篡逆之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心，天(tian)下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所共憤(fen)；公乃(nai)以天(tian)數(shu)歸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，真無父(fu)無君之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)也(ye)！不(bu)(bu)足與語！請(qing)勿復言(yan)！”薛綜(zong)(zong)(zong)滿面羞慚，不(bu)(bu)能對答(da)。
座上又一人應(ying)聲問曰：“曹(cao)操雖挾(xie)天子(zi)以(yi)令諸侯，猶是(shi)相國(guo)曹(cao)參之(zhi)后。劉豫州(zhou)雖云中山靖王苗裔，卻無可稽(ji)考(kao)，眼見(jian)(jian)只是(shi)織席販屨(ju)之(zhi)夫耳，何足與曹(cao)操抗衡哉！”孔明(ming)視之(zhi)，乃(nai)陸績(ji)也(ye)。孔明(ming)笑曰：“公非(fei)袁術(shu)座間(jian)懷橘之(zhi)陸郎乎(hu)？請(qing)安坐，聽吾(wu)一言：曹(cao)操既為曹(cao)相國(guo)之(zhi)后，則世為漢(han)臣矣；今乃(nai)專(zhuan)權(quan)肆橫，欺凌君父(fu)，是(shi)不惟無君，亦且蔑祖(zu)，不惟漢(han)室之(zhi)亂臣，亦曹(cao)氏之(zhi)賊子(zi)也(ye)。劉豫州(zhou)堂堂帝胄(zhou)，當今皇帝，按譜賜爵，何云‘無可稽(ji)考(kao)’？且高祖(zu)起身亭(ting)長，而終(zhong)有天下(xia)；織席販屨(ju)，又何足為辱乎(hu)？公小兒之(zhi)見(jian)(jian)，不足與高士(shi)共語！”陸績(ji)語塞。
座上一人忽曰：“孔明所言(yan)，皆(jie)強詞奪理，均(jun)非正論，不必再(zai)言(yan)。且請問孔明治何(he)經典(dian)？”孔明視之(zhi)(zhi)，乃嚴(yan)畯也(ye)。孔明曰：“尋(xun)章摘句，世之(zhi)(zhi)腐(fu)儒也(ye)，何(he)能(neng)興邦立事(shi)？且古耕莘(xin)伊尹，釣渭(wei)子牙，張良(liang)、陳平(ping)之(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)。鄧禹、耿弇之(zhi)(zhi)輩，皆(jie)有匡扶宇宙之(zhi)(zhi)才，未審其生平(ping)治何(he)經典(dian)。——豈亦效書生，區區于筆硯之(zhi)(zhi)間，數黑論黃，舞(wu)文(wen)弄墨而(er)已乎？”嚴(yan)畯低頭喪(sang)氣而(er)不能(neng)對。
忽又一(yi)人(ren)(ren)大(da)聲曰：“公好(hao)為大(da)言(yan)，未必真有(you)實(shi)學，恐適為儒者(zhe)所笑耳。”孔(kong)明(ming)視其人(ren)(ren)，乃汝陽程德樞也(ye)。孔(kong)明(ming)答曰：“儒有(you)小(xiao)人(ren)(ren)君子之別。君子之儒，忠(zhong)君愛國，守正惡邪(xie)，務使(shi)澤及當時(shi)，名(ming)留后(hou)世(shi)。——若夫小(xiao)人(ren)(ren)之儒，惟務雕蟲，專工翰墨(mo)，青春作賦，皓首窮經；筆下雖(sui)有(you)千言(yan)，胸中實(shi)無一(yi)策。且如揚(yang)雄以(yi)文(wen)章名(ming)世(shi)，而屈身事莽，不(bu)免投閣而死，此所謂小(xiao)人(ren)(ren)之儒也(ye)；雖(sui)日賦萬(wan)言(yan)，亦何取哉！”程德樞不(bu)能對(dui)。眾人(ren)(ren)見孔(kong)明(ming)對(dui)答如流，盡皆失色。
同坐上張溫、駱(luo)統二人(ren)(ren)，又欲問(wen)難(nan)(nan)。忽一人(ren)(ren)自外(wai)而(er)入，厲(li)聲言曰(yue)：“孔(kong)(kong)明乃(nai)當世(shi)(shi)奇才，君等以唇舌相難(nan)(nan)，非(fei)敬(jing)客之(zhi)禮(li)也。曹操(cao)大(da)兵臨(lin)境，不(bu)思退(tui)敵之(zhi)策(ce)，乃(nai)徒斗口耶！”眾視其人(ren)(ren)，乃(nai)零陵(ling)人(ren)(ren)，姓黃，名蓋，字公(gong)覆，現(xian)為東吳(wu)糧官(guan)。當時黃蓋謂孔(kong)(kong)明曰(yue)：“愚(yu)聞多言獲利，不(bu)如默而(er)無言。何不(bu)將金石之(zhi)論為我(wo)主言之(zhi)，乃(nai)與(yu)眾人(ren)(ren)辯論也？”孔(kong)(kong)明曰(yue)：“諸(zhu)君不(bu)知(zhi)世(shi)(shi)務，互相問(wen)難(nan)(nan)，不(bu)容不(bu)答耳。”于是黃蓋與(yu)魯肅引(yin)孔(kong)(kong)明入。至中門，正遇諸(zhu)葛瑾，孔(kong)(kong)明施禮(li)。瑾曰(yue)：“賢(xian)弟(di)既到江東，如何不(bu)來見我(wo)？”孔(kong)(kong)明曰(yue)：“弟(di)既事劉豫州，理宜先公(gong)后私。公(gong)事未畢，不(bu)敢及私。望(wang)兄見諒(liang)。”瑾曰(yue)：“賢(xian)弟(di)見過吳(wu)侯，卻(que)來敘話。”說罷自去。
魯(lu)肅(su)(su)(su)(su)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“適間所(suo)囑，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)有(you)(you)誤。”孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)點頭應諾。引至堂(tang)(tang)上，孫(sun)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)降階而(er)(er)迎，優禮相(xiang)(xiang)待(dai)(dai)。施禮畢(bi)，賜孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)坐。眾(zhong)文武分兩(liang)行而(er)(er)立(li)。魯(lu)肅(su)(su)(su)(su)立(li)于孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)側，只看(kan)他(ta)講話。孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)致玄(xuan)德之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意畢(bi)，偷眼看(kan)孫(sun)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)：碧眼紫髯(ran)，堂(tang)(tang)堂(tang)(tang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)表。孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)暗思：“此(ci)(ci)人(ren)相(xiang)(xiang)貌非(fei)常，只可(ke)激，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)說。等他(ta)問時(shi)，用言(yan)(yan)激之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)便(bian)了。”獻茶已畢(bi)，孫(sun)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“多聞魯(lu)子敬談足下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)才，今幸得(de)相(xiang)(xiang)見(jian)(jian)，敢(gan)求(qiu)教益。”孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)才無(wu)(wu)學，有(you)(you)辱明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)問。”權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“足下(xia)近在新野，佐劉豫州(zhou)與曹操(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)決戰(zhan)，必深知彼(bi)軍(jun)(jun)虛實(shi)。”孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“劉豫州(zhou)兵(bing)(bing)微將(jiang)寡(gua)，更兼(jian)新野城(cheng)小無(wu)(wu)糧，安(an)能(neng)(neng)與曹操(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)相(xiang)(xiang)持。”權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“曹兵(bing)(bing)共有(you)(you)多少？”孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“馬步(bu)水軍(jun)(jun)，約有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)百(bai)(bai)余萬(wan)。”權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“莫非(fei)詐乎(hu)？”孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“非(fei)詐也(ye)(ye)。曹操(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)就兗州(zhou)已有(you)(you)青州(zhou)軍(jun)(jun)二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)萬(wan)；平(ping)了袁紹，又(you)(you)得(de)五(wu)六十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)萬(wan)；中(zhong)原(yuan)新招之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兵(bing)(bing)三(san)四十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)萬(wan)；今又(you)(you)得(de)荊州(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)軍(jun)(jun)二(er)三(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)萬(wan)：以此(ci)(ci)計(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)下(xia)一(yi)(yi)(yi)百(bai)(bai)五(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)萬(wan)。亮以百(bai)(bai)萬(wan)言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，恐驚江東(dong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士也(ye)(ye)。”魯(lu)肅(su)(su)(su)(su)在旁，聞言(yan)(yan)失色(se)，以目視孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)；孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)只做不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)見(jian)(jian)。權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“曹操(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)部下(xia)戰(zhan)將(jiang)，還有(you)(you)多少？”孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“足智(zhi)多謀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士，能(neng)(neng)征慣戰(zhan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)將(jiang)，何(he)止一(yi)(yi)(yi)二(er)千人(ren)。”權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“今曹操(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)平(ping)了荊、楚，復(fu)(fu)有(you)(you)遠圖(tu)乎(hu)？”孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“即今沿(yan)江下(xia)寨，準(zhun)備戰(zhan)船，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)欲圖(tu)江東(dong)，待(dai)(dai)取何(he)地(di)？”權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“若彼(bi)有(you)(you)吞(tun)并之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意，戰(zhan)與不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)戰(zhan)，請足下(xia)為我一(yi)(yi)(yi)決。”孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“亮有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)言(yan)(yan)，但恐將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)肯聽從。”權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“愿聞高論。”孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“向(xiang)者宇內大亂，故(gu)(gu)將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)起(qi)江東(dong)，劉豫州(zhou)收眾(zhong)漢南，與曹操(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)并爭天(tian)下(xia)。今操(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)芟除大難，略已平(ping)矣；近又(you)(you)新破荊州(zhou)，威(wei)震海(hai)內；縱(zong)有(you)(you)英雄，無(wu)(wu)用武之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)：故(gu)(gu)豫州(zhou)遁逃至此(ci)(ci)。愿將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)量力而(er)(er)處(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)：若能(neng)(neng)以吳、越之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)眾(zhong)，與中(zhong)國抗衡，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)如(ru)(ru)(ru)早(zao)與之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)絕；若其不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)，何(he)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)從眾(zhong)謀士之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)論，按(an)兵(bing)(bing)束甲，北(bei)面(mian)而(er)(er)事之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)？”權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)未及答。孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)又(you)(you)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)外托服(fu)從之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名，內懷疑貳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)見(jian)(jian)，事急(ji)而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)斷，禍至無(wu)(wu)日矣！”權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“誠(cheng)如(ru)(ru)(ru)君言(yan)(yan)，劉豫州(zhou)何(he)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)降操(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)？”孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“昔田橫，齊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)壯士耳(er)，猶守義(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)辱。況劉豫州(zhou)王室之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)胄，英才蓋世，眾(zhong)士仰慕。事之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)濟，此(ci)(ci)乃天(tian)也(ye)(ye)。又(you)(you)安(an)能(neng)(neng)屈(qu)處(chu)人(ren)下(xia)乎(hu)！”孫(sun)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)聽了孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)此(ci)(ci)言(yan)(yan)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)覺勃然變色(se)，拂衣而(er)(er)起(qi)，退入后堂(tang)(tang)。眾(zhong)皆哂笑而(er)(er)散，魯(lu)肅(su)(su)(su)(su)責孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“先生(sheng)何(he)故(gu)(gu)出(chu)此(ci)(ci)言(yan)(yan)？幸是吾(wu)主(zhu)寬洪大度，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)即面(mian)責。先生(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)，藐視吾(wu)主(zhu)甚矣。”孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)仰面(mian)笑曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“何(he)如(ru)(ru)(ru)此(ci)(ci)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)容(rong)物(wu)耶！我自有(you)(you)破曹之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)計(ji)，彼(bi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)問我，我故(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)。”肅(su)(su)(su)(su)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“果有(you)(you)良(liang)策(ce)，肅(su)(su)(su)(su)當(dang)請主(zhu)公求(qiu)教。”孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“吾(wu)視曹操(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)百(bai)(bai)萬(wan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)眾(zhong)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)群蟻耳(er)！但我一(yi)(yi)(yi)舉手，則(ze)皆為齏粉矣！”肅(su)(su)(su)(su)聞言(yan)(yan)，便(bian)入后堂(tang)(tang)見(jian)(jian)孫(sun)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)。權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)怒氣(qi)未息(xi)，顧謂肅(su)(su)(su)(su)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)欺吾(wu)太甚！”肅(su)(su)(su)(su)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“臣亦以此(ci)(ci)責孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)，孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)反笑主(zhu)公不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)容(rong)物(wu)。破曹之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)策(ce)，孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)肯輕言(yan)(yan)，主(zhu)公何(he)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)求(qiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)？”權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)回嗔作(zuo)喜曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“原(yuan)來孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)有(you)(you)良(liang)謀，故(gu)(gu)以言(yan)(yan)詞激我。我一(yi)(yi)(yi)時(shi)淺見(jian)(jian)，幾誤大事。”便(bian)同魯(lu)肅(su)(su)(su)(su)重復(fu)(fu)出(chu)堂(tang)(tang)，再請孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)敘(xu)話。權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)見(jian)(jian)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)，謝曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“適來冒瀆威(wei)嚴，幸勿(wu)見(jian)(jian)罪。”孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)亦謝曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“亮言(yan)(yan)語冒犯，望(wang)乞恕罪。”權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)邀孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)入后堂(tang)(tang)，置酒相(xiang)(xiang)待(dai)(dai)。
數巡(xun)之(zhi)后(hou)，權曰：“曹(cao)(cao)操平(ping)生所(suo)惡者(zhe)：呂(lv)布、劉(liu)(liu)表、袁紹(shao)、袁術、豫州(zhou)與孤耳。今數雄已(yi)滅，獨豫州(zhou)與孤尚存。孤不能以全吳之(zhi)地(di)，受制于人(ren)。吾(wu)計決矣。非劉(liu)(liu)豫州(zhou)莫與當曹(cao)(cao)操者(zhe)；然豫州(zhou)新敗(bai)(bai)之(zhi)后(hou)，安(an)能抗此(ci)難乎？”孔(kong)明曰：“豫州(zhou)雖新敗(bai)(bai)，然關云長猶率精(jing)兵萬人(ren)；劉(liu)(liu)琦領江夏戰(zhan)士，亦(yi)不下萬人(ren)。曹(cao)(cao)操之(zhi)眾，遠來疲(pi)憊；近(jin)追豫州(zhou)，輕騎一日(ri)夜行(xing)三(san)百里，此(ci)所(suo)謂強弩之(zhi)末，勢(shi)不能穿魯(lu)縞(gao)者(zhe)也。且(qie)北(bei)方之(zhi)人(ren)，不習水戰(zhan)。荊(jing)州(zhou)士民附操者(zhe)，迫于勢(shi)耳，非本心也。今將(jiang)軍誠能與豫州(zhou)協力同心，破曹(cao)(cao)軍必矣。操軍破，必北(bei)還，則荊(jing)、吳之(zhi)勢(shi)強，而(er)鼎足之(zhi)形成矣。成敗(bai)(bai)之(zhi)機，在于今日(ri)。惟將(jiang)軍裁(cai)之(zhi)。”
魯肅回報孫權(quan)(quan)(quan)，孫權(quan)(quan)(quan)安(an)排第二天(tian)(tian)召集文(wen)武(wu)(wu)于(yu)(yu)帳(zhang)下(xia)(xia)，請臥龍先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)來(lai)，升堂議事(shi)。第二天(tian)(tian)，魯肅到驛館接(jie)孔(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)同往孫權(quan)(quan)(quan)大(da)(da)帳(zhang)中(zhong)。孔(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)只見(jian)(jian)張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)昭(zhao)(zhao)、顧雍等(deng)(deng)一(yi)班二十多(duo)位文(wen)武(wu)(wu)官員(yuan)，峨冠博帶(dai)，整衣端坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。孔(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)一(yi)一(yi)見(jian)(jian)禮，之(zhi)(zhi)后在(zai)(zai)客位上(shang)落坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)昭(zhao)(zhao)等(deng)(deng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)看(kan)到諸葛(ge)孔(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)豐神飄灑(sa)，器宇軒(xuan)昂，料他(ta)一(yi)定(ding)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)來(lai)游說的(de)(de)(de)。張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)昭(zhao)(zhao)便率(lv)先(xian)(xian)(xian)開口(kou)試問孔(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)：“我(wo)張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)昭(zhao)(zhao)乃(nai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)江(jiang)東的(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)物(wu)，早(zao)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)聽(ting)(ting)說先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)高臥隆中(zhong)，自(zi)比管仲、樂(le)毅(yi)，有(you)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)樣的(de)(de)(de)事(shi)嗎？”孔(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)回答道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)：“這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)只不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)過(guo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)亮平生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個(ge)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)可(ke)(ke)之(zhi)(zhi)比。”張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)昭(zhao)(zhao)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)：“新(xin)近聽(ting)(ting)說劉(liu)(liu)備(bei)劉(liu)(liu)豫(yu)(yu)州(zhou)三顧先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)于(yu)(yu)草廬之(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)，幸得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)，以(yi)為(wei)‘如(ru)魚得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水’因而(er)欲想席卷荊(jing)襄。如(ru)今荊(jing)襄卻(que)一(yi)下(xia)(xia)歸屬了(le)(le)曹(cao)(cao)操，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)你們是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)何用(yong)意啊？”孔(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)暗想：張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)昭(zhao)(zhao)乃(nai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)孫權(quan)(quan)(quan)手下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)第一(yi)謀(mou)士，若不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)先(xian)(xian)(xian)難(nan)(nan)倒他(ta)，如(ru)何說服得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)了(le)(le)孫權(quan)(quan)(quan)？于(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)答道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)：“在(zai)(zai)我(wo)看(kan)來(lai)，我(wo)主(zhu)(zhu)取漢(han)上(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)地(di)易(yi)如(ru)反掌。我(wo)主(zhu)(zhu)劉(liu)(liu)備(bei)謙卑仁義，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)忍(ren)去奪同宗兄弟(di)的(de)(de)(de)基業，因此(ci)將(jiang)荊(jing)州(zhou)推讓掉了(le)(le)。劉(liu)(liu)琮是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)個(ge)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)孩子，聽(ting)(ting)任佞(ning)言，私自(zi)投(tou)降，致使曹(cao)(cao)操很猖獗(jue)。如(ru)今我(wo)主(zhu)(zhu)屯兵(bing)江(jiang)夏，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)另有(you)良圖，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)可(ke)(ke)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等(deng)(deng)閑之(zhi)(zhi)輩(bei)所能(neng)(neng)理(li)解的(de)(de)(de)。”張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)昭(zhao)(zhao)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)：“如(ru)果是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)樣，先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)可(ke)(ke)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)自(zi)相矛(mao)盾(dun)了(le)(le)。先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)自(zi)比管仲、樂(le)毅(yi)，管仲輔(fu)佐(zuo)(zuo)桓公稱霸諸侯(hou)(hou)，一(yi)統天(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)；樂(le)毅(yi)扶(fu)(fu)持微(wei)弱的(de)(de)(de)燕(yan)國(guo)，拿(na)下(xia)(xia)齊國(guo)七十多(duo)個(ge)城池(chi)。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)兩(liang)個(ge)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，可(ke)(ke)都是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)濟世之(zhi)(zhi)才(cai)啊！而(er)先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)只會在(zai)(zai)草廬之(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)笑(xiao)傲風(feng)月(yue)、抱膝危(wei)(wei)坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。如(ru)今既然事(shi)從(cong)劉(liu)(liu)備(bei)，就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)該(gai)為(wei)百姓牟利益，除(chu)害滅賊。然而(er)劉(liu)(liu)備(bei)在(zai)(zai)未得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)，尚能(neng)(neng)夠縱(zong)橫天(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)，割據城地(di)；如(ru)今得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)了(le)(le)先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們更加(jia)仰望(wang)(wang)(wang)，就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)連三歲(sui)的(de)(de)(de)幼童都說劉(liu)(liu)備(bei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)如(ru)虎添翼(yi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)久(jiu)漢(han)室(shi)興旺(wang)，曹(cao)(cao)操可(ke)(ke)滅了(le)(le)。朝野(ye)上(shang)下(xia)(xia)無(wu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)拭目以(yi)待，對先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)抱著極大(da)(da)希望(wang)(wang)(wang)。可(ke)(ke)為(wei)何自(zi)從(cong)先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)跟了(le)(le)劉(liu)(liu)備(bei)，曹(cao)(cao)兵(bing)一(yi)來(lai)，你們就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)丟盔(kui)卸甲(jia)，望(wang)(wang)(wang)風(feng)而(er)竄，棄(qi)新(xin)野(ye)，走樊城，敗當陽，奔夏口(kou)，無(wu)容身之(zhi)(zhi)地(di)。如(ru)此(ci)辜(gu)負了(le)(le)劉(liu)(liu)表(biao)(biao)遺愿，令天(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)百姓大(da)(da)失所望(wang)(wang)(wang)。那(nei)劉(liu)(liu)豫(yu)(yu)州(zhou)自(zi)從(cong)有(you)了(le)(le)先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)，為(wei)何反倒不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)如(ru)當初了(le)(le)呢(ni)？管仲、樂(le)毅(yi)難(nan)(nan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)樣的(de)(de)(de)嗎？我(wo)的(de)(de)(de)話愚(yu)魯直率(lv)，請先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)要(yao)見(jian)(jian)怪！”孔(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)聽(ting)(ting)罷，無(wu)聲地(di)笑(xiao)了(le)(le)笑(xiao)，說道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)：“大(da)(da)鵬展(zhan)翅飛(fei)萬(wan)里，它的(de)(de)(de)志向(xiang)難(nan)(nan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)那(nei)些小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)燕(yan)雀能(neng)(neng)認識的(de)(de)(de)嗎？比如(ru)一(yi)個(ge)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)了(le)(le)多(duo)年的(de)(de)(de)痼疾，應當先(xian)(xian)(xian)給(gei)他(ta)喝點(dian)稀(xi)粥，同藥(yao)(yao)一(yi)起服下(xia)(xia)。等(deng)(deng)到他(ta)肺腹調和、形(xing)體慢慢養(yang)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)穩些了(le)(le)，再(zai)用(yong)肉食(shi)補養(yang)，加(jia)上(shang)效力強的(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)(yao)治療，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)樣病根才(cai)能(neng)(neng)除(chu)盡，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)以(yi)全面康復(fu)。如(ru)果不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)等(deng)(deng)病人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)氣脈緩和，就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)給(gei)他(ta)吃烈(lie)藥(yao)(yao)和味道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)厚重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)食(shi)物(wu)，想要(yao)求得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平安(an)，實在(zai)(zai)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)難(nan)(nan)了(le)(le)。我(wo)主(zhu)(zhu)劉(liu)(liu)備(bei)，以(yi)前兵(bing)敗于(yu)(yu)汝南(nan)，寄靠在(zai)(zai)劉(liu)(liu)表(biao)(biao)門(men)下(xia)(xia)，兵(bing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)到一(yi)千，將(jiang)只關(guan)、張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)、趙云，正像是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)到了(le)(le)病重(zhong)危(wei)(wei)急的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)刻。新(xin)野(ye)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)縣地(di)僻人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)稀(xi)糧又少，他(ta)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)過(guo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)暫時(shi)借以(yi)安(an)身，怎(zen)可(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)長久(jiu)坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)守在(zai)(zai)那(nei)里呢(ni)？但就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)樣的(de)(de)(de)處(chu)境條件下(xia)(xia)，卻(que)能(neng)(neng)夠火燒博望(wang)(wang)(wang)，水淹曹(cao)(cao)軍，令夏侯(hou)(hou)惇等(deng)(deng)心驚膽寒(han)。依我(wo)看(kan)來(lai)，就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)管仲、樂(le)毅(yi)用(yong)兵(bing)，也不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)過(guo)如(ru)此(ci)吧。至于(yu)(yu)劉(liu)(liu)琮投(tou)降曹(cao)(cao)操，豫(yu)(yu)州(zhou)當時(shi)根本不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)，且又不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)忍(ren)心乘亂奪取同宗之(zhi)(zhi)業；當陽之(zhi)(zhi)敗，豫(yu)(yu)州(zhou)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)忍(ren)丟下(xia)(xia)百姓，幾十萬(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)扶(fu)(fu)老攜幼相隨渡江(jiang)，每日與民一(yi)同顛簸十余里路而(er)放棄(qi)去取江(jiang)陵，真是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)仁大(da)(da)義啊！寡不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敵眾，勝(sheng)負乃(nai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)兵(bing)家常事(shi)。昔日漢(han)高祖劉(liu)(liu)邦多(duo)次(ci)(ci)敗給(gei)項(xiang)羽(yu)，然而(er)垓下(xia)(xia)一(yi)戰卻(que)取得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)了(le)(le)決定(ding)性勝(sheng)利，難(nan)(nan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)因為(wei)韓(han)信為(wei)他(ta)出(chu)了(le)(le)良謀(mou)嗎？可(ke)(ke)韓(han)信扶(fu)(fu)佐(zuo)(zuo)劉(liu)(liu)邦那(nei)么久(jiu)，也沒得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)幾次(ci)(ci)勝(sheng)利啊。因此(ci)說，國(guo)家大(da)(da)事(shi)，天(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)安(an)危(wei)(wei)，要(yao)靠謀(mou)劃。那(nei)些夸夸其(qi)談(tan)、善于(yu)(yu)巧辯之(zhi)(zhi)徒(tu)，靠虛榮之(zhi)(zhi)氣壓人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)；盡管能(neng)(neng)夠坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)著議論(lun)、站著高談(tan)，可(ke)(ke)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)到了(le)(le)關(guan)鍵時(shi)刻應付各種(zhong)形(xing)勢變化，卻(que)什么都不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)行(xing)了(le)(le)。——這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)才(cai)真正是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)叫(jiao)天(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)恥笑(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)呀！”孔(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)一(yi)番話，說得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)昭(zhao)(zhao)沒有(you)一(yi)句可(ke)(ke)以(yi)對答。
這時座中一人忽然高聲問道：“如(ru)今曹(cao)(cao)公(gong)屯兵百萬(wan)，列(lie)將千名(ming)，虎視眈(dan)眈(dan)要踏平、吞食江(jiang)夏，先生認(ren)為該怎么辦呢？”孔(kong)明(ming)望去，乃是(shi)虞(yu)翻(fan)。孔(kong)明(ming)道：“曹(cao)(cao)操(cao)收(shou)并了袁紹蟻聚之(zhi)兵，劫劉(liu)表(biao)烏合之(zhi)眾(zhong)，雖(sui)然百萬(wan)之(zhi)軍(jun)，也沒什(shen)么可(ke)怕。”虞(yu)翻(fan)一聽(ting)冷(leng)笑道：“你(ni)們軍(jun)敗(bai)于當陽，計窮于夏口(kou)，區區求救于人，還(huan)說‘不怕’，這可(ke)真是(shi)大言不慚啊！”孔(kong)明(ming)道：“劉(liu)備不是(shi)只(zhi)靠(kao)幾千仁(ren)義之(zhi)師，就能抵抗(kang)百萬(wan)殘(can)暴之(zhi)眾(zhong)的(de)嗎？退守夏口(kou)是(shi)為了等待更好的(de)時機。而如(ru)今，你(ni)們江(jiang)東兵精(jing)糧足，且憑借有(you)長江(jiang)之(zhi)天險，有(you)的(de)人卻還(huan)想要主(zhu)公(gong)孫(sun)權屈膝投降曹(cao)(cao)賊，而竟不顧(gu)天下人的(de)恥(chi)笑。——從這一點來看，劉(liu)備難道是(shi)怕曹(cao)(cao)操(cao)的(de)嗎？”虞(yu)翻(fan)被說得啞口(kou)無(wu)言了。
座中又一(yi)人(ren)發問(wen)道(dao)：“孔明先(xian)生難道(dao)想效法張儀(yi)(yi)(yi)和(he)蘇(su)秦來游(you)說(shuo)我們東吳嗎(ma)？”孔明一(yi)看，是(shi)步(bu)騭，回敬道(dao)：“步(bu)子山先(xian)生以為張儀(yi)(yi)(yi)、蘇(su)秦是(shi)辯(bian)士，卻大概還不知道(dao)他二人(ren)也(ye)是(shi)豪杰吧；蘇(su)秦佩(pei)掛(gua)六國相(xiang)印，張儀(yi)(yi)(yi)兩次(ci)為秦國宰相(xiang)，都(dou)是(shi)匡扶國家的(de)謀士，可不是(shi)那(nei)些畏強欺弱、怕(pa)刀怕(pa)槍的(de)人(ren)所(suo)能比的(de)。君等只聽曹(cao)操虛發的(de)假詐之詞，就嚇得想去投降，還竟(jing)好意思在這里笑話(hua)蘇(su)秦和(he)張儀(yi)(yi)(yi)嗎(ma)？”步(bu)騭也(ye)被問(wen)得說(shuo)不出話(hua)了。
忽然，又有(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)(ren)問(wen)道(dao)(dao)：“孔明(ming)認為曹(cao)(cao)操(cao)是(shi)個(ge)什么(me)(me)人(ren)(ren)(ren)呢(ni)(ni)？”孔明(ming)看(kan)那人(ren)(ren)(ren)，乃(nai)是(shi)薛綜，答(da)道(dao)(dao)：“曹(cao)(cao)操(cao)乃(nai)是(shi)漢(han)賊(zei)，這(zhe)還(huan)用問(wen)嗎？”薛綜道(dao)(dao)：“先生說(shuo)(shuo)得(de)不(bu)(bu)對。漢(han)朝歷代至今，天(tian)數眼看(kan)就要完(wan)了。如今曹(cao)(cao)公擁有(you)(you)三分之(zhi)(zhi)二天(tian)下，人(ren)(ren)(ren)都(dou)歸心(xin)與他。劉備不(bu)(bu)識天(tian)時(shi)，強要與之(zhi)(zhi)分爭，正(zheng)是(shi)好比以卵(luan)擊石，怎能(neng)不(bu)(bu)敗(bai)呢(ni)(ni)？”孔明(ming)這(zhe)時(shi)厲聲說(shuo)(shuo)道(dao)(dao)：“薛敬文怎么(me)(me)能(neng)出此(ci)沒(mei)(mei)有(you)(you)君臣父子、沒(mei)(mei)有(you)(you)高低倫理之(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)呢(ni)(ni)？人(ren)(ren)(ren)生在天(tian)地之(zhi)(zhi)間，應以忠孝作為立(li)身之(zhi)(zhi)本(ben)。薛公既然是(shi)漢(han)臣，卻(que)有(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)臣之(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)，應當打消這(zhe)些思想，才(cai)是(shi)為臣的(de)正(zheng)道(dao)(dao)。曹(cao)(cao)操(cao)的(de)祖(zu)宗食漢(han)祿，卻(que)不(bu)(bu)思報(bao)孝漢(han)室(shi)，反懷有(you)(you)篡權叛逆(ni)之(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)，讓天(tian)下人(ren)(ren)(ren)憎忿，薛公卻(que)說(shuo)(shuo)天(tian)數歸之(zhi)(zhi)曹(cao)(cao)操(cao)，真是(shi)無父無君、沒(mei)(mei)有(you)(you)綱(gang)常的(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)呀！我(wo)沒(mei)(mei)有(you)(you)必(bi)要同你講話(hua)，請不(bu)(bu)必(bi)多言(yan)了！”薛綜滿面羞(xiu)慚，無話(hua)對答(da)。
座上(shang)又(you)有(you)一人應聲問(wen)道(dao)：“曹(cao)操(cao)雖然挾(xie)天子以(yi)令諸侯(hou)，可(ke)畢竟也是(shi)(shi)(shi)相(xiang)國(guo)曹(cao)參的(de)后(hou)代。劉備(bei)雖自說是(shi)(shi)(shi)所謂中(zhong)山靖王(wang)的(de)苗(miao)裔，卻沒(mei)有(you)考證，人們親眼所見的(de)，他(ta)(ta)只不(bu)過是(shi)(shi)(shi)一個編草(cao)席賣(mai)草(cao)鞋(xie)的(de)俗夫(fu)罷(ba)了，有(you)什么(me)資格來(lai)和曹(cao)操(cao)抗衡呢！”孔明(ming)看去(qu)，原來(lai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)陸績(ji)。孔明(ming)笑起(qi)來(lai)，道(dao)：“曹(cao)操(cao)既然是(shi)(shi)(shi)曹(cao)相(xiang)國(guo)的(de)后(hou)代，就(jiu)更證明(ming)他(ta)(ta)世代都為漢(han)臣(chen)，而如(ru)今他(ta)(ta)卻手握王(wang)權，肆意橫行，欺君(jun)妄(wang)上(shang)，不(bu)僅是(shi)(shi)(shi)目無君(jun)主(zhu)，而且是(shi)(shi)(shi)蔑(mie)視祖(zu)宗，不(bu)僅是(shi)(shi)(shi)漢(han)室之(zhi)(zhi)亂臣(chen)，而且是(shi)(shi)(shi)曹(cao)氏(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)賊(zei)子。劉備(bei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)堂(tang)堂(tang)正(zheng)正(zheng)的(de)漢(han)室之(zhi)(zhi)胄，當今皇帝依據(ju)世宗祖(zu)譜賜與他(ta)(ta)官(guan)爵，你憑什么(me)說‘無可(ke)查考’呢？況且高(gao)祖(zu)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)從區(qu)區(qu)亭長開始建業起(qi)身的(de)，織席賣(mai)鞋(xie)又(you)有(you)什么(me)可(ke)以(yi)為恥(chi)辱的(de)呢？我看你真(zhen)是(shi)(shi)(shi)小兒之(zhi)(zhi)見，怎能(neng)和高(gao)士一起(qi)理論！”陸績(ji)不(bu)禁閉(bi)口(kou)塞舌(she)。
席中(zhong)又一人(ren)說(shuo)道：“孔明(ming)所(suo)言，都是(shi)強詞(ci)奪理，全不是(shi)正經(jing)之(zhi)談，不必再說(shuo)了。只(zhi)請問孔明(ming)著有什么經(jing)典(dian)之(zhi)論(lun)嗎？”孔明(ming)看(kan)他，是(shi)嚴峻，說(shuo)道：“尋(xun)章摘句(ju)，是(shi)世上(shang)那些迂腐儒士(shi)的(de)所(suo)為，哪能夠依此興國立事(shi)。古時候躬耕的(de)莘伊尹(yin)，垂釣于渭水(shui)的(de)姜子牙，還有張良、鄧禹等名(ming)士(shi)高人(ren)都沒見他們有什么經(jing)典(dian)論(lun)著。——難(nan)道說(shuo)你整天就光(guang)只(zhi)是(shi)效仿那些酸腐的(de)書(shu)生，區(qu)區(qu)于筆硯之(zhi)間，數黑(hei)論(lun)黃、舞文弄(nong)墨而(er)已嗎？”嚴峻垂頭喪氣地無(wu)以作答。
忽(hu)然(ran)一(yi)個人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)大聲說道：“諸葛(ge)公好說大話，未必有(you)(you)(you)真才實(shi)學(xue)(xue)，恐怕到時(shi)恰(qia)恰(qia)要被(bei)文(wen)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)學(xue)(xue)者(zhe)所笑呢。”孔(kong)明看那(nei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，乃是(shi)程德(de)樞，便回答道：“文(wen)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)學(xue)(xue)者(zhe)有(you)(you)(you)君子與小人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之分。作(zuo)為(wei)君子的(de)文(wen)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，忠(zhong)君愛國，堅(jian)守正義，憎惡邪佞，盡力為(wei)時(shi)代做出自己(ji)的(de)貢獻(xian)，美(mei)名傳于(yu)(yu)后世(shi)。而作(zuo)為(wei)小人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)學(xue)(xue)者(zhe)，只鉆營雕蟲小技，用心于(yu)(yu)文(wen)墨，年輕(qing)時(shi)作(zuo)賦，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)老(lao)了把經都(dou)念完。筆下即(ji)便有(you)(you)(you)千言，胸中卻(que)(que)沒有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)點(dian)實(shi)實(shi)在在的(de)計策(ce)。就(jiu)像(xiang)楊雄那(nei)樣，雖然(ran)以文(wen)章著稱于(yu)(yu)世(shi)，卻(que)(que)屈(qu)身于(yu)(yu)草莽強(qiang)盜(dao)之手，走(zou)投無路最后跳(tiao)樓而死。這(zhe)就(jiu)是(shi)所謂的(de)小人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之儒。即(ji)使他每天吟詩作(zuo)賦上萬言，可又有(you)(you)(you)什么用呢！”程德(de)樞也不能應(ying)對(dui)了。
眾人見(jian)孔(kong)明(ming)(ming)對答如(ru)流(liu)，全都已驚慌(huang)失色。此時座中還有人想要問難孔(kong)明(ming)(ming)，忽然有個人從外面走(zou)進來，厲聲(sheng)說道：“孔(kong)明(ming)(ming)乃是當世(shi)奇(qi)才，諸位以唇舌相難，可不(bu)是敬客之(zhi)禮。曹(cao)操大軍壓境，你們(men)不(bu)商討(tao)退兵之(zhi)策(ce)，光(guang)在這(zhe)里(li)斗(dou)嘴！”眾人一看，是督糧(liang)官黃蓋(gai)黃公覆。黃蓋(gai)對孔(kong)明(ming)(ming)道：“先生何不(bu)將金(jin)石(shi)之(zhi)論對我(wo)主說去(qu)？”孔(kong)明(ming)(ming)道：“諸君不(bu)識時務，互相問難，容不(bu)得(de)我(wo)不(bu)答。”
于是黃蓋(gai)和(he)魯(lu)肅帶孔明(ming)進入中門，正巧遇到諸(zhu)葛(ge)瑾(jin)，孔明(ming)給他(ta)兄長施禮。諸(zhu)葛(ge)瑾(jin)說：“賢(xian)弟既然已來到江東，為(wei)何不來見(jian)(jian)我(wo)呢？”孔明(ming)說：“弟已輔(fu)佐劉(liu)備(bei)，理當先(xian)公(gong)后(hou)私(si)。公(gong)事沒辦(ban)完，不敢旁及私(si)事。請哥哥見(jian)(jian)諒。”諸(zhu)葛(ge)瑾(jin)道：“賢(xian)弟拜見(jian)(jian)過吳侯，就到我(wo)那里敘話。”說完便走(zou)了。
魯肅(su)(su)對(dui)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)囑咐道：“今(jin)天見(jian)(jian)到我(wo)(wo)(wo)家主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)公，千(qian)萬(wan)(wan)別說(shuo)(shuo)曹(cao)(cao)操(cao)(cao)兵(bing)多(duo)。”孔(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)笑說(shuo)(shuo)：“亮(liang)自會隨機應變。”他(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)來(lai)到大(da)(da)(da)堂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上，孫(sun)(sun)(sun)權(quan)(quan)(quan)下(xia)(xia)階(jie)而迎，厚禮相侍，請孔(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)坐，眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)文武分列兩旁(pang)，魯肅(su)(su)站在(zai)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)邊上。孔(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)見(jian)(jian)孫(sun)(sun)(sun)權(quan)(quan)(quan)碧(bi)眼(yan)紫發，儀表堂堂，暗想，此人(ren)相貌不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)一(yi)(yi)般，只能(neng)(neng)(neng)用話(hua)(hua)激他(ta)(ta)(ta)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)光講道理。于是(shi)(shi)(shi)，等孫(sun)(sun)(sun)權(quan)(quan)(quan)問起曹(cao)(cao)操(cao)(cao)現有(you)多(duo)少(shao)兵(bing)馬時，孔(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)說(shuo)(shuo)有(you)一(yi)(yi)百(bai)多(duo)萬(wan)(wan)。孫(sun)(sun)(sun)權(quan)(quan)(quan)道：“怕(pa)(pa)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)詐我(wo)(wo)(wo)們(men)吧？”孔(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)便將(jiang)(jiang)曹(cao)(cao)操(cao)(cao)原(yuan)有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)兵(bing)力(li)(li)，加上從袁(yuan)紹、中原(yuan)和荊州那(nei)里新(xin)增的(de)(de)(de)(de)兵(bing)力(li)(li)算在(zai)一(yi)(yi)起，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)下(xia)(xia)一(yi)(yi)百(bai)五十多(duo)萬(wan)(wan)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)方才說(shuo)(shuo)一(yi)(yi)百(bai)萬(wan)(wan)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)怕(pa)(pa)嚇著江(jiang)東之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士；且曹(cao)(cao)操(cao)(cao)手下(xia)(xia)戰將(jiang)(jiang)謀士都(dou)(dou)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)下(xia)(xia)一(yi)(yi)二千(qian)。魯肅(su)(su)在(zai)旁(pang)一(yi)(yi)聽(ting)，驚慌失色，連忙(mang)向孔(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)使眼(yan)色不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)讓他(ta)(ta)(ta)再說(shuo)(shuo)了(le)(le)，孔(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)卻只裝作(zuo)沒(mei)有(you)看見(jian)(jian)。這時孫(sun)(sun)(sun)權(quan)(quan)(quan)又(you)問：“曹(cao)(cao)操(cao)(cao)平了(le)(le)荊楚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地，還(huan)有(you)其(qi)他(ta)(ta)(ta)圖謀嗎？”孔(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)道：“他(ta)(ta)(ta)如今(jin)已沿江(jiang)邊安營扎寨，準備戰船(chuan)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)圖你(ni)們(men)江(jiang)東，又(you)是(shi)(shi)(shi)想取哪里呢(ni)？”孫(sun)(sun)(sun)權(quan)(quan)(quan)道：“若(ruo)他(ta)(ta)(ta)真有(you)吞并之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)，請先生(sheng)替我(wo)(wo)(wo)想想該怎(zen)么(me)(me)辦。”孔(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)道：“亮(liang)有(you)一(yi)(yi)句話(hua)(hua)，只怕(pa)(pa)將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)肯聽(ting)從。如今(jin)曹(cao)(cao)操(cao)(cao)勢力(li)(li)極(ji)大(da)(da)(da)，威震海內，即(ji)便是(shi)(shi)(shi)英雄，也(ye)(ye)無(wu)用武之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地，奈他(ta)(ta)(ta)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)。將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)要(yao)量力(li)(li)而行，若(ruo)有(you)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)與曹(cao)(cao)抗衡(heng)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)如趁早消滅他(ta)(ta)(ta)；若(ruo)沒(mei)有(you)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)對(dui)抗，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)如聽(ting)從眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)謀士的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)議，投降曹(cao)(cao)操(cao)(cao)算了(le)(le)。如今(jin)，將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)嘴(zui)上說(shuo)(shuo)要(yao)降曹(cao)(cao)，心里又(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)想降曹(cao)(cao)，形(xing)勢危急(ji)，卻總是(shi)(shi)(shi)拿不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)定主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)意(yi)，大(da)(da)(da)禍可(ke)(ke)就(jiu)要(yao)臨(lin)頭了(le)(le)！”孫(sun)(sun)(sun)權(quan)(quan)(quan)道：“若(ruo)像先生(sheng)說(shuo)(shuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)這樣，劉備為(wei)什么(me)(me)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)投降曹(cao)(cao)操(cao)(cao)呢(ni)？”孔(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)道：“過(guo)去，像齊國的(de)(de)(de)(de)田橫那(nei)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)壯士都(dou)(dou)能(neng)(neng)(neng)堅(jian)守大(da)(da)(da)義，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)容(rong)屈辱，何況(kuang)劉備是(shi)(shi)(shi)漢室(shi)宗親——事之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)成(cheng)乃是(shi)(shi)(shi)天意(yi)，怎(zen)么(me)(me)能(neng)(neng)(neng)自己就(jiu)先屈服于他(ta)(ta)(ta)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)呢(ni)！”孫(sun)(sun)(sun)權(quan)(quan)(quan)聽(ting)了(le)(le)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)這番話(hua)(hua)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)覺(jue)臉色頓變，站起身來(lai)拂袖而去，眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)人(ren)一(yi)(yi)見(jian)(jian)，也(ye)(ye)都(dou)(dou)一(yi)(yi)笑而散了(le)(le)。魯肅(su)(su)責怪(guai)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)道：“先生(sheng)為(wei)何說(shuo)(shuo)出這樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)話(hua)(hua)來(lai)？幸虧我(wo)(wo)(wo)們(men)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)公寬(kuan)洪大(da)(da)(da)度，沒(mei)有(you)當面(mian)責怪(guai)你(ni)，你(ni)的(de)(de)(de)(de)話(hua)(hua)過(guo)于藐視(shi)他(ta)(ta)(ta)了(le)(le)。”孔(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)仰面(mian)笑道：“何必這樣不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)容(rong)人(ren)呢(ni)！我(wo)(wo)(wo)自有(you)破曹(cao)(cao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)計，他(ta)(ta)(ta)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)問我(wo)(wo)(wo)，我(wo)(wo)(wo)怎(zen)敢說(shuo)(shuo)呢(ni)？”魯肅(su)(su)忙(mang)道：“原(yuan)來(lai)先生(sheng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)良策的(de)(de)(de)(de)，我(wo)(wo)(wo)這就(jiu)去請主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)公來(lai)向你(ni)求教。”孔(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)說(shuo)(shuo)：“我(wo)(wo)(wo)看曹(cao)(cao)操(cao)(cao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)百(bai)萬(wan)(wan)大(da)(da)(da)軍(jun)(jun)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)過(guo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)群小螞(ma)蟻罷了(le)(le)，只要(yao)我(wo)(wo)(wo)一(yi)(yi)抬手，它們(men)就(jiu)都(dou)(dou)成(cheng)了(le)(le)粉(fen)末。”魯肅(su)(su)經(jing)這么(me)(me)一(yi)(yi)說(shuo)(shuo)，便立即(ji)到后堂去見(jian)(jian)孫(sun)(sun)(sun)權(quan)(quan)(quan)。孫(sun)(sun)(sun)權(quan)(quan)(quan)一(yi)(yi)聽(ting)，轉怒為(wei)喜，道：“原(yuan)來(lai)他(ta)(ta)(ta)是(shi)(shi)(shi)用話(hua)(hua)在(zai)激我(wo)(wo)(wo)。”于是(shi)(shi)(shi)又(you)出來(lai)與孔(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)互致歉意(yi)，討教良策。
孔明說：“劉(liu)(liu)備雖新敗，但關云長(chang)仍(reng)帶有精兵萬人；劉(liu)(liu)琦在(zai)(zai)江夏也有萬人。曹(cao)兵雖多，卻(que)是遠(yuan)道而(er)來，征(zheng)戰疲憊，正所謂‘強弩之(zhi)(zhi)末，勢不(bu)能穿魯縞(gao)’。并且北方人不(bu)習慣于水戰。荊(jing)州(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)民依附(fu)于曹(cao)操(cao)，是迫(po)于當時的形勢，而(er)并不(bu)是出于本心所愿。將(jiang)軍(jun)如果現在(zai)(zai)能誠(cheng)心誠(cheng)意地和劉(liu)(liu)備結成聯盟，破曹(cao)之(zhi)(zhi)事必成。曹(cao)軍(jun)敗了，自然退回北方，那么荊(jing)州(zhou)和東吳(wu)的勢力也就加強了，三(san)足鼎立(li)的局(ju)面也得以成形。成敗的關鍵即在(zai)(zai)眼下，就看將(jiang)軍(jun)怎樣決(jue)斷了。”
羅貫(guan)中，1330—1400之間(jian)，名本，號湖海散(san)人，元(yuan)(yuan)末明初通(tong)俗小說(shuo)(shuo)家。他(ta)的籍(ji)貫(guan)一(yi)說(shuo)(shuo)是太原今山(shan)西，一(yi)說(shuo)(shuo)是錢塘(tang)今浙江杭(hang)州，不可確(que)考。據傳說(shuo)(shuo)，羅貫(guan)中曾充任過(guo)元(yuan)(yuan)末農(nong)民(min)起義軍張(zhang)士誠的幕客。
元末明(ming)初著名小(xiao)說家、戲曲家，是(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)章(zhang)回小(xiao)說的(de)(de)鼻祖(zu)。生(sheng)于元末明(ming)初的(de)(de)封建王朝時代。作為與(yu)“倡優”、“妓(ji)藝(yi)”為伍(wu)的(de)(de)戲曲平話(hua)作家，當時被視(shi)為勾欄瓦(wa)舍(she)的(de)(de)下(xia)九(jiu)流(liu)，正史不(bu)可(ke)能為他寫經作傳。唯一(yi)(yi)可(ke)看到的(de)(de)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)位(wei)明(ming)代無(wu)名氏編(bian)(bian)著的(de)(de)不(bu)可(ke)靠的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)本小(xiao)冊子《錄鬼簿續編(bian)(bian)》，上寫：“羅(luo)貫中(zhong)，太原(yuan)人(ren)(ren)，號湖海散(san)人(ren)(ren)。與(yu)人(ren)(ren)寡(gua)合，樂府隱語，極為清新。與(yu)余為忘年交(jiao)，遭時多故，天(tian)各一(yi)(yi)方(fang)。至(zhi)正甲辰復會，別來(lai)又六(liu)十余年，竟不(bu)知其所(suo)終。”
羅貫中一生著(zhu)作頗豐，主要作品有：劇本《趙太祖(zu)龍虎風云(yun)會》、《忠正孝子連環諫(jian)》、《三(san)平(ping)章死哭蜚虎子》；小說《隋唐(tang)兩朝志傳(chuan)》、《殘(can)唐(tang)五(wu)代史演義》、《三(san)遂平(ping)妖傳(chuan)》、《粉妝樓》、和施耐庵(an)合著(zhu)的《水滸(hu)傳(chuan)》，代表作有《三(san)國(guo)演義》（全名《三(san)國(guo)志通俗演義》）等。
面對諸(zhu)儒的詰難，諸(zhu)葛亮神態自若，一一作答(da)，是為(wei)守，然而他又不甘于只是作答(da)，每于答(da)后發起攻(gong)勢(shi)。
東(dong)吳第一(yi)(yi)謀士張昭(zhao)詰問(wen)(wen)諸(zhu)(zhu)葛(ge)(ge)(ge)亮(liang)(liang)(liang)自比管仲樂毅(yi)，而(er)最(zui)終(zhong)卻(que)使(shi)(shi)劉(liu)(liu)(liu)備“棄新(xin)野，走樊城，敗當(dang)(dang)陽，奔夏(xia)口(kou)，無(wu)(wu)容身之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地”，“是(shi)(shi)豫州即得(de)先生之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)，反不(bu)(bu)(bu)如(ru)其(qi)初(chu)也(ye)。”張昭(zhao)此(ci)(ci)問(wen)(wen)著(zhu)實(shi)厲害，李(li)贄評此(ci)(ci)句曰：“下得(de)好毒手”。諸(zhu)(zhu)葛(ge)(ge)(ge)亮(liang)(liang)(liang)笑著(zhu)回答：“鵬(peng)飛萬里，其(qi)志(zhi)豈(qi)群(qun)鳥能(neng)識哉(zai)？”以(yi)大鵬(peng)自況，志(zhi)在(zai)萬里；將(jiang)群(qun)儒比作群(qun)鳥，胸(xiong)無(wu)(wu)大志(zhi)。接(jie)下去(qu)運(yun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)比喻論(lun)證(zheng)的(de)方(fang)法(fa)，人染沉疴，當(dang)(dang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)和藥糜粥。而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)猛藥厚味，說(shuo)(shuo)明劉(liu)(liu)(liu)備取勝尚需時日.又進一(yi)(yi)步用(yong)(yong)(yong)事實(shi)論(lun)證(zheng)說(shuo)(shuo)明自己的(de)觀點；“夫以(yi)甲兵不(bu)(bu)(bu)完，城郭(guo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)固(gu)，軍不(bu)(bu)(bu)經練，糧不(bu)(bu)(bu)繼日，然(ran)而(er)博(bo)望燒(shao)屯，白(bai)河用(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)，使(shi)(shi)夏(xia)侯惇(dun)、曹(cao)仁輩心驚(jing)膽(dan)裂：竊(qie)謂(wei)管仲、樂毅(yi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)兵，未必過此(ci)(ci)。”此(ci)(ci)段諸(zhu)(zhu)葛(ge)(ge)(ge)亮(liang)(liang)(liang)以(yi)充分的(de)事實(shi)為(wei)論(lun)據，對(dui)“自比管仲樂毅(yi)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)說(shuo)(shuo)予以(yi)論(lun)證(zheng)，在(zai)鑿(zao)鑿(zao)事實(shi)面前(qian)張昭(zhao)的(de)非難不(bu)(bu)(bu)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)自破。諸(zhu)(zhu)葛(ge)(ge)(ge)亮(liang)(liang)(liang)將(jiang)劉(liu)(liu)(liu)備的(de)暫時之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)敗歸(gui)于三個(ge)原因(yin)：一(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)劉(liu)(liu)(liu)備仁義(yi)(yi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)忍(ren)(ren)奪同(tong)宗基業(ye)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)忍(ren)(ren)舍棄赴(fu)義(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民，甘與(yu)同(tong)敗；二是(shi)(shi)劉(liu)(liu)(liu)琮孱弱，聽信(xin)妄言(yan)，暗自投降(jiang)；三是(shi)(shi)劉(liu)(liu)(liu)備向(xiang)日兵不(bu)(bu)(bu)滿(man)千，將(jiang)止關、張、趙(zhao)云，“寡(gua)(gua)不(bu)(bu)(bu)敵眾，勝負乃(nai)其(qi)常事”，之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)引用(yong)(yong)(yong)漢高(gao)祖(zu)(zu)數(shu)敗于項羽(yu)而(er)垓下一(yi)(yi)戰(zhan)成功作類比論(lun)證(zheng)說(shuo)(shuo)明劉(liu)(liu)(liu)備失(shi)利是(shi)(shi)暫時的(de)，而(er)取得(de)最(zui)后(hou)的(de)勝利是(shi)(shi)必然(ran)的(de)。進而(er)歸(gui)納出漢高(gao)祖(zu)(zu)的(de)最(zui)終(zhong)勝利靠的(de)是(shi)(shi)韓(han)信(xin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)良謀，突出自己在(zai)劉(liu)(liu)(liu)備興(xing)復漢室大業(ye)中(zhong)的(de)重要(yao)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)。此(ci)(ci)段答張昭(zhao)劉(liu)(liu)(liu)備得(de)先生反不(bu)(bu)(bu)如(ru)初(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)問(wen)(wen)，水(shui)來(lai)(lai)土掩，滴(di)水(shui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)漏。以(yi)上皆為(wei)防守之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)舉(ju)。接(jie)著(zhu)話鋒一(yi)(yi)轉(zhuan)，將(jiang)矛頭(tou)直指東(dong)吳群(qun)儒：“非比夸(kua)辯(bian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徒，虛譽欺(qi)(qi)人；坐議立談，無(wu)(wu)人可(ke)及；臨機應(ying)變，百(bai)無(wu)(wu)一(yi)(yi)能(neng)。——誠為(wei)天下笑耳(er)！”李(li)贄評諸(zhu)(zhu)葛(ge)(ge)(ge)亮(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)反駁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)論(lun)為(wei)“說(shuo)(shuo)盡今日秀(xiu)才病痛”。諸(zhu)(zhu)葛(ge)(ge)(ge)亮(liang)(liang)(liang)此(ci)(ci)舉(ju)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)勢凌厲，使(shi)(shi)對(dui)方(fang)“并無(wu)(wu)一(yi)(yi)言(yan)回答”。此(ci)(ci)乃(nai)先守后(hou)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)、攻(gong)(gong)(gong)守有(you)度(du)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辯(bian)論(lun)策略。對(dui)虞翻的(de)“劉(liu)(liu)(liu)備大敗猶言(yan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)懼曹(cao)實(shi)為(wei)大言(yan)欺(qi)(qi)人”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)語(yu)，諸(zhu)(zhu)葛(ge)(ge)(ge)亮(liang)(liang)(liang)只(zhi)以(yi)劉(liu)(liu)(liu)備寡(gua)(gua)不(bu)(bu)(bu)敵眾，退守夏(xia)口(kou)，以(yi)待天時相應(ying)，是(shi)(shi)為(wei)防守，隨(sui)即便有(you)“江(jiang)東(dong)兵精糧足(zu)，且(qie)有(you)長江(jiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)險(xian)，猶欲使(shi)(shi)其(qi)主屈(qu)膝降(jiang)賊，不(bu)(bu)(bu)顧天下恥笑”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)語(yu)來(lai)(lai)反攻(gong)(gong)(gong)，使(shi)(shi)虞翻不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)對(dui)。后(hou)對(dui)步騭、薛綜等人的(de)發難，孔明莫不(bu)(bu)(bu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)此(ci)(ci)先守后(hou)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)對(dui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，使(shi)(shi)東(dong)吳的(de)儒者(zhe)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)個(ge)敗下陣來(lai)(lai)。
此(ci)法妙極。因(yin)有(you)群(qun)儒詰(jie)問(wen)在(zai)先(xian)(xian)，不容不答(da)，故宜先(xian)(xian)守(shou)，且(qie)守(shou)得從容，既曲盡事理(li)，又詳陳事實，將(jiang)對手(shou)的詰(jie)問(wen)一一化解；又因(yin)群(qun)儒來(lai)者不善，多(duo)有(you)惡意(yi)，便于守(shou)住陣地后發起反攻，使論辯進退(tui)有(you)致，引人入勝。設若只守(shou)不攻，則必陷被動境地；若只攻不守(shou)，失去了據理(li)陳詞的部(bu)分(fen)，使論辯僅僅停留在(zai)口舌之爭(zheng)，則缺乏以(yi)理(li)服人的成分(fen)。
諸葛(ge)亮(liang)以(yi)其高超的語言技(ji)巧使整個(ge)論辯過程(cheng)精彩(cai)紛呈，于有限的語句中蘊含極(ji)深的意味(wei)，嚼之(zhi)余香滿口。在(zai)談到劉(liu)備新敗之(zhi)因時，諸葛(ge)亮(liang)說劉(liu)琮“暗自投降”，意在(zai)嘲諷東吳主降之(zhi)士(shi)，“非等閑(xian)可(ke)知也”，示張昭等皆等閑(xian)無能之(zhi)輩(bei)；又云“社(she)稷(ji)安危，是有主謀(mou)”，寓昭等無定國(guo)安邦之(zhi)策，反以(yi)妖言惑主，實禍國(guo)殃民之(zhi)人。
步騭指(zhi)出(chu)(chu)諸葛(ge)亮欲效張(zhang)儀、蘇秦(qin)的(de)游說之(zhi)舉，諸葛(ge)亮卻(que)淡化(hua)張(zhang)儀蘇秦(qin)二人(ren)的(de)辯士身份，而突出(chu)(chu)其豪杰的(de)本(ben)色，強(qiang)調(diao)二人(ren)“皆有匡(kuang)扶人(ren)國(guo)之(zhi)謀(mou)”，點(dian)出(chu)(chu)儒者們無勇無謀(mou)，只知巧(qiao)言論辯，實則貪生怕死的(de)本(ben)質(zhi)。諸葛(ge)亮避開某(mou)些辯士為一(yi)已之(zhi)利益而游說的(de)特點(dian)，在突出(chu)(chu)其“匡(kuang)扶人(ren)國(guo)”大志的(de)同(tong)時(shi)，也為自己張(zhang)目，我為匡(kuang)扶人(ren)國(guo)而來(lai)，你(ni)們卻(que)為葬送人(ren)國(guo)而辯，孰高(gao)孰低，一(yi)目了然。
陸績以曹(cao)(cao)操是相國曹(cao)(cao)參之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)，劉備出身無(wu)可(ke)稽考相詰，“眼見只(zhi)是織席(xi)販屨之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)夫耳(er)，何足(zu)與(yu)曹(cao)(cao)操抗衡哉！”諸(zhu)葛亮(liang)(liang)先不直接回答問題，而(er)是輕蔑地一(yi)笑，“公非(fei)袁術座間懷桔之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)陸郎乎？”諸(zhu)葛亮(liang)(liang)此(ci)處提及此(ci)事，表面看來(lai)似(si)屬閑(xian)筆，實則頗有(you)深(shen)意。懷桔之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事本為(wei)盡心(xin)事孝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)典范，然而(er)畢竟是小兒所(suo)為(wei)，懷桔小兒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)論必是小兒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)見，自然“不足(zu)與(yu)高士共語(yu)”。
諸葛亮答程德樞之語可(ke)分為兩層內容。一是(shi)論君子(zi)之儒(ru)的(de)風(feng)采，“忠君愛國，守(shou)正惡邪，務使澤及當時，名(ming)留后世，”表面(mian)上為君子(zi)之儒(ru)正名(ming)，實(shi)為夫子(zi)自(zi)道也；二是(shi)畫小人之儒(ru)的(de)嘴臉(lian)，“筆(bi)下(xia)雖有千言，胸(xiong)中(zhong)實(shi)無(wu)一策，”對大敵當前而(er)群儒(ru)一籌莫展予(yu)以辛辣的(de)諷刺(ci)，且以揚(yang)雄屈(qu)身事莽下(xia)場可(ke)悲(bei)昭(zhao)示(shi)東吳小人之儒(ru)不顧(gu)氣節屈(qu)膝(xi)投降必將留下(xia)千古罵名(ming)。
語(yu)帶(dai)雙機之辯術充分顯示了諸葛亮的(de)論辯技巧，一石二鳥(niao)，弦外有音，以極精煉(lian)的(de)語(yu)句表達極豐富的(de)內容，頗具戰(zhan)斗(dou)力(li)。似(si)不經(jing)意中(zhong)顯出智慧，信手拈來(lai)時愈見功力(li)。給(gei)人留下充分的(de)想象(xiang)余地。
對不(bu)(bu)同的(de)人采(cai)取不(bu)(bu)同的(de)方法擊敗(bai)對方，是(shi)諸葛亮舌戰群儒的(de)又一大(da)特色。
對張(zhang)昭，由于他是東吳重臣，第一謀(mou)士，諸葛(ge)亮采取擒賊先擒王的(de)策略，娓娓道來，嚴密防(fang)守之后大舉進(jin)攻，使(shi)張(zhang)昭無一言可對。對張(zhang)昭的(de)反駁洋洋灑(sa)灑(sa)，周密細(xi)致(zhi)，絲絲入扣，而(er)對以下諸儒(ru)則多(duo)以簡潔(jie)明快(kuai)的(de)對答迅速(su)結(jie)束戰斗(dou)，不與(yu)多(duo)做糾纏(chan)。
在(zai)整(zheng)個過程(cheng)中，諸葛(ge)(ge)亮(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)論辨藝術發揮得酣暢淋漓，他面對(dui)(dui)群儒(ru)潮水般涌來的(de)(de)詰難，沉著應戰，或引經(jing)據(ju)典，或轉(zhuan)換論題，或厲聲責(ze)問，或反唇相(xiang)譏(ji)，可謂得心應手(shou)，游刃有余。如(ru)以(yi)韓信(xin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)謀(mou)，揚雄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)死來作為(wei)(wei)論據(ju)幫助申明(ming)觀(guan)點(dian)；對(dui)(dui)步騭的(de)(de)“孔明(ming)欲效儀、秦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)舌(she)，游說東(dong)吳(wu)耶？”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)論棄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)理，而(er)(er)從蘇、張(zhang)二人豪杰本色入手(shou)，轉(zhuan)守為(wei)(wei)攻；對(dui)(dui)薛綜則厲聲責(ze)問：“薛敬(jing)文安得出(chu)此(ci)無父無君之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)乎！”諸葛(ge)(ge)亮(liang)(liang)抓住儒(ru)者(zhe)鼓吹忠孝為(wei)(wei)本的(de)(de)特點(dian)，以(yi)“君父”兩個正大堂(tang)皇(huang)的(de)(de)字眼喝(he)倒薛綜，實在(zai)是(shi)擊到了(le)對(dui)(dui)手(shou)的(de)(de)致命(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)處，薛綜自然“滿面羞慚”；對(dui)(dui)陸績(ji)，諸葛(ge)(ge)亮(liang)(liang)以(yi)不(bu)溫不(bu)火的(de)(de)語調(diao)反唇相(xiang)譏(ji)，指出(chu)其以(yi)出(chu)身(shen)論英雄的(de)(de)荒誕不(bu)經(jing)，使陸績(ji)語塞。而(er)(er)對(dui)(dui)嚴峻的(de)(de)“治何(he)經(jing)典”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法，諸葛(ge)(ge)亮(liang)(liang)只以(yi)三(san)句話回應，首先認為(wei)(wei)“尋(xun)章(zhang)摘句”者(zhe)為(wei)(wei)“世之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)腐儒(ru)”，并不(bu)能“興邦立(li)事”；既而(er)(er)舉例(li)，伊尹(yin)、姜子(zi)牙、張(zhang)良(liang)、陳(chen)平、鄧、“皆(jie)有匡(kuang)扶宇宙(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)才”，而(er)(er)并未死鉆書(shu)本；最后總括為(wei)(wei)“舞(wu)文弄墨”只是(shi)書(shu)生所為(wei)(wei)。短短數語，有理有據(ju)，在(zai)一連串的(de)(de)古圣今賢(xian)的(de)(de)列舉中反襯出(chu)書(shu)生的(de)(de)無用(yong)，從而(er)(er)使以(yi)治經(jing)典為(wei)(wei)榮(rong)的(de)(de)嚴畯低頭喪氣(qi)。
詳(xiang)略(lve)(lve)的(de)(de)不同、論辯(bian)方(fang)法的(de)(de)不同顯示(shi)出(chu)諸葛亮(liang)的(de)(de)機(ji)動靈活，詳(xiang)答(da)老辣(la)者(zhe)(zhe)，略(lve)(lve)對淺薄(bo)者(zhe)(zhe)，揮揮灑灑，左右逢源，嘻笑怒罵(ma)，皆成文章，著實令(ling)人嘆服。
整個論(lun)辯(bian)過程中(zhong)，諸葛亮(liang)語勢磅礴，使對方懾服(fu)于(yu)他(ta)的(de)語言威力(li)，只(zhi)有(you)(you)招架之功(gong)，而無(wu)反(fan)(fan)擊之力(li)。這一(yi)點突出(chu)體現在(zai)他(ta)的(de)反(fan)(fan)問(wen)語氣的(de)運用上(shang)。如(ru)反(fan)(fan)詰張昭：“鵬飛萬里(li)，其志豈群鳥(niao)能(neng)識哉？”“豫(yu)州不過暫借以(yi)容身(shen)，豈真將坐(zuo)守于(yu)此耶？”“昔高皇數(shu)敗于(yu)項羽，而垓下一(yi)戰成功(gong)，此非(fei)韓信之良謀乎？”反(fan)(fan)擊步騭(zhi)：“君等聞曹操虛發(fa)詐偽之詞(ci)，便畏懼請(qing)降(jiang)，敢笑蘇秦、張儀(yi)乎？”對陸績：“且(qie)高祖起身(shen)亭長(chang)，而終有(you)(you)天下；織(zhi)席(xi)販屨，又何(he)足(zu)為辱(ru)乎？”對嚴：“豈亦效書生(sheng)，區(qu)區(qu)于(yu)筆硯之間，數(shu)黑論(lun)黃，舞文弄(nong)墨而已乎？”……一(yi)連串的(de)反(fan)(fan)問(wen)句，語勢強烈，咄咄逼人(ren)，我們可(ke)以(yi)說，諸葛亮(liang)舌戰群儒只(zhi)所以(yi)耐人(ren)尋味百讀不厭，在(zai)很大程度上(shang)得(de)益于(yu)其論(lun)辯(bian)過程語勢的(de)力(li)量。在(zai)以(yi)理服(fu)人(ren)的(de)基礎上(shang)，諸葛亮(liang)更(geng)以(yi)其語言的(de)氣勢壓倒了對手(shou)。
就語(yu)句(ju)(ju)(ju)而言，也突(tu)出顯示了(le)諸葛亮語(yu)言的氣(qi)勢。善用(yong)短(duan)句(ju)(ju)(ju)、排比(bi)對偶(ou)句(ju)(ju)(ju)該是其(qi)突(tu)出的特(te)點。短(duan)句(ju)(ju)(ju)的使用(yong)簡潔明快，適于論(lun)辯；排比(bi)句(ju)(ju)(ju)對偶(ou)句(ju)(ju)(ju)更有(you)“壯氣(qi)勢廣文義”的修辭特(te)征，如“甲兵(bing)不完，城郭(guo)不固，軍不經(jing)(jing)練，糧不繼(ji)日”極(ji)言劉備當時所處(chu)的劣勢地(di)位；諷小人之儒(ru)，則有(you)“惟務雕蟲(chong)，專工翰墨，青春(chun)作賦，皓首窮經(jing)(jing)，”可謂數盡小人儒(ru)者之弊(bi)。非語(yu)言大家無(wu)此(ci)上(shang)乘(cheng)之作。
語勢磅礴源(yuan)于理直氣壯(zhuang)，“理直”是因，“氣壯(zhuang)”是果。在諸葛亮(liang)的(de)(de)意識中，此番東吳之行乃(nai)為正(zheng)義(yi)而來(lai)，故(gu)而正(zheng)氣浩(hao)然，處變(bian)不驚(jing)。瀟灑的(de)(de)風(feng)度、廣(guang)博的(de)(de)學識，使對手在氣勢上先輸了三(san)分，加之諸葛亮(liang)一陣窮追(zhui)猛打，遂有(you)破竹之勢。
綜觀舌(she)戰群(qun)儒的(de)整(zheng)個過(guo)程，諸葛亮在東(dong)吳諸儒的(de)詰問(wen)中從容做對(dui)(dui)，侃(kan)侃(kan)而談，縱橫捭(bai)闔，游刃(ren)有余，終使“張昭并無(wu)一言回答”，“虞翻不能對(dui)(dui)”，“步騭默然無(wu)語(yu)”，“薛綜滿(man)面羞慚(can)，不能對(dui)(dui)答”，“陸(lu)績(ji)語(yu)塞”，“嚴畯低頭喪氣不能對(dui)(dui)”，“程德樞不能對(dui)(dui)”，以至眾人“盡皆(jie)失(shi)色”。真可謂(wei)三寸之舌(she)能抵百萬之兵。
總之，諸葛亮舌戰群儒風頭(tou)出(chu)盡，其嫻熟的論辯技巧令人折服，堪稱經典，值(zhi)得(de)當今習此道者深味。
東漢末(mo)期，曹操(cao)挾天子(zi)(zi)以令諸侯，較有實力的(de)(de)軍閥(fa)大都被他(ta)消(xiao)滅(mie)了，惟獨劉(liu)備(bei)和(he)孫權還有發展壯大的(de)(de)可能(neng)，曹操(cao)自知一下子(zi)(zi)吞并這(zhe)兩股勢力還比較難(nan)。于是，曹操(cao)就派(pai)人拿著他(ta)的(de)(de)書信(xin)去(qu)東吳，想(xiang)和(he)孫權聯手消(xiao)滅(mie)劉(liu)備(bei)。
孫權(quan)手下的謀士大都主張(zhang)降曹自保，只有(you)魯(lu)(lu)肅主張(zhang)聯劉抗(kang)曹。但魯(lu)(lu)肅自知難以說服孫權(quan)和(he)東吳的文臣，特意請諸葛亮來當說客。
魯肅引諸葛亮見了東吳的一(yi)(yi)群(qun)謀士(shi)，這些人并非泛泛之輩(bei)，個個。都是有學(xue)問的人。東吳第一(yi)(yi)大謀士(shi)張昭(zhao)首先(xian)發難，說(shuo)：聽說(shuo)劉備到你(ni)家里三趟(tang)，才(cai)把你(ni)請出山，以為有了你(ni)就如同魚得(de)了水，想奪取荊(jing)襄九郡做(zuo)根據(ju)地(di)。但荊(jing)襄已被(bei)曹操得(de)到，你(ni)還有什(shen)么主意呢？
諸葛亮心里想(xiang)，如(ru)果不先難倒張昭，就(jiu)沒辦法說(shuo)服孫權聯(lian)劉(liu)抗曹了。諸葛亮說(shuo)：劉(liu)備取荊襄這塊(kuai)地盤，易(yi)如(ru)反掌(zhang)，只(zhi)是不忍(ren)心奪取同(tong)宗(zong)的(de)基業，才(cai)(cai)被曹操撿了便宜。現(xian)在屯(tun)兵江夏，另有宏圖(tu)大(da)計，等(deng)閑之輩哪懂得這個。國(guo)家大(da)事(shi)，社稷安危(wei)，都要有真才(cai)(cai)實(shi)學的(de)人拿出好主意。而(er)口(kou)舌之徒，坐(zuo)而(er)論(lun)道，碰(peng)上事(shi)兒(er)，卻拿不出一(yi)個辦法來，只(zhi)能為天(tian)下人恥笑。一(yi)番(fan)話(hua)，說(shuo)得張昭啞(ya)口(kou)無(wu)言(yan)。
之(zhi)后，一個(ge)謀(mou)士問：曹操屯兵百萬，將列千員，你(ni)說不怕，吹牛吧(ba)你(ni)。諸(zhu)葛亮(liang)答：劉備退守夏(xia)口，是等待(dai)時機，而東吳兵精糧足，還有長(chang)江天險可守，卻都勸孫(sun)權(quan)降曹，丟人吧(ba)你(ni)。
東吳的謀士一個接一個地向諸葛亮(liang)發難，先后有七人之多，都被(bei)諸葛亮(liang)反駁得有口難辯。
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