一.產品介紹
長興(xing)紫(zi)筍(sun)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)歷史源遠流長,久負盛名(ming),是中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)文(wen)(wen)化發祥地之(zhi)一(yi)。早在1200多年前的唐(tang)代(dai),茶(cha)(cha)(cha)圣陸(lu)羽在長興(xing)顧渚山茶(cha)(cha)(cha)區發現此茶(cha)(cha)(cha)“芳(fang)香甘(gan)冽,冠于他境(jing),可薦(jian)于上(shang)”,并(bing)以“陽崖陰林,紫(zi)者(zhe)(zhe)上(shang),綠者(zhe)(zhe)次,筍(sun)者(zhe)(zhe)上(shang),芽者(zhe)(zhe)次”載入《茶(cha)(cha)(cha)經》,取名(ming)“紫(zi)筍(sun)”,推薦(jian)給(gei)皇(huang)帝。唐(tang)代(dai)貢(gong)(gong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)分(fen)布(bu)較廣(guang),包括五道十七(qi)州部,而顧渚紫(zi)筍(sun)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)最為(wei)著名(ming),乃貴為(wei)貢(gong)(gong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)之(zhi)上(shang)品(pin),有詩云“瓊漿玉露(lu)不可及,紫(zi)筍(sun)一(yi)到喜若狂”,被(bei)后(hou)人稱謂(wei)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)貢(gong)(gong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)之(zhi)最,中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)名(ming)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)之(zhi)源,而且(qie)朝廷(ting)命將貢(gong)(gong)額勒石立碑,定名(ming)為(wei)“顧渚貢(gong)(gong)焙”。 近年來(lai),長興(xing)紫(zi)筍(sun)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)連續被(bei)省農業廳評(ping)為(wei)浙(zhe)江(jiang)省一(yi)類名(ming)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)、省級名(ming)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)、中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)名(ming)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)、全國(guo)(guo)名(ming)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)、農業部首屆國(guo)(guo)際農博(bo)會獲(huo)(huo)名(ming)牌(pai)產品(pin)等稱號。并(bing)先后(hou)榮獲(huo)(huo)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)際茶(cha)(cha)(cha)業博(bo)覽(lan)會金獎(jiang)、上(shang)海國(guo)(guo)際茶(cha)(cha)(cha)文(wen)(wen)化節、浙(zhe)江(jiang)農業博(bo)覽(lan)會評(ping)為(wei)金獎(jiang)等榮譽稱號;“紫(zi)筍(sun)”牌(pai)商標已(yi)連續三(san)次被(bei)評(ping)為(wei)浙(zhe)江(jiang)省著名(ming)商標,“紫(zi)筍(sun)”牌(pai)紫(zi)筍(sun)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)已(yi)連續三(san)次被(bei)評(ping)為(wei)浙(zhe)江(jiang)省名(ming)牌(pai)產品(pin)。
二.自然(ran)生態環境和(he)人文歷(li)史因素
(1)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)地(di)(di)(di)貌情況: 長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)興(xing)(xing)地(di)(di)(di)貌類(lei)型多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)樣化(hua),屬(shu)南京凹陷與江(jiang)南古陸(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)邊緣地(di)(di)(di)帶(dai),屬(shu)天(tian)目山(shan)余(yu)脈,海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)高度在5-600米(mi)(mi)(mi)之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian),最高山(shan)峰為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)互通(tong)山(shan),海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)577.2米(mi)(mi)(mi)。土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)類(lei)型以(yi)砂(sha)(sha)巖風化(hua)物(wu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黃(huang)泥(ni)砂(sha)(sha)土(tu)(tu)和(he)由棕紅壤(rang)亞類(lei)母質(zhi)發(fa)(fa)育而(er)來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)亞棕黃(huang)筋泥(ni)土(tu)(tu),質(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)壤(rang)土(tu)(tu)--砂(sha)(sha)壤(rang)土(tu)(tu);耕層厚度30-40cm;耕層含(han)礫率為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)10-15%之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian);PH值(zhi)在4.5-6.5之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian),偏酸(suan)性。有(you)機質(zhi)含(han)量(liang)達(da)(da)40mg/kg,磷素在5-10mg/kg,鉀素在50-60mg/kg。長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)興(xing)(xing)紫(zi)(zi)筍(sun)(sun)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)樹(shu)種(zhong)植(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)興(xing)(xing)縣(xian)西南、西北(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)低山(shan)高丘(qiu)地(di)(di)(di)區,適(shi)宜茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)樹(shu)生長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang),最適(shi)生長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)高度為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)100-500米(mi)(mi)(mi)。 (2)水文(wen)(wen)(wen)情況: 長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)興(xing)(xing)位于(yu)(yu)(yu)浙(zhe)江(jiang)省(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最北(bei)端,地(di)(di)(di)處蘇、浙(zhe)、皖(wan)三省(sheng)結合部,東臨太(tai)湖(hu),屬(shu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)太(tai)湖(hu)流域(yu),主要(yao)河港有(you)龍溪(xi)港、泗安(an)港、長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)興(xing)(xing)港、合溪(xi)新港,它(ta)們與和(he)平(ping)水庫、泗安(an)水庫、二界(jie)(jie)嶺水庫、合溪(xi)水庫等相(xiang)連,與太(tai)湖(hu)相(xiang)通(tong),構成全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)水系網。 (3)氣(qi)候情況: 長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)興(xing)(xing)屬(shu)亞熱帶(dai)海(hai)(hai)洋(yang)性季(ji)風氣(qi)候。①光照(zhao)充足、溫(wen)(wen)(wen)光協(xie)調:年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)日照(zhao)時數(shu)(shu)1810.3小時,歷(li)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)日照(zhao)百分(fen)(fen)(fen)率為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)41%,光照(zhao)分(fen)(fen)(fen)配(pei)較均(jun)勻;②氣(qi)候溫(wen)(wen)(wen)和(he)、四(si)季(ji)分(fen)(fen)(fen)明(ming):歷(li)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)15.6℃,氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)際(ji)間(jian)變幅在± 0.5-0.7℃ 之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian),年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)際(ji)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)極差(cha)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)1.2℃,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)無霜(shuang)期237天(tian),但晝夜溫(wen)(wen)(wen)差(cha)明(ming)顯。歷(li)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)月際(ji)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)變化(hua)幅度要(yao)比年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)波(bo)動(dong)大(da)(da)得(de)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo),其中(zhong)以(yi)1月份氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)際(ji)變差(cha)最大(da)(da);③長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)興(xing)(xing)毗鄰太(tai)湖(hu),水氣(qi)充沛(pei),相(xiang)對濕(shi)度大(da)(da),達(da)(da)78.7%,非常(chang)適(shi)宜優(you)質(zhi)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)。④降水充沛(pei)、雨(yu)(yu)熱同(tong)季(ji):年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)降水量(liang)1309mm,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)雨(yu)(yu)日為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)144天(tian),占(zhan)全(quan)(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)天(tian)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)39.6%。其中(zhong)3-9月是(shi)全(quan)(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降水集中(zhong)期,占(zhan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)雨(yu)(yu)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)75%以(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)。降水季(ji)節(jie)分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)特(te)點:夏季(ji)最多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo),冬季(ji)最少,春季(ji)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)于(yu)(yu)(yu)秋(qiu)季(ji)。由于(yu)(yu)(yu)境內地(di)(di)(di)形的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不同(tong),降水地(di)(di)(di)理分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)也存在著明(ming)顯差(cha)異。長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)興(xing)(xing)環境優(you)美,大(da)(da)氣(qi)質(zhi)量(liang)達(da)(da)到(dao)國(guo)家一(yi)級標準(zhun)。 (4)人文(wen)(wen)(wen)歷(li)史(shi)(shi)情況: 長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)興(xing)(xing)紫(zi)(zi)筍(sun)(sun)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)歷(li)史(shi)(shi)源遠流長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang),久負(fu)盛(sheng)名,是(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)發(fa)(fa)祥地(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)。早在1200多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)前的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)唐(tang)代(dai),茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)圣陸(lu)(lu)羽(yu)在長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)興(xing)(xing)顧(gu)渚山(shan)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)區多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)次(ci)考察研究,發(fa)(fa)現此(ci)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)“芳(fang)香(xiang)甘(gan)冽,冠于(yu)(yu)(yu)他(ta)境,可(ke)薦(jian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)”,并(bing)以(yi)“陽崖陰(yin)林,紫(zi)(zi)者上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang),綠者次(ci),筍(sun)(sun)者上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang),芽者次(ci)”載入(ru)《茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)經》,取名“紫(zi)(zi)筍(sun)(sun)”,推薦(jian)給(gei)皇(huang)帝(di)。 紫(zi)(zi)筍(sun)(sun)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)被列為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)貢(gong)(gong)品始于(yu)(yu)(yu)唐(tang)朝廣(guang)德年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian)(公元763--764年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),至今已有(you)1247年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。據《新唐(tang)書》等史(shi)(shi)料記(ji)載,唐(tang)代(dai)貢(gong)(gong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)較廣(guang),包(bao)括(kuo)五道十七(qi)州部,而(er)顧(gu)渚紫(zi)(zi)筍(sun)(sun)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)最為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)著名,乃貴為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)貢(gong)(gong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)之(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)品。由于(yu)(yu)(yu)紫(zi)(zi)筍(sun)(sun)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)品質(zhi)超群(qun),深受(shou)帝(di)王喜愛(ai),有(you)詩云“瓊漿玉(yu)露不可(ke)及,紫(zi)(zi)筍(sun)(sun)一(yi)到(dao)喜若狂(kuang)”。因此(ci),貢(gong)(gong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)數(shu)(shu)額連年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)劇增(zeng),到(dao)唐(tang)武宗會(hui)昌年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian)(公元841--846)貢(gong)(gong)額達(da)(da)18400斤之(zhi)(zhi)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)。被后人稱(cheng)謂中(zhong)國(guo)貢(gong)(gong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)之(zhi)(zhi)最,中(zhong)國(guo)名茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)之(zhi)(zhi)源。而(er)且朝廷(ting)命將貢(gong)(gong)額勒石(shi)(shi)立碑(bei),定(ding)名為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“顧(gu)渚貢(gong)(gong)焙(bei)”。 長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)興(xing)(xing)顧(gu)渚山(shan)區是(shi)唐(tang)代(dai)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)圣陸(lu)(lu)羽(yu)從(cong)事茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)事活動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)場所之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi),在這(zhe)里他(ta)撰寫了《顧(gu)渚山(shan)記(ji)》和(he)世界(jie)(jie)第(di)一(yi)部茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)學(xue)專著《茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)經》。歷(li)代(dai)文(wen)(wen)(wen)人墨客,如顏(yan)真卿、白居易、皎然、杜牧(mu)、張文(wen)(wen)(wen)規(gui)、陸(lu)(lu)龜(gui)蒙、皮日休、劉(liu)禹錫、陸(lu)(lu)游、蘇軾等,常(chang)來(lai)品茗吟詩,抒(shu)發(fa)(fa)情懷,留(liu)下不少著述、詩篇和(he)石(shi)(shi)刻,至今尚留(liu)存在顧(gu)渚一(yi)帶(dai)唐(tang)朝以(yi)來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)摩崖石(shi)(shi)刻、石(shi)(shi)碑(bei)和(he)古跡還有(you)三組九處之(zhi)(zhi)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo),這(zhe)在全(quan)(quan)國(guo)均(jun)屬(shu)罕見,是(shi)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)珍貴遺(yi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)。 長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)興(xing)(xing)縣(xian)委、縣(xian)府(fu)十分(fen)(fen)(fen)重視紫(zi)(zi)筍(sun)(sun)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展,1979年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),經多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)方(fang)努力、多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)研制(zhi)(zhi),試制(zhi)(zhi)并(bing)恢復了長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)興(xing)(xing)紫(zi)(zi)筍(sun)(sun)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)加工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳承工(gong)藝,2003年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)出臺(tai)了“510”工(gong)程(cheng)發(fa)(fa)展規(gui)劃(hua)(hua),2007年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)出臺(tai)了“七(qi)大(da)(da)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)”,2009年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)加為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“九大(da)(da)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)作物(wu)發(fa)(fa)展規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)”。對發(fa)(fa)展紫(zi)(zi)筍(sun)(sun)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)等特(te)產(chan)(chan)(chan)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)出臺(tai)了相(xiang)應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)扶持政(zheng)策,從(cong)2004年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)至今,全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)已在茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)共(gong)投入(ru)補助資金(jin)3200余(yu)萬(wan)元。2000年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)編制(zhi)(zhi)了DB33/T 294-2000?《長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)興(xing)(xing)紫(zi)(zi)筍(sun)(sun)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)》省(sheng)級地(di)(di)(di)方(fang)標準(zhun),2004年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)《紫(zi)(zi)筍(sun)(sun)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)》標準(zhun)被批準(zhun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)部農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)標準(zhun),標準(zhun)號為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)NY/T 784-2004,是(shi)浙(zhe)江(jiang)省(sheng)首個地(di)(di)(di)方(fang)名茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)部頒行業(ye)(ye)(ye)標準(zhun)。經多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)建設,長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)興(xing)(xing)萬(wan)畝(mu)紫(zi)(zi)筍(sun)(sun)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)種(zhong)植(zhi)基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)被省(sheng)列為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“浙(zhe)江(jiang)省(sheng)優(you)質(zhi)高效農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)示范基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)”;2005年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)我(wo)(wo)縣(xian)被評為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)全(quan)(quan)國(guo)“茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)政(zheng)府(fu)貢(gong)(gong)獻獎(jiang)”。種(zhong)植(zhi)規(gui)模從(cong)2003年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)3.77萬(wan)畝(mu)發(fa)(fa)展至2009年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)8.43萬(wan)畝(mu),生產(chan)(chan)(chan)總值(zhi)由2003年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)0.72億(yi)元發(fa)(fa)展到(dao)2009年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)4.2億(yi)元。成為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)我(wo)(wo)縣(xian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)結構調整、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)增(zeng)收、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村致富的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新興(xing)(xing)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye),市場發(fa)(fa)展前景廣(guang)闊。
三.地域范圍
長興紫筍茶(cha)農(nong)產品地理標志保(bao)護(hu)(hu)范圍包括(kuo)長興縣水口鄉(xiang)(xiang)、夾(jia)浦(pu)(pu)(pu)鎮(zhen)、小浦(pu)(pu)(pu)鎮(zhen)、煤山鎮(zhen)、白峴鄉(xiang)(xiang)、龍山街道、雉城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)、林(lin)城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)、泗安鎮(zhen)、二(er)界嶺鄉(xiang)(xiang)、吳山鄉(xiang)(xiang)、和(he)平(ping)(ping)鎮(zhen)、李(li)家巷(xiang)鎮(zhen)、洪橋鎮(zhen)及國營場(chang)站等地的天目山余脈山區,轄(xia)15個鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)92個村(場(chang))。東(dong)至(zhi)李(li)家巷(xiang)鎮(zhen)的青草塢村、南至(zhi)和(he)平(ping)(ping)鎮(zhen)的周塢山村、西至(zhi)泗安鎮(zhen)的五豐村、北到(dao)夾(jia)浦(pu)(pu)(pu)鎮(zhen)的父(fu)子嶺村,地理坐標為(wei)北緯30°43′-31°11′,東(dong)經119°33′-120°06′。全縣國土面積(ji)1430平(ping)(ping)方公里,保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區茶(cha)園(yuan)面積(ji)6600公頃,產量1000噸。
四.產品品質(zhi)特性特征
(1)外在感官(guan)特征(zheng): 長興紫(zi)(zi)筍茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)間植(zhi)于竹林之中,葉芽粗(cu)壯似(si)筍,精心加(jia)工(gong)后,具備:條(tiao)直索緊鋒銳,透(tou)綠(lv)帶(dai)翠(cui)顯毫(hao),梗壯芽肥葉厚(hou),規格整齊勻(yun)稱的外在感官(guan)特征(zheng)。 經專家(jia)組評定,一致認為:長興紫(zi)(zi)筍茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)干茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)形(xing)似(si)蘭(lan)花,色(se)澤嫩(nen)綠(lv);香(xiang)氣清(qing)高(gao)持久,滋味(wei)鮮爽甘醇(chun)(chun),湯色(se)清(qing)澈明亮(liang)(liang),葉底(di)嫩(nen)勻(yun)成朵(duo);品(pin)質優異(yi),風(feng)格獨特。 (2)內在品(pin)質指標: 長興紫(zi)(zi)筍茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)性溫和、茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)味(wei)甘醇(chun)(chun);茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)香(xiang)雋久、茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)質本(ben)真;湯色(se)清(qing)澈、明凈光亮(liang)(liang);芽葉成朵(duo)、狀若蘭(lan)花;內含豐富(fu)、營養優佳(jia)的品(pin)質特性。干茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)水分(fen)≤6.5%,水浸出物(wu)≥36.0%,粗(cu)纖(xian)維含量≤14.0%,總灰分(fen)≤6.5%。執行NY/T 784-2004《紫(zi)(zi)筍茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)》農業部農業行業標準(zhun)(zhun)。 長興紫(zi)(zi)筍茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)的獨特內含成分(fen):茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)多(duo)酚16.5%,兒茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)素總量14.05%,氨(an)基酸4.3%,咖啡堿2.8%,黃(huang)酮0.6%,總糖4.4%,粗(cu)纖(xian)維8%。 (3)安全要求: 長興紫(zi)(zi)筍茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)衛生指標、農藥殘留(liu)量符合國家(jia)有關標準(zhun)(zhun),執行NY/T288-2002《綠(lv)色(se)食(shi)品(pin) 茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉》農業部農業行業標準(zhun)(zhun)。
五(wu).特定生產(chan)方式(shi)
(1)產地選擇與特殊內容規定。 長興紫筍茶農產品地理標志保護范圍包括水口鄉、夾浦鎮、小浦鎮、煤山鎮、白峴鄉、龍山街道、雉城鎮、林城鎮、泗安鎮、二界嶺鄉、吳山鄉、和平鎮、李家巷鎮、洪橋鎮及國營場站等15個鄉鎮,保護區地處天目山余脈,具備太湖獨特的江南風韻,位于青山綠水之間,常年溪水潺潺,空氣清新,山清水秀、生態優越。同時受太湖水體調節,氣候濕潤,日照充足,無霜期長,四季宜人,非常適宜茶葉的生長。得天獨厚的生態氣候環境條件,造就了長興紫筍茶的優異品質。產地環境質量符合《綠色食品 產地環境技術》(NY/T391-2000)的要求。(2)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)擇與(yu)特定(ding)(ding)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)。 選(xuan)擇適合(he)(he)本地種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)環(huan)境條件、適宜長(chang)(chang)興(xing)紫(zi)(zi)(zi)筍(sun)(sun)(sun)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝的(de)(de)(de)(de)優質品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong),目前主要(yao)(yao)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)鳩坑群體種(zhong)(zhong)、鳩坑、白葉(xie)一號、龍(long)井(jing)43、浙(zhe)農(nong)系列等中小葉(xie)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)樹良種(zhong)(zhong),符合(he)(he)DB33/ 294.1-2000《長(chang)(chang)興(xing)紫(zi)(zi)(zi)筍(sun)(sun)(sun)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha) 第(di)(di)1部(bu)分(fen):苗木》的(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)。(3)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)過程(cheng)管理(li)(li),包括農(nong)業投入(ru)品(pin)(pin)方(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)特殊(shu)使(shi)用規(gui)定(ding)(ding)。 紫(zi)(zi)(zi)筍(sun)(sun)(sun)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)過程(cheng)必須(xu)(xu)執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)《紫(zi)(zi)(zi)筍(sun)(sun)(sun)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)》部(bu)頒(ban)行(xing)(xing)業標(biao)準和(he)《長(chang)(chang)興(xing)縣紫(zi)(zi)(zi)筍(sun)(sun)(sun)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)技術規(gui)程(cheng)》。同時為(wei)了(le)確(que)保紫(zi)(zi)(zi)筍(sun)(sun)(sun)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)特殊(shu)品(pin)(pin)質、特色(se),更需要(yao)(yao)注意以(yi)下幾個(ge)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)環(huan)節:①茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園增施(shi)有(you)機肥(fei):有(you)機肥(fei)以(yi)腐熟(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)餅肥(fei)、欄肥(fei)為(wei)主,結合(he)(he)春(chun)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)后(hou)修剪、中耕(geng)松(song)土時深施(shi)肥(fei)料。②病蟲(chong)(chong)草害(hai)防(fang)治:以(yi)“預防(fang)為(wei)主,綜合(he)(he)防(fang)治”為(wei)原則,采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用農(nong)業、物理(li)(li)、生(sheng)物防(fang)治方(fang)法(fa),降低(di)害(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)草危害(hai)指數;也可(ke)根據害(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)種(zhong)(zhong)類,選(xuan)用綠色(se)食品(pin)(pin)許可(ke)使(shi)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)高效低(di)毒(du)無殘(can)留農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)。③初(chu)冬時節,當(dang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)停(ting)止生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)后(hou),對茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園用石硫合(he)(he)劑進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)封園處理(li)(li),降低(di)病蟲(chong)(chong)越冬殘(can)留密度,提高茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)樹抗(kang)逆能力。農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)使(shi)用必須(xu)(xu)符合(he)(he)NY/T393-2000《綠色(se)食品(pin)(pin)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)使(shi)用準則》的(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)。(4)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)收獲及(ji)產(chan)(chan)(chan)后(hou)處理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)。 當(dang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)長(chang)(chang)到紫(zi)(zi)(zi)筍(sun)(sun)(sun)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)長(chang)(chang)至一芽一葉(xie)初(chu)展時,及(ji)時進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)開采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)。茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)摘要(yao)(yao)選(xuan)擇在天氣晴朗的(de)(de)(de)(de)早上,鮮(xian)葉(xie)必需要(yao)(yao)用竹制(zhi)器具(ju)盛(sheng)裝,就地加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong),加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)企業必須(xu)(xu)具(ju)備QS認證(zheng),加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)人員要(yao)(yao)經過紫(zi)(zi)(zi)筍(sun)(sun)(sun)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)技術培訓(xun),持證(zheng)上崗(gang),原料進(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)車間后(hou)要(yao)(yao)實行(xing)(xing)分(fen)級、攤青,按照(zhao)標(biao)準要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)攤青、殺青、理(li)(li)條、烘干等紫(zi)(zi)(zi)筍(sun)(sun)(sun)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝流程(cheng)。紫(zi)(zi)(zi)筍(sun)(sun)(sun)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)摘加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)必須(xu)(xu)符合(he)(he)DB33/T 294.3-2000?《長(chang)(chang)興(xing)紫(zi)(zi)(zi)筍(sun)(sun)(sun)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha) 第(di)(di)3部(bu)分(fen):鮮(xian)葉(xie)與(yu)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)》的(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)。 按分(fen)級標(biao)準進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)分(fen)別加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)而成的(de)(de)(de)(de)紫(zi)(zi)(zi)筍(sun)(sun)(sun)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)毛茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha),再次按DB33/T 294.4-2000?《長(chang)(chang)興(xing)紫(zi)(zi)(zi)筍(sun)(sun)(sun)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha) 第(di)(di)4部(bu)分(fen):商品(pin)(pin)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)》的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)分(fen)級、包裝、入(ru)庫、銷售(shou),進(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)流通市場。(5)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)記錄要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)。 長(chang)(chang)興(xing)紫(zi)(zi)(zi)筍(sun)(sun)(sun)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)過程(cheng),都準確(que)、清(qing)晰、工(gong)(gong)整、完全(quan)地建立生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)記錄檔案,全(quan)面(mian)記載生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)情(qing)況,并妥善保存(cun),以(yi)備查閱。
六.包裝標識相關規(gui)定(ding)
長興紫筍(sun)茶的(de)包(bao)裝(zhuang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)識必(bi)須執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)DB33/T 294.4-2000?《長興紫筍(sun)茶 第4部分(fen):商品(pin)(pin)茶》標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)。(1)分(fen)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji):按標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)要求(qiu)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)分(fen)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),共分(fen)為(wei)特級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、一級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、二級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、三(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)等4個質量等級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。(2)包(bao)裝(zhuang):按要求(qiu)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)分(fen)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)包(bao)裝(zhuang)、標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)記。(3)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)識:標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)使用執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)農(nong)(nong)業部農(nong)(nong)產品(pin)(pin)質量安全中(zhong)(zhong)心(農(nong)(nong)質安發(fa)[2008]13號)的(de)規定(ding),標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)使用人應在其產品(pin)(pin)或(huo)其包(bao)裝(zhuang)上統一農(nong)(nong)產品(pin)(pin)地(di)理標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(長興紫筍(sun)茶名稱、公共標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)識圖案和標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)注(zhu)形式(shi))。(4)貯(zhu)藏:加(jia)工后的(de)商品(pin)(pin)紫筍(sun)茶必(bi)須在清潔、無異味、避光的(de)專用庫房中(zhong)(zhong)貯(zhu)藏,配備降溫冷藏設(she)施,長期保持(chi)庫房溫度在5℃以下,相對(dui)濕度50%以下。必(bi)須符(fu)合(he)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)的(de)要求(qiu)。(5)運輸:執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)NY/T1056-2006《綠色(se)食品(pin)(pin)貯(zhu)藏運輸準(zhun)則》農(nong)(nong)業部農(nong)(nong)業行(xing)(xing)業標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)和符(fu)合(he)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)的(de)運輸要求(qiu)。