源于媯(gui)姓,出(chu)自(zi)戰國時(shi)期齊(qi)國大將(jiang)田單(dan)(dan)守(shou)邑,屬于以封邑名(ming)稱(cheng)為氏(shi)(shi)。據(ju)史籍(ji)(ji)《晏子春秋·內篇問》記載:“即墨氏(shi)(shi),據(ju)齊(qi)將(jiang)田單(dan)(dan)守(shou)即墨,支孫氏(shi)(shi)焉。”在史籍(ji)(ji)《風(feng)俗通義·佚文》中(zhong)引《姓解》記載:“即墨氏(shi)(shi),漢有即墨威(wei)為咸陽(yang)(yang)令(ling)(ling)……漢有單(dan)(dan)父令(ling)(ling)即費,其先食(shi)采即墨,因以命氏(shi)(shi)。”在史籍(ji)(ji)《漢書·儒林傳》也記載:“戰國城陽(yang)(yang)相即墨成,齊(qi)國人(ren)。”
即(ji)墨(mo)[即(ji)墨(mo),讀(du)音作jí mò(ㄐㄧˊㄇㄛˋ)]
源于媯姓(xing),出自(zi)戰(zhan)國(guo)(guo)晚期齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)大將田(tian)(tian)單(dan)(dan)守(shou)邑,屬于以(yi)封邑名(ming)稱(cheng)為氏(shi)(shi)。據史(shi)籍《晏子(zi)春秋·內篇問》記(ji)載(zai):“即(ji)墨(mo)氏(shi)(shi),據齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)將田(tian)(tian)單(dan)(dan)守(shou)即(ji)墨(mo),支孫氏(shi)(shi)焉。”在史(shi)籍《風俗通義·佚文》中(zhong)引《姓(xing)解》記(ji)載(zai):“即(ji)墨(mo)氏(shi)(shi),漢有(you)即(ji)墨(mo)威為咸陽令……漢有(you)單(dan)(dan)父令即(ji)費,其先食采即(ji)墨(mo),因以(yi)命氏(shi)(shi)。”在史(shi)籍《漢書·儒林傳》也(ye)記(ji)載(zai):“戰(zhan)國(guo)(guo)城(cheng)陽相即(ji)墨(mo)成,齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)。”田(tian)(tian)單(dan)(dan),是齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)王族田(tian)(tian)氏(shi)(shi)家族的(de)(de)(de)遠房(fang)支親,山(shan)東淄(zi)博臨淄(zi)人(ren)(ren)。齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)湣王田(tian)(tian)地執政時(shi)期(公元(yuan)前323~前283年(nian)在位),田(tian)(tian)單(dan)(dan)出任齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)都城(cheng)臨淄(zi)的(de)(de)(de)市掾(管理商貿市場的(de)(de)(de)官員),是一位資歷淺、爵位低(di)、名(ming)氣微的(de)(de)(de)小吏。但是,田(tian)(tian)單(dan)(dan)善(shan)于學習(xi),頗愛兵法,對戰(zhan)略戰(zhan)術有(you)過精心研究,后率軍(jun)(jun)駐守(shou)即(ji)墨(mo)(今山(shan)東青(qing)島即(ji)墨(mo))。在燕軍(jun)(jun)伐(fa)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)戰(zhan)爭(zheng)(zheng)中(zhong),以(yi)奇計制勝,大敗(bai)燕軍(jun)(jun),表現了(le)一位軍(jun)(jun)事家的(de)(de)(de)非(fei)凡才能,被(bei)田(tian)(tian)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)襄(xiang)王封為安(an)平君,是齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)軍(jun)(jun)家的(de)(de)(de)后起(qi)之秀。戰(zhan)國(guo)(guo)時(shi)期,列國(guo)(guo)爭(zheng)(zheng)雄,頻繁的(de)(de)(de)掠奪戰(zhan)爭(zheng)(zheng),給人(ren)(ren)民造成了(le)無(wu)窮的(de)(de)(de)災難。
周慎靚王姬(ji)(ji)(ji)定三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(燕(yan)王姬(ji)(ji)(ji)噲三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian),田(tian)齊宣(xuan)王田(tian)辟(pi)疆三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian),公元前318年(nian)(nian)(nian)),燕(yan)王姬(ji)(ji)(ji)噲將王位禪(chan)讓給姬(ji)(ji)(ji)子(zi)之(zhi),實(shi)行(xing)政治改(gai)革。姬(ji)(ji)(ji)子(zi)之(zhi)行(xing)王事三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian),與(yu)反對改(gai)革的勢力發生矛盾,燕(yan)國(guo)大(da)將市被(bei)(bei)與(yu)太(tai)子(zi)姬(ji)(ji)(ji)平起兵反叛(pan),雙方(fang)激戰數(shu)月,死者數(shu)萬,燕(yan)國(guo)大(da)亂,市被(bei)(bei)及太(tai)子(zi)姬(ji)(ji)(ji)平被(bei)(bei)姬(ji)(ji)(ji)子(zi)之(zhi)攻殺(sha)。這時(shi)(shi),齊宣(xuan)王田(tian)辟(pi)疆在孟柯的勸說下,乘燕(yan)國(guo)危機之(zhi)時(shi)(shi)出兵伐(fa)燕(yan)國(guo),僅五十天即攻破燕(yan)國(guo)都城,燕(yan)王姬(ji)(ji)(ji)噲和姬(ji)(ji)(ji)子(zi)之(zhi)皆被(bei)(bei)齊軍所殺(sha)。中(zhong)山國(guo)也趁此機會奪占了(le)燕(yan)國(guo)大(da)片土地,燕(yan)國(guo)幾乎亡國(guo)。
周赧(nan)王(wang)姬延(yan)三年(nian)(趙(zhao)武靈(ling)王(wang)趙(zhao)雍十(shi)四年(nian),公元(yuan)前312年(nian)),秦、魏(wei)、韓(han)三國聯軍(jun)救燕,擊敗(bai)齊軍(jun)于(yu)濮(pu)水之(zhi)上(shang)。第二年(nian),趙(zhao)武靈(ling)王(wang)派兵將流(liu)亡在(zai)韓(han)國的燕公子(zi)姬職護送回燕國,立為燕昭王(wang)。燕昭王(wang)立志(zhi)報仇雪恨,卑身厚幣,高(gao)筑(zhu)黃金臺,招(zhao)聚天下賢士,得樂毅等人相助,勵精圖治,燕國從此強大起來。這一(yi)段(duan)歷史時期(qi),燕國北(bei)(bei)破東胡,將領土(tu)擴(kuo)大到遼(liao)(liao)東地(di)區,設置了上(shang)古、漁陽(yang)、右北(bei)(bei)平、遼(liao)(liao)西、遼(liao)(liao)東五郡(jun),疆(jiang)域有今滹沱(tuo)以北(bei)(bei)的河(he)北(bei)(bei)中部、遼(liao)(liao)寧大部、山西一(yi)部,再次成為一(yi)方(fang)強國。
周赧(nan)(nan)王(wang)(wang)(wang)三十一年(nian)(田(tian)(tian)(tian)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)湣(min)(min)王(wang)(wang)(wang)田(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)十七(qi)年(nian),燕(yan)(yan)(yan)昭(zhao)王(wang)(wang)(wang)姬(ji)職(zhi)二十八年(nian),公元前284年(nian)),燕(yan)(yan)(yan)昭(zhao)王(wang)(wang)(wang)以(yi)(yi)樂毅為(wei)上(shang)將軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),聯合了(le)(le)(le)秦、楚、趙、魏、韓(han)五國(guo)(guo)共同(tong)(tong)伐齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)。田(tian)(tian)(tian)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)湣(min)(min)王(wang)(wang)(wang)因(yin)(yin)國(guo)(guo)力不(bu)足,已毫無(wu)應(ying)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)力量,只得(de)棄(qi)都南(nan)逃莒(ju)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)偏安(an)(an)一時(shi)(shi)。因(yin)(yin)此,燕(yan)(yan)(yan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)長驅(qu)直(zhi)(zhi)入,連(lian)下(xia)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)七(qi)十余城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),之后在(zai)(zai)(zai)臨(lin)(lin)淄(zi)(zi)擊殺田(tian)(tian)(tian)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)湣(min)(min)王(wang)(wang)(wang)。當時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)只剩下(xia)了(le)(le)(le)高(gao)(gao)大(da)堅固(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)莒(ju)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(今(jin)山東(dong)日照(zhao)莒(ju)縣)和(he)(he)即(ji)(ji)墨(mo)(mo)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(今(jin)山東(dong)平(ping)(ping)度)這(zhe)(zhe)兩座城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)池,使(shi)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)處在(zai)(zai)(zai)危亡的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵時(shi)(shi)刻。燕(yan)(yan)(yan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)攻破臨(lin)(lin)淄(zi)(zi)后,又(you)(you)東(dong)渡淄(zi)(zi)河進(jin)取安(an)(an)平(ping)(ping)。安(an)(an)平(ping)(ping)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(又(you)(you)名酃城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、皇(huang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、石槽城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng))位于淄(zi)(zi)水東(dong)岸,這(zhe)(zhe)時(shi)(shi),早從臨(lin)(lin)淄(zi)(zi)退(tui)守安(an)(an)平(ping)(ping)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)田(tian)(tian)(tian)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)正在(zai)(zai)(zai)積(ji)極籌劃拒敵方略。為(wei)使(shi)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)車(che)進(jin)退(tui)方便(bian),避免撞擊,他命(ming)令(ling)宗人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)部(bu)(bu)下(xia)疾速斷(duan)去車(che)軸(zhou)長頭(tou)(tou)(tou),并(bing)固(gu)上(shang)鐵籠,當時(shi)(shi)許(xu)多(duo)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)兵(bing)都笑話他。但當安(an)(an)平(ping)(ping)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)失守時(shi)(shi),許(xu)多(duo)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)兵(bing)將在(zai)(zai)(zai)撤(che)退(tui)時(shi)(shi)因(yin)(yin)車(che)軸(zhou)相撞,戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)車(che)被毀,紛紛落入燕(yan)(yan)(yan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)之手做了(le)(le)(le)俘虜,唯獨田(tian)(tian)(tian)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)宗人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)及部(bu)(bu)下(xia)安(an)(an)然退(tui)居即(ji)(ji)墨(mo)(mo)。車(che)軸(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)改革(ge)和(he)(he)巧勝樂毅的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)謀(mou)略,使(shi)田(tian)(tian)(tian)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)田(tian)(tian)(tian)氏(shi)宗人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)中名聲大(da)振(zhen),威望更高(gao)(gao)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)即(ji)(ji)墨(mo)(mo)大(da)夫戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)死疆場(chang)后,田(tian)(tian)(tian)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)便(bian)被宗族及部(bu)(bu)下(xia)們推(tui)為(wei)拒燕(yan)(yan)(yan)統(tong)帥。足智多(duo)謀(mou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)田(tian)(tian)(tian)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan),并(bing)沒有(you)因(yin)(yin)暫時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)失利而(er)(er)(er)(er)氣餒(nei),他肩(jian)負眾托(tuo),決心復國(guo)(guo),從而(er)(er)(er)(er)細心分析(xi)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)爭發(fa)展(zhan)變(bian)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形勢,窺測出戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)良機。就在(zai)(zai)(zai)這(zhe)(zhe)個時(shi)(shi)候,傳(chuan)來(lai)了(le)(le)(le)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)昭(zhao)王(wang)(wang)(wang)病死,燕(yan)(yan)(yan)惠(hui)王(wang)(wang)(wang)即(ji)(ji)位的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)消息(xi)。于是(shi),田(tian)(tian)(tian)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)惠(hui)王(wang)(wang)(wang)與樂毅之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關系有(you)裂隙(xi),派人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)去燕(yan)(yan)(yan)惠(hui)王(wang)(wang)(wang)面前讒言挑撥,進(jin)一步激化(hua)了(le)(le)(le)君(jun)臣間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)矛盾,致使(shi)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)惠(hui)王(wang)(wang)(wang)猜忌樂毅,很快(kuai)就改用(yong)(yong)(yong)騎(qi)劫為(wei)統(tong)帥。燕(yan)(yan)(yan)惠(hui)王(wang)(wang)(wang)自(zi)毀長城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),撤(che)換了(le)(le)(le)智勇雙全的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)樂毅,樂毅后來(lai)怒而(er)(er)(er)(er)棄(qi)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)國(guo)(guo),奔赴(fu)趙國(guo)(guo)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)變(bian)更領軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)將帥之時(shi)(shi),田(tian)(tian)(tian)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)抓住(zhu)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)將驕傲(ao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)弱(ruo)點,用(yong)(yong)(yong)以(yi)(yi)金(jin)錢(qian)賄賂,渙散燕(yan)(yan)(yan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)紀(ji),進(jin)一步使(shi)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)放松(song)戒備。而(er)(er)(er)(er)自(zi)己卻積(ji)極作應(ying)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)計劃和(he)(he)出擊準備。他還(huan)集田(tian)(tian)(tian)氏(shi)宗人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)登(deng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),親眼(yan)目睹(du)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)對齊(qi)(qi)(qi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)燒掠、削鼻屠殺和(he)(he)掘墳辱尸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)殘無(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)道的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)暴行(xing),從而(er)(er)(er)(er)激發(fa)了(le)(le)(le)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)兵(bing)同(tong)(tong)仇敵愾、收復失地(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)士氣。之后,田(tian)(tian)(tian)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)組織(zhi)老弱(ruo)女子乘(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),以(yi)(yi)示降燕(yan)(yan)(yan),同(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)組織(zhi)甲卒精兵(bing)埋伏于城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)四周,又(you)(you)將城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)千余頭(tou)(tou)(tou)牛,雙角裝上(shang)鋒利的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)匕首,身著畫有(you)龍紋圖(tu)案的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)五彩繒衣,尾束(shu)灌足脂油的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蘆葦(wei),后隨(sui)精甲壯士五千余人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),布下(xia)了(le)(le)(le)火牛陣。當夜(ye)深人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)靜燕(yan)(yan)(yan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)酣睡之時(shi)(shi),城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)鑼(luo)鼓齊(qi)(qi)(qi)嗚,火燒牛尾,數(shu)千頭(tou)(tou)(tou)火牛四面奔出,直(zhi)(zhi)沖燕(yan)(yan)(yan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)大(da)營(ying),齊(qi)(qi)(qi)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)將士則在(zai)(zai)(zai)吶喊聲中隨(sui)牛沖殺,頓時(shi)(shi)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)大(da)亂,統(tong)帥騎(qi)劫一命(ming)鳴乎。齊(qi)(qi)(qi)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)乘(cheng)勝直(zhi)(zhi)追(zhui),一連(lian)串(chuan)地(di)取得(de)了(le)(le)(le)敗燕(yan)(yan)(yan)復齊(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全部(bu)(bu)勝利。之后,田(tian)(tian)(tian)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)返(fan)回營(ying)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(今(jin)山東(dong)東(dong)營(ying)廣饒),于周赧(nan)(nan)王(wang)(wang)(wang)三十二年(nian)(田(tian)(tian)(tian)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)襄(xiang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)田(tian)(tian)(tian)法章元年(nian),公元前283年(nian))迎田(tian)(tian)(tian)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)襄(xiang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)還(huan)都臨(lin)(lin)淄(zi)(zi)。“火牛那可(ke)問,風雨夜(ye)燒青,巌巌七(qi)十城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),一夜(ye)息(xi)金(jin)刁(diao)!”田(tian)(tian)(tian)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)因(yin)(yin)復國(guo)(guo)之功,被田(tian)(tian)(tian)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)襄(xiang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)封任為(wei)相國(guo)(guo)、安(an)(an)平(ping)(ping)君(jun)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)田(tian)(tian)(tian)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)逝世(shi)后安(an)(an)葬于安(an)(an)平(ping)(ping)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)(今(jin)山東(dong)淄(zi)(zi)博(bo)臨(lin)(lin)淄(zi)(zi)區皇(huang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)皇(huang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)村東(dong)南(nan)部(bu)(bu))。
春秋(qiu)戰國時期(qi),齊國以邑為姓氏(shi)(shi)(shi)者有即墨(mo)(mo)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)、崔(cui)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)、盧氏(shi)(shi)(shi)、鮑氏(shi)(shi)(shi)、來氏(shi)(shi)(shi)、棠氏(shi)(shi)(shi)、檀(tan)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)、晏氏(shi)(shi)(shi)、梁邱氏(shi)(shi)(shi)等二十三氏(shi)(shi)(shi)。即墨(mo)(mo)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)族人大多(duo)是田單的(de)庶支子孫,以先祖守即墨(mo)(mo)而得姓,后有省文簡化為單姓即氏(shi)(shi)(shi)、墨(mo)(mo)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)者,皆(jie)世代相傳。即墨(mo)(mo)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)以及分(fen)衍的(de)即氏(shi)(shi)(shi)、墨(mo)(mo)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)族人,大多(duo)尊(zun)奉田單為得姓始(shi)祖。
源于(yu)姬姓,出(chu)自(zi)東漢(han)初(chu)期著(zhu)名(ming)大將賈(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子賈(jia)(jia)(jia)宗,屬于(yu)以封邑名(ming)稱為氏。賈(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu),公元?~55年(nian)待考,字君(jun)文,南陽冠軍人(ren)。少好學,通習《尚書(shu)(shu)》。開(kai)始事(shi)從(cong)舞(wu)陰李生,李生奇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),對自(zi)己的門人(ren)說:“賈(jia)(jia)(jia)君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)容貌志氣如此,而(er)勤于(yu)學,將相(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器也(ye)(ye)。”王(wang)(wang)莽末期,賈(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)為縣掾,即管理市(shi)(shi)場的小(xiao)官。不(bu)(bu)久,下江、新市(shi)(shi)兵起,賈(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)也(ye)(ye)聚眾數百人(ren)于(yu)羽山,自(zi)號將軍。漢(han)更始帝立,賈(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)率(lv)其部(bu)眾歸漢(han)中王(wang)(wang)劉嘉,官為校尉。不(bu)(bu)久,賈(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)見漢(han)更始帝政權混亂,諸(zhu)將放縱(zong),乃對漢(han)中王(wang)(wang)說:“臣聞圖堯(yao)、舜(shun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)而(er)不(bu)(bu)能至者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),湯、武是也(ye)(ye);圖湯、武之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)而(er)不(bu)(bu)能至者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),桓、文是也(ye)(ye);圖桓、文之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)而(er)不(bu)(bu)能至者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),六(liu)國是也(ye)(ye);定六(liu)國之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)規,欲安守之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)不(bu)(bu)能至者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),亡六(liu)國是也(ye)(ye)。今(jin)漢(han)室中興(xing),大王(wang)(wang)以親戚(qi)為籓輔,天下未定而(er)安守所(suo)保(bao),所(suo)保(bao)得無不(bu)(bu)可保(bao)乎?”漢(han)中王(wang)(wang)感嘆道:“卿言大,非吾任也(ye)(ye)。大司馬劉公在河北(bei),必(bi)能相(xiang)施(shi),第持我(wo)書(shu)(shu)往。”賈(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)遂(sui)辭(ci)別漢(han)中王(wang)(wang),受(shou)書(shu)(shu)北(bei)度河。
及(ji)至(zhi)(zhi)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)光(guang)(guang)(guang)武(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)劉(liu)(liu)(liu)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)起(qi)兵(bing),鄧(deng)禹向(xiang)劉(liu)(liu)(liu)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)推薦(jian)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)。劉(liu)(liu)(liu)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)見(jian)到(dao)(dao)(dao)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)奇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),鄧(deng)禹亦稱賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)有(you)(you)將(jiang)(jiang)帥之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)節(jie),于(yu)是(shi)劉(liu)(liu)(liu)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)任命賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)為(wei)破(po)虜將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)督(du)(du)盜(dao)賊。賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)迅速平定(ding)了當地(di)的(de)盜(dao)賊,劉(liu)(liu)(liu)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)以(yi)左(zuo)驂賜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。當吏(li)部以(yi)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)來而好(hao)陵折等(deng)輩,調補其(qi)(qi)為(wei)鄗尉(wei),劉(liu)(liu)(liu)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)馬上制止說(shuo):“賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)督(du)(du)有(you)(you)折沖千(qian)里之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)威(wei),方(fang)任以(yi)職,勿(wu)得(de)擅除(chu)。”后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)劉(liu)(liu)(liu)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)至(zhi)(zhi)信(xin)都(今(jin)河(he)(he)(he)北(bei)(bei)冀縣(xian)(xian)),以(yi)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)為(wei)偏將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)。不(bu)久賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)率軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)攻(gong)克邯鄲,遷(qian)(qian)升都護(hu)將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)。在一(yi)(yi)次(ci)跟隨劉(liu)(liu)(liu)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)擊(ji)青犢于(yu)射犬時,雙方(fang)大(da)戰(zhan)(zhan)至(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)午,敵(di)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)首領(ling)陳(chen)堅(jian)堅(jian)守不(bu)退。劉(liu)(liu)(liu)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)傳(chuan)召賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu):“吏(li)士(shi)(shi)皆饑,可且朝(chao)(chao)飯。”賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)卻(que)回(hui)答:“先(xian)破(po)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),然后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)食耳!”于(yu)是(shi)被羽先(xian)登(deng),所(suo)(suo)向(xiang)皆靡,陳(chen)堅(jian)不(bu)敵(di)而潰(kui)敗。諸(zhu)(zhu)將(jiang)(jiang)皆佩服(fu)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勇(yong)。之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)又在北(bei)(bei)方(fang)與五校戰(zhan)(zhan)于(yu)真定(ding)(今(jin)河(he)(he)(he)北(bei)(bei)正(zheng)定(ding)),大(da)破(po)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。但賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)也(ye)受了重傷(shang)。當時劉(liu)(liu)(liu)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)得(de)知(zhi)(zhi)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)重傷(shang)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)大(da)驚:“我所(suo)(suo)以(yi)不(bu)令(ling)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)別將(jiang)(jiang)者(zhe),為(wei)其(qi)(qi)輕敵(di)也(ye)。果(guo)然,失吾名將(jiang)(jiang)。聞其(qi)(qi)婦有(you)(you)孕,生女邪,我子娶之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),生男邪,我女嫁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)令(ling)其(qi)(qi)憂妻子也(ye)。”誰(shui)知(zhi)(zhi)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)很(hen)快(kuai)就(jiu)傷(shang)愈,一(yi)(yi)好(hao)就(jiu)立即追到(dao)(dao)(dao)薊縣(xian)(xian)去見(jian)劉(liu)(liu)(liu)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)。劉(liu)(liu)(liu)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)見(jian)到(dao)(dao)(dao)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)沒事(shi)了,“甚歡,大(da)饗士(shi)(shi)卒(zu),令(ling)復(fu)(fu)(fu)居(ju)前,擊(ji)鄴賊,破(po)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”劉(liu)(liu)(liu)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)即位(wei)為(wei)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)光(guang)(guang)(guang)武(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),拜賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)為(wei)執(zhi)金(jin)吾,封冠(guan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)侯。之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)先(xian)領(ling)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)度河(he)(he)(he)攻(gong)朱鮪于(yu)洛陽(yang)(yang),再與白虎公(gong)陳(chen)僑(qiao)鏖(ao)戰(zhan)(zhan),連(lian)破(po)降(jiang)(jiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。東(dong)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)建武(wu)(wu)(wu)二年(nian)(公(gong)元26年(nian)),益封賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)穰(今(jin)河(he)(he)(he)南(nan)鄧(deng)州)、朝(chao)(chao)陽(yang)(yang)二縣(xian)(xian)。當時漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)更始帝(di)(di)的(de)屬(shu)下郾(yan)王(wang)尹尊(zun)及(ji)諸(zhu)(zhu)大(da)將(jiang)(jiang)在南(nan)方(fang)未(wei)(wei)降(jiang)(jiang)者(zhe)尚(shang)多(duo),漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)光(guang)(guang)(guang)武(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)召集(ji)諸(zhu)(zhu)將(jiang)(jiang)議兵(bing)事(shi)。當時大(da)家竇不(bu)說(shuo)話言(yan),沉(chen)吟久之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)光(guang)(guang)(guang)武(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)以(yi)檄叩地(di)曰(yue):“郾(yan)最強,宛為(wei)次(ci),誰(shui)當擊(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)?”賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)率然回(hui)答:“臣請擊(ji)郾(yan)。”漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)光(guang)(guang)(guang)武(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)見(jian)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu),就(jiu)笑了:“執(zhi)金(jin)吾擊(ji)郾(yan),吾復(fu)(fu)(fu)何憂!卿謀略過人,今(jin)則其(qi)(qi)以(yi)便宜從(cong)(cong)事(shi),勿(wu)復(fu)(fu)(fu)先(xian)請。”遂派遣賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)與騎都尉(wei)陰識、驍騎將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)劉(liu)(liu)(liu)植南(nan)度五社津(今(jin)河(he)(he)(he)南(nan)鞏縣(xian)(xian)北(bei)(bei)部)出(chu)擊(ji)郾(yan)王(wang)尹尊(zun),賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)領(ling)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)連(lian)連(lian)破(po)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。一(yi)(yi)個(ge)來月,郾(yan)王(wang)尹尊(zun)歸降(jiang)(jiang),盡定(ding)其(qi)(qi)地(di)。之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)再引軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)東(dong)擊(ji)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)更始帝(di)(di)屬(shu)下的(de)淮陽(yang)(yang)太(tai)守暴汜(si),暴汜(si)也(ye)歸降(jiang)(jiang),屬(shu)縣(xian)(xian)悉(xi)定(ding)。到(dao)(dao)(dao)了秋天,賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)再次(ci)領(ling)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)南(nan)擊(ji)召陵(今(jin)河(he)(he)(he)南(nan)漯河(he)(he)(he)召陵)、新(xin)息(今(jin)河(he)(he)(he)南(nan)息縣(xian)(xian)),皆平定(ding)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。東(dong)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)建武(wu)(wu)(wu)三年(nian)(公(gong)元27年(nian))春季,賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)因功官遷(qian)(qian)左(zuo)將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),再領(ling)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)出(chu)擊(ji)赤(chi)眉(mei)于(yu)新(xin)城(今(jin)湖北(bei)(bei)大(da)悟)、澠(min)池(今(jin)河(he)(he)(he)南(nan)澠(min)池)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間,連(lian)破(po)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。不(bu)久與漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)光(guang)(guang)(guang)武(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)會(hui)師于(yu)宜陽(yang)(yang)(今(jin)河(he)(he)(he)南(nan)洛陽(yang)(yang)宜陽(yang)(yang)),降(jiang)(jiang)服(fu)了所(suo)(suo)有(you)(you)的(de)赤(chi)眉(mei)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),完全穩定(ding)了東(dong)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)王(wang)朝(chao)(chao)。賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)一(yi)(yi)生征(zheng)戰(zhan)(zhan),從(cong)(cong)未(wei)(wei)又敗績,他數次(ci)解除(chu)了諸(zhu)(zhu)將(jiang)(jiang)的(de)潰(kui)圍(wei)解急,曾身受十(shi)二次(ci)重傷(shang)。漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)光(guang)(guang)(guang)武(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)以(yi)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)善用兵(bing)、敢深入,凡沒把握的(de)遠征(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)戰(zhan)(zhan),皆帶(dai)著賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)而壯其(qi)(qi)勇(yong)節(jie),常自從(cong)(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故而賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)一(yi)(yi)直沒有(you)(you)什么(me)單方(fang)面的(de)特(te)殊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勛。后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)來諸(zhu)(zhu)將(jiang)(jiang)每(mei)論功自伐,賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)未(wei)(wei)嘗有(you)(you)言(yan)。漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)光(guang)(guang)(guang)武(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)卻(que)說(shuo):“賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)君之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功,我自知(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”
東漢(han)建(jian)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)年(nian)(公元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)37年(nian)),定封(feng)膠東侯,食郁秩、壯武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、下密、即(ji)墨(mo)、梃、觀陽,凡六(liu)縣。賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)深知漢(han)光武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)一直(zhi)欲偃干戈,修文德(de),不欲功臣擁眾(zhong)京師,乃(nai)與(yu)高密侯鄧禹(yu)并剽甲兵,敦儒(ru)學。漢(han)光武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)深然之,遂罷(ba)左右將軍(jun)。賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)以列侯就第,加位特(te)進。賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)為(wei)人(ren)剛(gang)(gang)毅方(fang)直(zhi),多(duo)大節。既還(huan)私第,闔門養威重(zhong)。漢(han)光武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)最信(xin)任的同窗朱祐大力推薦賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)宜為(wei)宰相,漢(han)光武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)方(fang)以吏事責三(san)(san)公,故功臣并不用。是(shi)時,列侯中惟高密、固(gu)始、膠東三(san)(san)侯與(yu)公卿(qing)參議國家大事,恩(en)遇甚厚。東漢(han)建(jian)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)一年(nian)(公元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)55年(nian)),賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)逝世,賜謚“剛(gang)(gang)侯”。到了東漢(han)漢(han)章帝(di)劉炟(da)即(ji)位(公元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)76~87年(nian)在位),封(feng)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)的兒子賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)邯為(wei)膠東侯,封(feng)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)邯的弟(di)弟(di)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)宗(zong)(zong)為(wei)即(ji)墨(mo)侯,各領一縣。即(ji)墨(mo)侯賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)宗(zong)(zong),字武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)孺,少有操行(xing),多(duo)智(zhi)略。初拜郎中,稍(shao)遷,東漢(han)建(jian)初五年(nian)(公元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)80年(nian))為(wei)朔(shuo)方(fang)太(tai)守。舊內(nei)郡(jun)徙人(ren)在邊(bian)者(zhe),率多(duo)貧弱,為(wei)居人(ren)所仆役,不得為(wei)吏。賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)宗(zong)(zong)擢用其(qi)任職者(zhe),與(yu)邊(bian)吏參選,轉相監司,以揭發其(qi)奸(jian),或以功次補長吏,故各愿盡死。匈(xiong)奴當(dang)時十(shi)(shi)分懼怕賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)宗(zong)(zong),不敢入塞。后征為(wei)長水校尉。賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)宗(zong)(zong)還(huan)精通儒(ru)術,每宴見(jian),常(chang)使與(yu)少府丁鴻(hong)等論議于(yu)前。
東漢(han)章和二年(nian)(公(gong)元88年(nian)),賈宗逝(shi)世,東漢(han)朝廷上下(xia)都為(wei)他的(de)去世而十分(fen)愍惜(xi)。賈宗的(de)兒子叫賈參(can)。在賈參(can)的(de)庶支子孫中,有以先祖爵號“即墨侯(hou)”為(wei)姓氏者,稱(cheng)即墨氏,后(hou)有一(yi)部分(fen)人(ren)省(sheng)文簡(jian)改為(wei)單姓墨氏,一(yi)部分(fen)復為(wei)賈氏,皆世代相傳至今。
田單、賈復。
即墨(mo)(mo)氏復姓是非常古老的(de)姓氏之一,但今(jin)已經多省文(wen)簡改(gai)為單姓即氏、墨(mo)(mo)氏,即墨(mo)(mo)氏復姓反而(er)難見了。
膠東郡:西漢時期設置膠東郡,之后(hou)有時是國,治所在即墨(今山東平度)。
即(ji)墨(mo)(mo)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian):春(chun)秋(qiu)、戰國(guo)時(shi)(shi)期即(ji)墨(mo)(mo)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)齊國(guo)。秦朝時(shi)(shi)期設即(ji)墨(mo)(mo)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),屬(shu)(shu)(shu)齊郡。西漢時(shi)(shi)期,即(ji)墨(mo)(mo)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)城同(tong)時(shi)(shi)為膠東(dong)(dong)王國(guo)都城。東(dong)(dong)漢及兩(liang)晉時(shi)(shi)期屬(shu)(shu)(shu)青州(zhou)。隋、唐(tang)、明、清時(shi)(shi)期均屬(shu)(shu)(shu)萊(lai)(lai)州(zhou)。民(min)國(guo)三十(shi)二年(癸未,公元(yuan)1943年)分設即(ji)東(dong)(dong)、即(ji)墨(mo)(mo)兩(liang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),民(min)國(guo)三十(shi)三年(甲申,公元(yuan)1944年)4月(yue)(yue)即(ji)東(dong)(dong)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)并入即(ji)墨(mo)(mo)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),民(min)國(guo)三十(shi)四年(乙酉,公元(yuan)1945年)7月(yue)(yue),恢復即(ji)東(dong)(dong)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。中華人民(min)共和國(guo)建國(guo)初期,屬(shu)(shu)(shu)膠州(zhou)專區(qu)。1956年3月(yue)(yue)即(ji)東(dong)(dong)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)并入即(ji)墨(mo)(mo)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),改屬(shu)(shu)(shu)萊(lai)(lai)陽(yang)專區(qu)。1958年10月(yue)(yue)改屬(shu)(shu)(shu)青島(dao)市。1961年3月(yue)(yue),改屬(shu)(shu)(shu)煙臺(tai)專區(qu)。1978年12月(yue)(yue)改屬(shu)(shu)(shu)青島(dao)市。1989年9月(yue)(yue)撤縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)設市。
膠東堂:以望立堂。
即墨堂:以望立堂。
即墨(mo)威:(生卒年待考(kao)),山東即墨(mo)人。著名漢朝(chao)咸陽令。