一、產品概況
1、產品(pin)名稱:茂名儲良龍眼
2、國家(jia)公告號:國家(jia)質量(liang)監(jian)督檢驗檢疫(yi)總局2004年第107號
3、產品標準編號(hao):GB18406.2-2001
4、保(bao)護范圍:廣東省茂名市現轄行政(zheng)區域
5、質量特(te)色(se)(se)(se): 儲良龍(long)眼(yan)是茂(mao)名(ming)水果(guo)名(ming)牌(pai)特(te)產(chan),果(guo)穗中(zhong)等大果(guo)粒均勻,果(guo)形扁(bian)圓形皮呈黃褐(he)色(se)(se)(se)。果(guo)肉(rou)乳白色(se)(se)(se)不(bu)透明,爽脆(cui)味濃甜。果(guo)核較小扁(bian)圓形棕褐(he)色(se)(se)(se),被(bei)譽為“果(guo)中(zhong)神品”,有“南(nan)方人(ren)參”美稱(cheng)。
二、地標地理
茂名市地處(chu)廣(guang)東省西南部,南瀕南海,北倚廣(guang)東第(di)二高峰云開山(shan)脈(mo)。地貌以山(shan)地丘陵為主,兼有平原和沿(yan)海灘涂(tu)。屬熱(re)帶(dai)向(xiang)亞熱(re)帶(dai)過渡地帶(dai),具(ju)有氣候(hou)溫暖、光照(zhao)充足、雨量充沛、無霜期長的特色。
儲(chu)良(liang)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)是典型的(de)(de)(de)南亞熱帶(dai)果樹(shu),對氣(qi)候條件的(de)(de)(de)要求極為(wei)嚴格。儲(chu)良(liang)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)種(zhong)植以山地種(zhong)植為(wei)主,冬季(ji)溫(wen)度太低或霜凍(dong)會(hui)影響龍(long)(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)生存,對低溫(wen)極敏感,是限制(zhi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)地理分(fen)(fen)布范圍的(de)(de)(de)主要原因(yin)。儲(chu)良(liang)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)是亞熱帶(dai)果樹(shu)中較(jiao)耐旱的(de)(de)(de)樹(shu)種(zhong),茂(mao)名冬季(ji)雨水少(shao),便利于樹(shu)林養分(fen)(fen)積(ji)(ji)累用于翌年花(hua)芽(ya)分(fen)(fen)化。花(hua)期忌多(duo)雨陰濕(shi)和(he)濃(nong)霧(wu),影響授粉而減產(chan)。果實成熟期多(duo)雨,會(hui)降(jiang)低果實品質,增加落(luo)果。6-8月充足水分(fen)(fen)是根系生長盛期,龍(long)(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)較(jiao)耐陰,故有“當日荔枝,背日龍(long)(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)”的(de)(de)(de)俗稱。龍(long)(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)對土(tu)壤適應性較(jiao)強,在紅壤沖積(ji)(ji)土(tu),砂壤土(tu)中種(zhong)植較(jiao)為(wei)理想。茂(mao)名地區土(tu)壤結構(gou)良(liang)好,疏松透氣(qi)。因(yin)此,土(tu)壤有機質含量比較(jiao)豐(feng)富,N、P、K的(de)(de)(de)含量比較(jiao)高,理化性狀好,十分(fen)(fen)適宜儲(chu)良(liang)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)生長的(de)(de)(de)需求。
三、文化背景
茂(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)名(ming)市(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)植龍(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史(shi)(shi)悠久,最早可追溯到2000年(nian)(nian)前的(de)(de)(de)(de)漢代(dai),在唐(tang)代(dai),龍(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)更(geng)是(shi)被列為朝廷貢品(pin)(pin)(pin)。明代(dai)名(ming)醫李時珍(zhen)在《本草綱目》中(zhong)記(ji)載(zai):“龍(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)味甘,開胃健脾,補(bu)腦益(yi)智”。儲良龍(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)原產茂(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)名(ming),作為一個品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)100多(duo)年(nian)(nian)歷史(shi)(shi),是(shi)我市(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)傳統的(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)牌特產。儲良龍(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)母樹(shu)現存于(yu)茂(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)名(ming)市(shi)高州分(fen)界鎮儲良村,該品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)茂(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)名(ming)市(shi)水(shui)果(guo)(guo)(guo)管理部門(men)1982年(nian)(nian)進行(xing)水(shui)果(guo)(guo)(guo)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)檢查、選優(you)時從茂(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)名(ming)市(shi)高州分(fen)界鎮儲良村發(fa)現的(de)(de)(de)(de)一棵優(you)良單株,故(gu)定名(ming)為“儲良龍(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)”。“儲良龍(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)”原來只有(you)(you)一棵樹(shu),從1983年(nian)(nian)起,由(you)政府扶持對該棵樹(shu)進行(xing)保護和(he)育苗繁殖,經過20年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展形成了現在全市(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)植了上百萬畝(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“儲良龍(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)”規(gui)模。儲良龍(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)優(you)良,被譽為“果(guo)(guo)(guo)中(zhong)神品(pin)(pin)(pin)”,果(guo)(guo)(guo)品(pin)(pin)(pin)以其果(guo)(guo)(guo)穗中(zhong)等大,果(guo)(guo)(guo)粒大小均勻(yun),著果(guo)(guo)(guo)較密。果(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)大且扁(bian)圓形,果(guo)(guo)(guo)皮黃(huang)褐色。果(guo)(guo)(guo)肉(rou)乳白色不(bu)透(tou)明,肉(rou)質(zhi)爽(shuang)脆,味濃甜而享(xiang)譽中(zhong)外。是(shi)鮮食和(he)加(jia)工兼優(you)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong),用儲良龍(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)加(jia)工成的(de)(de)(de)(de)桂圓肉(rou)享(xiang)有(you)(you)“南方人參”的(de)(de)(de)(de)美譽。
四、文化積淀
龍眼又(you)稱(cheng)桂圓,因此常被人們拿來(lai)比喻“早生貴(gui)子”和“平安富貴(gui)”之(zhi)意。據(ju)說,在2000年(nian)前的漢(han)代,茂名高州沙田鎮的龍眼便作為貢品向朝庭的皇帝(di)進貢。《漢(han)書和帝(di)記(ji)》有(you)“舊南海(hai)(即今高州沙田)獻(xian)龍眼”的記(ji)述“十里一置(zhi),五(wu)里一堠。帝(di)敕太宮,勿復受獻(xian)。”明(ming)代醫(yi)家李時(shi)珍在他的《本(ben)草(cao)綱(gang)目》一書里描述:“資益以龍眼為良(liang)。”據(ju)《茂名縣志》記(ji)載:“高州沙田列漢(han)南海(hai)圖經。”
作為“果中神品”,龍眼(yan)一(yi)(yi)直以(yi)來(lai)都受到人(ren)們的喜愛。宋代詩人(ren)楊萬里曾(ceng)在(zai)他(ta)的《西園晚步二首》中寫道:“龍眼(yan)初如綠豆肥,荔(li)(li)(li)枝(zhi)已似(si)佛螺兒。南(nan)荒(huang)北客難(nan)將息,最是殘(can)春首夏(xia)時。”蘇東坡的“日啖荔(li)(li)(li)枝(zhi)三百顆,不辭(ci)長(chang)作嶺南(nan)人(ren)”早已被世人(ren)熟悉,他(ta)對龍眼(yan)也情有獨鐘,他(ta)說(shuo)過:龍眼(yan)與(yu)荔(li)(li)(li)枝(zhi),異(yi)出同父祖。他(ta)還寫了一(yi)(yi)首叫《荔(li)(li)(li)枝(zhi)嘆》的詩詞:“十里一(yi)(yi)置飛(fei)塵灰,五里一(yi)(yi)堠兵火(huo)催。顛坑仆(pu)谷相(xiang)枕藉,知(zhi)是荔(li)(li)(li)枝(zhi)龍眼(yan)來(lai)。飛(fei)車跨山鶻橫(heng)海,鳳枝(zhi)露葉如新采(cai)。宮中美人(ren)一(yi)(yi)破顏,驚塵濺(jian)血流千載。永(yong)元荔(li)(li)(li)枝(zhi)來(lai)交州,天寶歲貢取(qu)之涪。至今欲食林甫肉,無人(ren)舉觴(shang)酹佰游。”
五、品牌建設
茂(mao)(mao)名(ming)(ming)儲(chu)良(liang)龍(long)眼(yan)(yan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植發展快,面積大,近(jin)年來,茂(mao)(mao)名(ming)(ming)已發展成為全(quan)國(guo)(guo)最大的(de)優質龍(long)眼(yan)(yan)基地,令(ling)世(shi)人刮目(mu)相看。1982年和(he)1984年,湛江(jiang)地區(qu)和(he)茂(mao)(mao)名(ming)(ming)市進行優良(liang)龍(long)眼(yan)(yan)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)評選,儲(chu)良(liang)龍(long)眼(yan)(yan)獲(huo)得第(di)一名(ming)(ming)。1990年廣東省(sheng)龍(long)眼(yan)(yan)優良(liang)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)評比,儲(chu)良(liang)龍(long)眼(yan)(yan)以103.45分榮獲(huo)第(di)一名(ming)(ming),被中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)農(nong)業科學院果(guo)樹研究所收入全(quan)國(guo)(guo)優稀龍(long)眼(yan)(yan)基因庫貯存。在第(di)一、二屆中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)農(nong)業博覽(lan)會(hui)上(shang),儲(chu)良(liang)龍(long)眼(yan)(yan)在101個龍(long)眼(yan)(yan)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)中(zhong)脫穎而出獲(huo)得金牌(pai)獎,1997年又(you)獲(huo)第(di)三屆中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)農(nong)業博覽(lan)會(hui)名(ming)(ming)牌(pai)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)稱(cheng)號,在隨后(hou)的(de)1999年和(he)2001年均(jun)獲(huo)得中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)際農(nong)業博覽(lan)會(hui)名(ming)(ming)牌(pai)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)稱(cheng)號,成為中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)獲(huo)取最高(gao)殊榮的(de)龍(long)眼(yan)(yan)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。2001年8月,儲(chu)良(liang)龍(long)眼(yan)(yan)被中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)綠色(se)食品(pin)(pin)開發中(zhong)心認(ren)證為綠色(se)食品(pin)(pin)A級(ji)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)。
茂(mao)名(ming)市(shi)委、市(shi)政府十分重(zhong)視(shi)水果(guo)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)(zhan),堅(jian)持把“念活山(shan)海經”和(he)大(da)(da)力(li)發展(zhan)(zhan)以水果(guo)為龍(long)(long)頭(tou)(tou)“三高(gao)”農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)作(zuo)為振興農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)經濟的(de)(de)(de)支柱產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)來抓(zhua),做到“領導換屆(jie),路(lu)子不改”,堅(jian)持走實(shi)施品(pin)(pin)牌戰略(lve)以拓展(zhan)(zhan)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)市(shi)場的(de)(de)(de)可(ke)持續發展(zhan)(zhan)之路(lu)。因此,茂(mao)名(ming)加(jia)大(da)(da)對儲(chu)良(liang)(liang)龍(long)(long)眼的(de)(de)(de)宣傳力(li)度,取(qu)得了(le)(le)較(jiao)好的(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)效。一(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)抓(zhua)龍(long)(long)頭(tou)(tou)帶動(dong)。全市(shi)各(ge)級水果(guo)部門加(jia)強與農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)龍(long)(long)頭(tou)(tou)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)合作(zuo),抓(zhua)好龍(long)(long)頭(tou)(tou)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)生產(chan)(chan),以龍(long)(long)頭(tou)(tou)帶動(dong),與果(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)簽(qian)訂(ding)產(chan)(chan)銷合同,帶動(dong)了(le)(le)果(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)按(an)(an)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)生產(chan)(chan),提高(gao)了(le)(le)經濟效益。二(er)是(shi)(shi)充分發揮行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)學(xue)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)、協(xie)(xie)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用。全市(shi)現(xian)有茂(mao)名(ming)市(shi)水果(guo)學(xue)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)、高(gao)州市(shi)水果(guo)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)協(xie)(xie)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)、信宜種植(zhi)者(zhe)協(xie)(xie)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)、分界鎮水果(guo)學(xue)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)等,這些行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)學(xue)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)、協(xie)(xie)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)注(zhu)重(zhong)抓(zhua)水果(guo)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)生產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)研究(jiu)示(shi)(shi)范、推(tui)廣,制定(ding)規范的(de)(de)(de)協(xie)(xie)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)章程(cheng)和(he)運作(zuo)形式,吸引農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)入會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui),把千家(jia)萬戶果(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)的(de)(de)(de)分散經營(ying)納入行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)協(xie)(xie)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)(de)規范化(hua)(hua)管理(li),實(shi)現(xian)水果(guo)的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)前(qian)、產(chan)(chan)中、產(chan)(chan)后各(ge)個環節都按(an)(an)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)要求進行(xing)運作(zuo)和(he)監督(du)。實(shi)行(xing)統(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)植(zhi)規格、統(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)施肥、統(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)噴藥除蟲(chong)滅(mie)病(bing)、統(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)控梢促花、統(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)保花果(guo)、統(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)采收,大(da)(da)大(da)(da)提高(gao)儲(chu)良(liang)(liang)龍(long)(long)眼的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)安全水平。三是(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)力(li)推(tui)廣高(gao)效生物(wu)肥料和(he)生物(wu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥,推(tui)行(xing)病(bing)蟲(chong)病(bing)綜合防(fang)(fang)治和(he)生物(wu)防(fang)(fang)治,防(fang)(fang)止(zhi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥殘留,提高(gao)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)。四是(shi)(shi)建立示(shi)(shi)范基地。全市(shi)各(ge)級水果(guo)部門狠抓(zhua)儲(chu)良(liang)(liang)龍(long)(long)眼標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)生產(chan)(chan)示(shi)(shi)范基地,通過示(shi)(shi)范帶動(dong)廣大(da)(da)果(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)走標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)生產(chan)(chan)道(dao)路(lu)。五是(shi)(shi)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)認證,發揮品(pin)(pin)牌效應作(zuo)用。
六、營養價值
龍(long)眼具有很(hen)多保健(jian)功能,李時(shi)珍說:“龍(long)眼大補(bu)”,”資益以龍(long)眼為良”。鮮果有開胃健(jian)脾(pi),補(bu)益安神功效。其加(jia)工(gong)制(zhi)品是治療病(bing)后(hou)體虛,貧血(xue)痿黃(huang),神經衰(shuai)弱,產后(hou)血(xue)虧(kui)(kui)的理想補(bu)品。民間常(chang)以龍(long)眼干配黨參煎(jian)服(fu),用于治氣(qi)血(xue)虧(kui)(kui)損癥,產婦分娩后(hou)服(fu)此湯劑可補(bu)氣(qi)血(xue)、恢(hui)復(fu)元氣(qi),老弱病(bing)者在冬(dong)季常(chang)服(fu)此湯可補(bu)氣(qi)血(xue),抵(di)御(yu)風寒。
七、醫療功效
國內(nei)外科學家發現龍眼(yan)(yan)肉有(you)(you)明顯(xian)的(de)抗(kang)衰(shuai)老(lao)、抗(kang)癌(ai)的(de)作用。研(yan)(yan)究表明,人體(ti)有(you)(you)一種黃素蛋白酶(MAO-B)和機體(ti)的(de)衰(shuai)老(lao)有(you)(you)密(mi)切(qie)關連,即(ji)其活性升高(gao)可(ke)加(jia)速老(lao)化。日本大阪中醫(yi)研(yan)(yan)究所曾對800多種天然食物(wu)、藥(yao)物(wu)進(jin)行抗(kang)癌(ai)試(shi)驗,發現龍眼(yan)(yan)的(de)肉水浸(jin)液對子宮頸癌(ai)細胞(bao)有(you)(you)90%以上的(de)抑制率,比(bi)對照(zhao)組抗(kang)癌(ai)化療(liao)藥(yao)物(wu)博(bo)萊霉素要(yao)高(gao)25%,它幾乎與抗(kang)癌(ai)藥(yao)物(wu)長壽新堿(jian)相當。在(zai)中國第二屆抗(kang)衰(shuai)老(lao)科學研(yan)(yan)究會上,一些學者提(ti)出龍眼(yan)(yan)可(ke)能會成為潛在(zai)的(de)具有(you)(you)MAO-B抑制活性的(de)抗(kang)衰(shuai)老(lao)食品(pin)。
【性味(wei)】甘、平(ping)溫、無毒。
【歸經】入心、脾、胃。
【功(gong)效】補心脾,益(yi)氣血,健脾胃(wei),養(yang)肌肉(rou)。
【主治】思慮傷脾(pi),頭昏,失(shi)眠,心悸怔忡,虛(xu)贏,病后或產(chan)后體虛(xu),及由于脾(pi)虛(xu)所(suo)致之下血失(shi)血癥。
【禁忌】患有外感實邪,痰飲脹滿者勿食(shi)龍眼肉。
【說明】龍(long)眼(yan)肉(rou)有(you)補(bu)心脾、益氣血作用,是一種比較理想的中(zhong)藥,但(dan)鮮龍(long)眼(yan)肉(rou)多食(shi)卻易生(sheng)濕熱及引起口干,入藥治病多用干龍(long)眼(yan),又名桂(gui)圓肉(rou)。
【選方】
1.龍眼肉,每日(ri)嚼食30克,治心悸怔忡。
2.龍眼肉,蒸熟(shu)每日食(shi)之,食(shi)至500多克(ke)后,即(ji)可(ke)治愈心悸怔忡、失眠、心脾血虛癥者及大便下血數日不愈者。
3.龍眼肉10克,蓮子15克,糯米60克,煮(zhu)粥每(mei)日早晚食(shi),治貧血體弱,心悸失眠,精神(shen)不振。
4.龍眼肉10克(ke),花生米(mi)(連紅衣)12克(ke),水煎服,亦治貧血(xue)體弱。
5.龍(long)眼肉、炒酸棗仁各10克,芡(qian)實12克,煮湯睡前(qian)飲,治(zhi)失眠、心悸。
6.龍眼肉干七(qi)個(ge),連核一(yi)起放火(huo)中煅炭存性,研細(xi)末,分四次服,一(yi)日兩(liang)次,用(yong)鍛赭石15克(ke)煎水(shui)送服,治呃逆。
7.龍(long)眼(yan)龍(long)30克(ke)配白糖(tang)3克(ke),若素體多火者再加入西洋參(can)片,碗口加蓋,每天(tian)在(zai)飯鍋上蒸(zheng),蒸(zheng)至百次,便成玉(yu)靈膏(亦(yi)稱代參(can)膏)。
凡年老體衰贏弱病者,每次用開(kai)水送服(fu)一匙(chi),大補氣血(xue),力勝參芪,產婦臨產前服(fu)之尤佳。
8.龍眼肉15-30克,大紅棗15克,水(shui)適量(liang),同蒸熟食用。治婦(fu)女崩(beng)漏,貧血(xue),血(xue)小板減少。
9.龍眼干、大棗、生姜各適量,水煎服,治產后(hou)浮腫。
10.龍眼(yan)肉、雞(ji)蛋,蒸(zheng)熟(shu)食用(yong),治月經不調,產(chan)后(hou)虛弱。
11.龍眼干14枚,生姜3片(pian),水(shui)煎服,治(zhi)脾虛泄(xie)瀉。
12.歸元仙酒:龍眼肉(rou)、當歸適量(liang),用(yong)40度(du)米酒浸泡半月后(hou),每日少量(liang)飲之,有養血益顏(yan)之功效(xiao)。