黃煙(yan)(yan)(yan)是(shi)(shi)南雄(xiong)一(yi)寶,南雄(xiong)農民種煙(yan)(yan)(yan)、嗜煙(yan)(yan)(yan),一(yi)輩(bei)子離不開煙(yan)(yan)(yan);南雄(xiong)卷煙(yan)(yan)(yan)廠產(chan)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)、銷(xiao)煙(yan)(yan)(yan),“百順(shun)”、“珠璣”行(xing)銷(xiao)各地。南雄(xiong)重要的經(jing)濟支柱是(shi)(shi)黃煙(yan)(yan)(yan),每年黃煙(yan)(yan)(yan)收入(ru)要占國民經(jing)濟總(zong)收入(ru)的一(yi)半以上。
南雄(xiong)黃煙種(zhong)植已有300多年歷史。南雄(xiong)煙葉品質優良,為我(wo)國(guo)煙葉商品的名牌產品,歷來飲譽中(zhong)外,內銷全國(guo)28個大中(zhong)城市,曾一度遠銷67個國(guo)家和地區。
1984年(nian)至1994年(nian),累計煙(yan)(yan)葉(xie)(xie)總產(chan)21萬噸,年(nian)均(jun)產(chan)2.1萬噸,為廣東省(sheng)年(nian)均(jun)產(chan)量的50%左(zuo)右。10年(nian)平均(jun)收(shou)購煙(yan)(yan)葉(xie)(xie)15600噸。為全(quan)省(sheng)年(nian)均(jun)收(shou)購量的60%左(zuo)右。煙(yan)(yan)葉(xie)(xie)產(chan)量和收(shou)購量均(jun)居(ju)全(quan)省(sheng)之(zhi)首。全(quan)國煙(yan)(yan)草種植面(mian)積達20萬畝以上(shang)的縣市只有6個,南(nan)雄是其(qi)中之(zhi)一。
由此可(ke)見(jian)南(nan)(nan)雄黃(huang)煙(yan)在全(quan)(quan)省舉足輕重,在全(quan)(quan)國名列前茅(mao)。1985年,廣東(dong)省煙(yan)草(cao)總(zong)公(gong)司(si)確定(ding)南(nan)(nan)雄為(wei)優質(zhi)生產(chan)基(ji)地(di)。1986年,中國煙(yan)草(cao)總(zong)公(gong)司(si)又確定(ding)南(nan)(nan)雄為(wei)出口曬煙(yan)生產(chan)基(ji)地(di)。1992年,原中國煙(yan)草(cao)總(zong)公(gong)司(si)總(zong)經理李益三到南(nan)(nan)雄視察(cha)時,欣(xin)然題詞:“金葉之(zhi)鄉(xiang)(xiang)在南(nan)(nan)雄"。的確,不論從數量還是質(zhi)量來看,南(nan)(nan)雄堪稱煙(yan)葉之(zhi)鄉(xiang)(xiang)。全(quan)(quan)市(shi)24個鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮都(dou)種植(zhi)黃(huang)煙(yan),煙(yan)農10余萬(wan)戶,占總(zong)戶數的八成多。在南(nan)(nan)雄盆地(di)田野(ye)上,黃(huang)煙(yan)連綿20余萬(wan)畝,春來一片翠綠,夏至一片金黃(huang)。到了收煙(yan)季節,烤房(fang)爐火通明,村巷煙(yan)葉飄香。全(quan)(quan)市(shi)上下為(wei)煙(yan)葉而(er)忙碌,為(wei)煙(yan)葉而(er)歡笑。
南(nan)(nan)(nan)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)黃(huang)煙(yan)于清初自閩(min)南(nan)(nan)(nan)傳入(ru),至今300多年(nian)(nian),盛產(chan)不(bu)衰。閩(min)南(nan)(nan)(nan)黃(huang)煙(yan)是怎樣傳入(ru)南(nan)(nan)(nan)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)的(de)呢?主(zhu)要通(tong)過兩條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)渠道(dao):一(yi)(yi)(yi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)是通(tong)過氏族(zu)遷徙。南(nan)(nan)(nan)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)不(bu)少氏族(zu)來自閩(min)南(nan)(nan)(nan),他們遷徙來南(nan)(nan)(nan)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)的(de)同時,把(ba)黃(huang)煙(yan)的(de)生(sheng)產(chan)技(ji)術也帶到了南(nan)(nan)(nan)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong);另一(yi)(yi)(yi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)渠道(dao)是商(shang)業貿(mao)易。明清南(nan)(nan)(nan)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)商(shang)業貿(mao)易非(fei)常繁榮,閩(min)南(nan)(nan)(nan)來南(nan)(nan)(nan)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)經(jing)商(shang)的(de)人不(bu)少,他們為了獲取商(shang)業利潤,很樂意把(ba)黃(huang)煙(yan)生(sheng)產(chan)技(ji)術引進南(nan)(nan)(nan)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)。黃(huang)煙(yan)傳入(ru)南(nan)(nan)(nan)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)后(hou),與(yu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)特有的(de)土壤(rang)、氣候條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件相適應(ying),煙(yan)葉品質優良,種者日眾。清乾隆(long)嘉年(nian)(nian)間已(yi)成一(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)特產(chan)。清道(dao)光四(si)年(nian)(nian)《直隸南(nan)(nan)(nan)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)州志.物產(chan)》載(zai):"煙(yan)葉,舊志未載(zai),近(jin)年(nian)(nian)四(si)五十年(nian)(nian)日暫增(zeng)植,春種秋收,每(mei)年(nian)(nian)貨銀百萬兩,其利幾與(yu)禾稻(dao)等。"。
南(nan)雄(xiong)黃(huang)葉以葉色金黃(huang)、煙味(wei)醇香、易燃灰白三大特(te)性而素負盛(sheng)名(ming),為當今各大煙廠生(sheng)產品牌卷煙之原料。南(nan)雄(xiong)曬(shai)煙歷(li)來很受外(wai)商歡迎(ying),出口頗多(duo)。
民(min)國(guo)時期已暢銷(xiao)五大(da)洲67個國(guo)家和地區。1953年到1979年,年出口額(e)三五百(bai)噸(dun),多的(de)1954年,出口1155噸(dun)。1980年后,由于(yu)國(guo)外煙葉(xie)市場(chang)的(de)變化,消費習(xi)慣(guan)由清香型變為(wei)濃(nong)香型,外貿出口停止。
近幾年,隨著煙葉(xie)品種改良(liang),質量提高(gao),南雄煙葉(xie)又恢復出口。