生產條件
南澳縣(xian)(xian)是中國十二(er)個海(hai)(hai)(hai)島(dao)縣(xian)(xian)之一(yi),也是廣(guang)東省(sheng)(sheng)唯一(yi)的海(hai)(hai)(hai)島(dao)縣(xian)(xian),地處閩(min)、粵、臺三省(sheng)(sheng)交界,主(zhu)島(dao)周圍(wei)10米等深線內海(hai)(hai)(hai)域面積24.6萬畝(mu),其中可養面積10萬畝(mu),海(hai)(hai)(hai)域面積廣(guang)闊,海(hai)(hai)(hai)洋(yang)生(sheng)(sheng)物豐(feng)富,海(hai)(hai)(hai)洋(yang)生(sheng)(sheng)物種類(lei)達1300多(duo)(duo)種。南澳屬亞熱帶(dai)海(hai)(hai)(hai)洋(yang)季風(feng)氣(qi)候,年(nian)平(ping)均氣(qi)溫21.5℃,海(hai)(hai)(hai)區(qu)(qu)(qu)營養鹽充足,餌料生(sheng)(sheng)物種類(lei)多(duo)(duo)樣,海(hai)(hai)(hai)區(qu)(qu)(qu)年(nian)平(ping)均氣(qi)溫22.5℃,年(nian)平(ping)均鹽度32%,溶解氧6.95毫米∕升(sheng),PH值(zhi)7.8~8.2,水質COD含量為(wei)0.28~1.42毫克∕升(sheng),海(hai)(hai)(hai)水養殖(zhi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)不受工農(nong)業、居(ju)民生(sheng)(sheng)活等方面的污(wu)染,潮流暢通。南澳海(hai)(hai)(hai)洋(yang)自然(ran)(ran)條件優越,沿(yan)海(hai)(hai)(hai)岸線海(hai)(hai)(hai)域有(you)案嶼、獵嶼、虎嶼、官(guan)嶼等十多(duo)(duo)個島(dao)嶼作(zuo)為(wei)天(tian)然(ran)(ran)屏障(zhang),形成了(le)龍門灣、白沙灣等具有(you)自然(ran)(ran)優勢的天(tian)然(ran)(ran)養殖(zhi)區(qu)(qu)(qu),對(dui)發展太(tai)平(ping)洋(yang)牡(mu)蠣養殖(zhi)業具有(you)得天(tian)獨厚的優勢。
質量特色
蠣殼(ke):色(se)澤(ze)呈翠綠(lv)色(se),呈近等腰三角形,左右對稱,殼(ke)長在6cm以上,重量25克以上;蠣體:肉質飽滿、細(xi)嫩(nen),呈乳(ru)白(bai)或灰白(bai)色(se),無寄生蟲;口(kou)感:鮮(xian)美(mei)、細(xi)嫩(nen),多吃不(bu)膩(ni)。
文化背景
南(nan)澳(ao)(ao)(ao)牡(mu)蠣(li)肉由于味鮮美,營(ying)養全(quan),成為(wei)(wei)餐桌上(shang)的(de)(de)美食(shi)和(he)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)上(shang)的(de)(de)搶手貨,深(shen)受消(xiao)費者的(de)(de)歡迎。長期以來,南(nan)澳(ao)(ao)(ao)牡(mu)蠣(li)以南(nan)澳(ao)(ao)(ao)本島和(he)粵東為(wei)(wei)主要市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang),并不斷(duan)輻射(she)到廣州、深(shen)圳等全(quan)省(sheng)各地(di),在這些地(di)方(fang)的(de)(de)酒樓、餐館(guan)、超市(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)集(ji)貿市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)都有(you)標明(ming)“南(nan)澳(ao)(ao)(ao)牡(mu)蠣(li)”牌(pai)子的(de)(de)產(chan)品(pin)銷售(shou),市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)銷售(shou)價(jia)格比同類產(chan)品(pin)高15%-25%以上(shang)。互(hu)聯網上(shang)也有(you)許多(duo)關于南(nan)澳(ao)(ao)(ao)牡(mu)蠣(li)的(de)(de)信息(xi)傳播,《南(nan)澳(ao)(ao)(ao)縣志》也早(zao)有(you)記載。特別是隨著南(nan)澳(ao)(ao)(ao)旅游業(ye)的(de)(de)進一步升(sheng)(sheng)溫和(he)上(shang)島游客的(de)(de)逐(zhu)年增(zeng)加(jia),更大(da)大(da)提升(sheng)(sheng)了(le)南(nan)澳(ao)(ao)(ao)牡(mu)蠣(li)的(de)(de)知(zhi)名度,廣大(da)游客被南(nan)澳(ao)(ao)(ao)牡(mu)蠣(li)深(shen)深(shen)吸引,上(shang)島非吃南(nan)澳(ao)(ao)(ao)牡(mu)蠣(li)不可。南(nan)澳(ao)(ao)(ao)牡(mu)蠣(li)已成為(wei)(wei)南(nan)澳(ao)(ao)(ao)飲食(shi)業(ye)的(de)(de)招牌(pai)菜。
養殖情況
南(nan)澳縣(xian)努力推(tui)動太平洋(yang)(yang)牡蠣(li)養(yang)(yang)殖業(ye)發展,使太平洋(yang)(yang)牡蠣(li)養(yang)(yang)殖生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)成為(wei)該縣(xian)海(hai)水養(yang)(yang)殖業(ye)重要(yao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)支柱及拳頭產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)。2005年(nian)全(quan)縣(xian)海(hai)水養(yang)(yang)殖總面積達(da)4.13萬畝(mu),產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量5.38萬噸(dun),產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)值18785萬元,其中(zhong)太平洋(yang)(yang)牡蠣(li)養(yang)(yang)殖面積達(da)2.1萬畝(mu),占(zhan)全(quan)縣(xian)養(yang)(yang)殖面積51%,養(yang)(yang)殖產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量3.78萬噸(dun),占(zhan)全(quan)縣(xian)養(yang)(yang)殖產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量70.4%。太平洋(yang)(yang)牡蠣(li)養(yang)(yang)殖生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)已成為(wei)該縣(xian)漁(yu)業(ye)經濟的(de)(de)一個(ge)新增(zeng)長點,成為(wei)解(jie)決轉(zhuan)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)轉(zhuan)業(ye)漁(yu)民及下崗(gang)職工生活出路的(de)(de)一個(ge)重要(yao)途徑,也是壯(zhuang)大漁(yu)農村(cun)集(ji)體經濟的(de)(de)新產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye),達(da)到漁(yu)民增(zeng)收、漁(yu)業(ye)增(zeng)效,確(que)保了漁(yu)區的(de)(de)穩定。
太(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)牡(mu)蠣(li)(li)(li)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)在(zai)該(gai)縣(xian)已有20多(duo)年的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史,1984年從青島引(yin)進(jin)(jin)(jin)太(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)牡(mu)蠣(li)(li)(li)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)20畝(mu),在(zai)深澳(ao)(ao)白沙(sha)灣西南(nan)側(ce)灘(tan)涂海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)區(qu)開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)木樁式(shi)吊養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)試(shi)驗(yan),當(dang)年試(shi)驗(yan)獲(huo)得成(cheng)功。經過十(shi)多(duo)年來水(shui)產(chan)(chan)(chan)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)人(ren)員對太(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)牡(mu)蠣(li)(li)(li)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)區(qu)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)技(ji)術(shu)及養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)試(shi)驗(yan)、探索、研究和(he)(he)實踐,總結出一(yi)套深水(shui)延繩式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)和(he)(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)管(guan)理經驗(yan),促(cu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)了(le)(le)(le)太(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)牡(mu)蠣(li)(li)(li)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)向規(gui)(gui)模化(hua)、科(ke)(ke)學化(hua)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新局面。特別(bie)是2000年對太(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)牡(mu)蠣(li)(li)(li)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)實施了(le)(le)(le)貝藻類(lei)混(hun)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)立體(ti)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)模式(shi),即是太(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)牡(mu)蠣(li)(li)(li)與龍須菜(cai)、紫菜(cai)等藻類(lei)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)混(hun)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)、間養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),其生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面積(ji)比(bi)例(li)為3:1,即太(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)牡(mu)蠣(li)(li)(li)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面積(ji)為3畝(mu),龍須菜(cai)、紫菜(cai)等藻類(lei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面積(ji)則為1畝(mu),通(tong)過貝藻類(lei)混(hun)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)、間養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)促(cu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)鏈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)互作用,改善了(le)(le)(le)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)質(zhi),提高了(le)(le)(le)太(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)牡(mu)蠣(li)(li)(li)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)單位產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang),防止(zhi)了(le)(le)(le)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)區(qu)富(fu)營養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)和(he)(he)貝類(lei)暴(bao)發(fa)性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)病(bing)害(hai)。為使(shi)太(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)牡(mu)蠣(li)(li)(li)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)可持續健(jian)康發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan),該(gai)縣(xian)對深澳(ao)(ao)白沙(sha)灣等太(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)牡(mu)蠣(li)(li)(li)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)區(qu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)科(ke)(ke)學的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)劃和(he)(he)多(duo)次的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)清理整治,制訂了(le)(le)(le)太(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)牡(mu)蠣(li)(li)(li)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)管(guan)理制度,并核發(fa)了(le)(le)(le)《養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)證》。還先后出臺了(le)(le)(le)《南(nan)澳(ao)(ao)縣(xian)水(shui)域灘(tan)涂海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)水(shui)增養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)劃》、《南(nan)澳(ao)(ao)縣(xian)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)水(shui)增養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)暫行(xing)(xing)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)》等有關地(di)方(fang)(fang)性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法(fa)律法(fa)規(gui)(gui),使(shi)該(gai)縣(xian)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)水(shui)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)走(zou)上規(gui)(gui)范化(hua)道路。太(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)牡(mu)蠣(li)(li)(li)原(yuan)產(chan)(chan)(chan)于日本、澳(ao)(ao)大利(li)亞,是一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)周(zhou)期(qi)短、產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)高、肉質(zhi)肥美的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優良貝類(lei)。1999年8月,南(nan)澳(ao)(ao)國家(jia)五部委(wei)批準為全國科(ke)(ke)技(ji)興海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)示范基(ji)地(di)后,大膽承擔了(le)(le)(le)國家(jia)863海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)領域的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)大項(xiang)目《太(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)牡(mu)蠣(li)(li)(li)三(san)倍體(ti)育(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中試(shi)》,在(zai)青島海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)大學專家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)指導下,建(jian)起了(le)(le)(le)年可培育(yu)太(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)牡(mu)蠣(li)(li)(li)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)2000畝(mu)以上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)育(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)中心(xin),據國家(jia)有關部門的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實地(di)驗(yan)收,在(zai)南(nan)澳(ao)(ao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三(san)倍體(ti)太(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)牡(mu)蠣(li)(li)(li)成(cheng)貝開(kai)口死亡率、每串重(zhong)量(liang)分別(bie)比(bi)二(er)倍體(ti)減少50%和(he)(he)增長107%,為南(nan)澳(ao)(ao)獲(huo)取太(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)牡(mu)蠣(li)(li)(li)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)高產(chan)(chan)(chan)、穩產(chan)(chan)(chan),推動(dong)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)化(hua)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)奠定(ding)了(le)(le)(le)堅實的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎,也成(cheng)為項(xiang)目奪得全國海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)創(chuang)新成(cheng)果一(yi)等獎(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)5個中試(shi)基(ji)地(di)之一(yi)。
與(yu)此同時,南澳縣(xian)著眼太(tai)(tai)平(ping)洋牡蠣的(de)(de)(de)規模化發展,把(ba)它(ta)作為(wei)全(quan)縣(xian)海水養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖的(de)(de)(de)重點項目來抓,形(xing)成5大養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖區,全(quan)縣(xian)養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖面(mian)積從1998年的(de)(de)(de)3000畝(mu)增至2002年的(de)(de)(de)1萬畝(mu),總面(mian)積增長了2.3倍(bei),成為(wei)中國南方太(tai)(tai)平(ping)洋牡蠣的(de)(de)(de)主要養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖基地(di)之一。深澳白沙灣太(tai)(tai)平(ping)洋牡蠣養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖基地(di)是南澳縣(xian)最早開(kai)發建設的(de)(de)(de)基地(di),到2002年,整個養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖基地(di)僅(jin)吊養(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)太(tai)(tai)平(ping)洋牡蠣面(mian)積就達4000畝(mu),年總產量1萬噸,產值1000萬元。
經濟效益
通過努力(li),該縣(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)太(tai)平(ping)(ping)洋(yang)牡蠣養(yang)殖(zhi)業取得了(le)快速發展(zhan),2006年,全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)太(tai)平(ping)(ping)洋(yang)牡蠣養(yang)殖(zhi)面積達(da)(da)到2.1萬(wan)畝。2006年太(tai)平(ping)(ping)洋(yang)牡蠣養(yang)殖(zhi)產(chan)(chan)量達(da)(da)3.78萬(wan)噸,占全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)海產(chan)(chan)量49.78%,成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)漁(yu)(yu)(yu)業結(jie)構調整后一(yi)大重點(dian)優勢(shi)產(chan)(chan)業,也是全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)海水養(yang)殖(zhi)業的(de)(de)主要產(chan)(chan)業之一(yi),成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)群眾(zhong)的(de)(de)主要生(sheng)活出(chu)路。2006年,全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)從(cong)事太(tai)平(ping)(ping)洋(yang)牡蠣養(yang)殖(zhi)專(zhuan)業人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)達(da)(da)到3000人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),季(ji)(ji)節(jie)性(xing)兼業人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)2500人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),發展(zhan)太(tai)平(ping)(ping)洋(yang)牡蠣養(yang)殖(zhi)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan),已成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)漁(yu)(yu)(yu)村(cun)家(jia)庭的(de)(de)主要經濟(ji)收(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)。以深澳鎮為(wei)(wei)例(li),該鎮從(cong)事海水養(yang)殖(zhi)專(zhuan)業人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)達(da)(da)到2000名,季(ji)(ji)節(jie)性(xing)兼業人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)達(da)(da)到1500人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),年勞(lao)平(ping)(ping)基本收(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)達(da)(da)到5000~8000元(yuan),有(you)40%達(da)(da)到2萬(wan)元(yuan)以上。漁(yu)(yu)(yu)村(cun)富余(yu)勞(lao)力(li),轉產(chan)(chan)轉業漁(yu)(yu)(yu)民的(de)(de)生(sheng)活出(chu)路問題(ti)也得以解(jie)決。隨著海水養(yang)殖(zhi)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)迅猛(meng)發展(zhan),群眾(zhong)的(de)(de)經濟(ji)收(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)提(ti)高(gao)了(le),生(sheng)活改善了(le),群眾(zhong)年存款儲蓄(xu)額達(da)(da)1000多萬(wan)元(yuan),居全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)平(ping)(ping)儲蓄(xu)之首,這(zhe)些存款幾乎都是養(yang)殖(zhi)收(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)。