芒果视频

一.產品介紹

猴(hou)(hou)頭菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)是一(yi)種珍貴的(de)食用菌(jun)，明、清時(shi)皆(jie)以“山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)珍”被(bei)(bei)列為(wei)貢(gong)品(pin)(pin)。1979年(nian)，常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)縣(xian)利(li)用金剛刺(ci)釀酒殘渣培育出猴(hou)(hou)頭菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)，而(er)后(hou)經紫外線誘(you)變選(xuan)育出“常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)猴(hou)(hou)頭99號”菌(jun)株(zhu)，至此常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)猴(hou)(hou)頭菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)正(zheng)式面世(shi)。1984年(nian)，常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)猴(hou)(hou)頭菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)在北京人民大(da)會堂舉(ju)行品(pin)(pin)嘗會，全國(guo)人大(da)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)委會副委員長嚴濟慈，全國(guo)政(zheng)協副主席費孝通等大(da)批領導及知名人士參加，會上嚴濟慈題詞：“常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)猴(hou)(hou)頭、浙江(jiang)(jiang)一(yi)寶”。1985年(nian)，清宣統帝(di)溥儀之弟溥杰為(wei)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)猴(hou)(hou)頭菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)題字(zi)：“山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)珍猴(hou)(hou)頭、海味燕(yan)窩”。 2006年(nian)，常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)猴(hou)(hou)頭菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)被(bei)(bei)浙江(jiang)(jiang)省農業廳評定為(wei)“浙江(jiang)(jiang)名菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)”。2014年(nian)，常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)縣(xian)政(zheng)府將常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)猴(hou)(hou)頭菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)提升到(dao)“常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)三寶”高度，進一(yi)步打造金名片。1987年(nian)，常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)縣(xian)微生物(wu)總(zong)廠生產的(de)“常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)江(jiang)(jiang)牌(pai)”猴(hou)(hou)頭罐頭、猴(hou)(hou)頭干品(pin)(pin)榮獲(huo)“商業部優質產品(pin)(pin)”；2006年(nian)，常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)猴(hou)(hou)頭被(bei)(bei)評為(wei)“浙江(jiang)(jiang)名菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)”；2015年(nian)，常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)猴(hou)(hou)頭菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)獲(huo)得國(guo)家農產品(pin)(pin)地理標志登記，“森力牌(pai)”猴(hou)(hou)頭菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)榮獲(huo)第十三屆中(zhong)國(guo)國(guo)際農產品(pin)(pin)交(jiao)易(yi)會金獎。

二.自然生(sheng)態環境和人文歷史因(yin)素

1、地(di)形地(di)貌：常(chang)(chang)山(shan)縣(xian)位于(yu)浙(zhe)江西部(bu)，錢塘(tang)江上游，自古有(you)“四省通衢，兩浙(zhe)首站”之(zhi)稱。常(chang)(chang)山(shan)地(di)貌屬低山(shan)丘陵型，地(di)勢南北高，中間低，由西北向東南傾斜，境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)域面(mian)積1099.07平方公里。境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)內多山(shan)，中部(bu)為山(shan)間盆地(di)，最高海(hai)拔(ba)1395米，最低海(hai)拔(ba)72米，山(shan)地(di)面(mian)積占全縣(xian)總面(mian)積的74.57%，素有(you)“八山(shan)半水(shui)分(fen)半田”之(zhi)說。 2、生(sheng)態環境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)：常(chang)(chang)山(shan)縣(xian)位于(yu)中亞熱(re)(re)帶(dai)(dai)北緣地(di)帶(dai)(dai)，生(sheng)態環境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)優越，是國家級生(sheng)態示范區和浙(zhe)江省重要的生(sheng)態屏障，全縣(xian)森林面(mian)積120.64萬畝，森林覆(fu)蓋率達(da)73.2%，出境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)水(shui)質達(da)到三類水(shui)標準，常(chang)(chang)年(nian)(nian)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)質量(liang)保(bao)持(chi)在(zai)二(er)級以上，享有(you)“綠色常(chang)(chang)山(shan)、天(tian)然氧吧(ba)”的美譽。 3、氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)特征：常(chang)(chang)山(shan)縣(xian)屬亞熱(re)(re)帶(dai)(dai)季風氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)，四季分(fen)明，氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)適中，熱(re)(re)資源較豐富；雨(yu)量(liang)充沛，雨(yu)熱(re)(re)同季，空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)濕(shi)潤。年(nian)(nian)平均氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)17.4℃，極端最低氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)-7.8℃，極端最高氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)41.8℃；年(nian)(nian)降水(shui)量(liang)在(zai)1500～1900毫米左右，年(nian)(nian)平均濕(shi)度在(zai)73%～78%之(zhi)間，年(nian)(nian)平均無霜(shuang)期238天(tian)。

三.地域范圍

常山(shan)猴(hou)頭菇地(di)(di)理(li)標志(zhi)地(di)(di)域保護范圍(wei)為：地(di)(di)理(li)坐(zuo)標為東經118°15′～118°45′，北緯28°46′～29°13′之間。包括球川鎮(zhen)、白石鎮(zhen)、青石鎮(zhen)、招賢鎮(zhen)、芳村鎮(zhen)、輝埠鎮(zhen)、何家鄉(xiang)(xiang)、同(tong)弓鄉(xiang)(xiang)、新昌鄉(xiang)(xiang)、大橋頭鄉(xiang)(xiang)、東案鄉(xiang)(xiang)、金(jin)川街(jie)道(dao)(dao)、紫港街(jie)道(dao)(dao)、天(tian)馬(ma)街(jie)道(dao)(dao)等14個(ge)鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)（街(jie)道(dao)(dao)）180個(ge)行政村。現有生產(chan)規(gui)模(mo)100公頃(qing)，栽(zai)培量(liang)750萬袋，年產(chan)鮮菇4500噸。保護規(gui)模(mo)面積(ji)20000公頃(qing)。

四.產品品質特(te)性特(te)征

1、形態特征 常(chang)(chang)山(shan)猴(hou)頭(tou)菇(gu)的鮮菇(gu)色(se)(se)澤潔白(bai)或(huo)淡黃(huang)色(se)(se)，外形頭(tou)狀(zhuang)、球形至扁半球形，無柄，直徑3～15cm，肉質(zhi)細(xi)嫩(nen)，表面密布(bu)針(zhen)形菌刺，菌刺長(chang)0.2～1.5cm。鮮品(pin)有猴(hou)頭(tou)菇(gu)特有清(qing)香，口感嫩(nen)滑，成熟(shu)后味(wei)微(wei)苦；干品(pin)呈淡黃(huang)色(se)(se)至黃(huang)褐色(se)(se)，香味(wei)濃(nong)郁(yu)，味(wei)微(wei)苦。 2、品(pin)質(zhi)特色(se)(se) 常(chang)(chang)山(shan)猴(hou)頭(tou)菇(gu)營養豐富，富含(han)蛋白(bai)質(zhi)、氨基酸、維生(sheng)素以及(ji)(ji)鉀、鈣、鐵、鋅(xin)等微(wei)量(liang)元素，并含(han)有猴(hou)頭(tou)菇(gu)多(duo)糖等活性(xing)成份(fen)。每100g干品(pin)含(han)蛋白(bai)質(zhi)≥12.0克(ke)，脂肪≥3.0克(ke)，粗(cu)多(duo)糖≥3.0克(ke)。 3、質(zhi)量(liang)安全(quan)規定 常(chang)(chang)山(shan)猴(hou)頭(tou)菇(gu)生(sheng)產(chan)通過(guo)嚴格控制生(sheng)產(chan)過(guo)程(cheng)，嚴禁在生(sheng)產(chan)、加(jia)工(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)中添加(jia)或(huo)使用有害(hai)有毒(du)投(tou)入(ru)品(pin)，產(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)安全(quan)采取嚴格對(dui)猴(hou)頭(tou)菇(gu)產(chan)品(pin)蛋白(bai)質(zhi)、粗(cu)多(duo)糖等理化指(zhi)標(biao)以及(ji)(ji)衛生(sheng)指(zhi)標(biao)檢測、監控，衛生(sheng)指(zhi)標(biao)按(an)照GB 7096《食用菌衛生(sheng)標(biao)準》執(zhi)行(xing)。

五.特定生產方式

（一(yi)(yi)）產(chan)地(di)(di)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求: 常(chang)山(shan)猴頭菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)生(sheng)產(chan)場地(di)(di)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求生(sheng)態環境(jing)(jing)良好、三(san)級(ji)以(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)飲用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)，周圍300米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)無(wu)各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)污水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)及(ji)其它污染源(yuan)。生(sheng)產(chan)區域環境(jing)(jing)應(ying)符合(he)NY 5010《無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin) 蔬菜產(chan)地(di)(di)環境(jing)(jing)條件》的(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求。 （二(er)）栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)：宜(yi)選用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong) “常(chang)山(shan)猴頭99號”等(deng)優良品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)。 （三(san)）生(sheng)產(chan)技術： 1、栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)季節。9月下(xia)旬至(zhi)(zhi)10月中旬制(zhi)袋(dai)(dai)，當年10月下(xia)旬至(zhi)(zhi)翌年4月出(chu)(chu)(chu)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)。 2、栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)基質(zhi)。栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)基質(zhi)應(ying)符合(he)NY 5099《無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin) 食(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)基質(zhi)安全技術要(yao)(yao)(yao)求》規(gui)定(ding)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求。基質(zhi)配(pei)方(fang)(fang)：﹙1﹚棉(mian)籽殼(ke)70%、雜木屑15%、麩(fu)皮(pi)(pi)14%、石膏(gao)或(huo)(huo)輕質(zhi)碳酸鈣1%。﹙2﹚甘蔗渣或(huo)(huo)玉米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)芯65%、雜木屑15%、麩(fu)皮(pi)(pi)14%、玉米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)粉5%、石膏(gao)或(huo)(huo)輕質(zhi)碳酸鈣1%。 3、制(zhi)袋(dai)(dai) （1）拌料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)。根(gen)(gen)據配(pei)方(fang)(fang)將培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)混合(he)，邊(bian)攪拌邊(bian)加適量(liang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，使(shi)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)含水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)為(wei)61%～63%（用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)手(shou)緊握料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，指(zhi)縫間(jian)有(you)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)珠但不下(xia)滴），pH值為(wei)6.0～7.0。 （2）裝(zhuang)(zhuang)袋(dai)(dai)。選用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)規(gui)格(ge)為(wei)12.5厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)×55厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)×0.0045厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)聚乙烯塑(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)袋(dai)(dai)。采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)袋(dai)(dai)機將栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)基質(zhi)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)入塑(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)袋(dai)(dai)，松(song)緊以(yi)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)緊貼(tie)袋(dai)(dai)壁(bi)為(wei)度(du)(du)。裝(zhuang)(zhuang)袋(dai)(dai)后(hou)(hou)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)濕(shi)重1400～1500克(ke)（折干料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)650～750克(ke)），料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)長42～44厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)；袋(dai)(dai)外(wai)壁(bi)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)應(ying)擦凈(jing)，采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)塑(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)繩或(huo)(huo)鋁卡(ka)扎(zha)口。裝(zhuang)(zhuang)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)應(ying)在4小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)內(nei)(nei)完成。 4、滅菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)和接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong) （1）滅菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)。裝(zhuang)(zhuang)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)后(hou)(hou)應(ying)立(li)即(ji)滅菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)。每(mei)灶(zao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)6000～7000袋(dai)(dai)，6小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)內(nei)(nei)升溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)至(zhi)(zhi)100℃，保(bao)(bao)持(chi)16～18小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。停火(huo)后(hou)(hou)，當灶(zao)內(nei)(nei)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)自(zi)然降至(zhi)(zhi)80℃出(chu)(chu)(chu)灶(zao)，把(ba)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)搬到(dao)(dao)已清(qing)(qing)洗(xi)干凈(jing)并經(jing)(jing)消毒的(de)冷卻室(shi)內(nei)(nei)，“#”形(xing)堆疊冷卻。 （2）接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)。料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)冷卻到(dao)(dao)28℃以(yi)下(xia)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，在接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)室(shi)、接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)箱按(an)無(wu)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)操作規(gui)程接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)。接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)同一(yi)(yi)側面均勻(yun)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)三(san)個(ge)穴(xue)點(dian)，穴(xue)直(zhi)徑(jing)1.5厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，深2厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)左(zuo)右(you)，塊(kuai)狀菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)填滿接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)穴(xue)，每(mei)袋(dai)(dai)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)宜(yi)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)12～14棒(bang)(bang)(bang)，接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)后(hou)(hou)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)外(wai)套薄袋(dai)(dai)。 5、培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang) （1）培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)室(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求。培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)室(shi)應(ying)清(qing)(qing)潔、干燥(zao)、遮(zhe)光、通風(feng)(feng)(feng)，保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)性(xing)好。 （2）培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)。采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)層(ceng)(ceng)架(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)式(shi)發菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)，將菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)逐層(ceng)(ceng)橫放(fang)在栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)層(ceng)(ceng)架(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)上(shang)(shang)(shang)；采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)“#”形(xing)疊放(fang)發菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)，將菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)從(cong)地(di)(di)面起(qi)逐層(ceng)(ceng)交錯(cuo)堆放(fang)，高8～10層(ceng)(ceng)。 （3）培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)管(guan)(guan)理(li)。培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)室(shi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)宜(yi)控(kong)制(zhi)在23～25℃，空氣(qi)(qi)相對濕(shi)度(du)(du)控(kong)制(zhi)在65%～70%。整(zheng)個(ge)發菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)期(qi)應(ying)避光培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)，每(mei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)通風(feng)(feng)(feng)2次，每(mei)次10分鐘(zhong)。接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)(hou)約(yue)10天(tian)(tian)(tian)，菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)落直(zhi)徑(jing)5厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)左(zuo)右(you)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，脫去外(wai)袋(dai)(dai)，增(zeng)(zeng)加穴(xue)口供氧量(liang)，同時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，疏(shu)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)散熱、降低(di)堆高，或(huo)(huo)將菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)疏(shu)散到(dao)(dao)架(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)層(ceng)(ceng)上(shang)(shang)(shang)。在23～25℃的(de)環境(jing)(jing)下(xia)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)25～30天(tian)(tian)(tian)，菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)絲(si)長滿菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)，即(ji)可(ke)(ke)轉(zhuan)入出(chu)(chu)(chu)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)管(guan)(guan)理(li)。 6、出(chu)(chu)(chu)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu) （1）菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)房（棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)）要(yao)(yao)(yao)求。菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)房（棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)）應(ying)清(qing)(qing)潔、通風(feng)(feng)(feng)、有(you)適量(liang)散射(she)(she)(she)光，并能控(kong)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、保(bao)(bao)濕(shi)。宜(yi)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)遮(zhe)陽平棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)內(nei)(nei)搭建(jian)中型塑(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)拱棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)的(de)雙棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)設(she)施(shi)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)，外(wai)層(ceng)(ceng)遮(zhe)陽平棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)高2.5～3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，以(yi)立(li)柱(zhu)支撐棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)頂，立(li)柱(zhu)行距(ju)(ju)4.6米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，柱(zhu)距(ju)(ju)2～3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)頂鋪遮(zhe)陽網，棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)四周圍遮(zhe)陽網或(huo)(huo)草簾。2～6架(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)內(nei)(nei)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)共(gong)(gong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)一(yi)(yi)架(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)外(wai)蔭棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)，較利于(yu)(yu)通風(feng)(feng)(feng)換氣(qi)(qi)。 （2）層(ceng)(ceng)架(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求。一(yi)(yi)個(ge)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)設(she)兩排層(ceng)(ceng)架(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)，層(ceng)(ceng)架(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)寬(kuan)1米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，兩排層(ceng)(ceng)架(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)設(she)邊(bian)道兩條各(ge)寬(kuan)0.7米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、中間(jian)寬(kuan)1.2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)操作道，層(ceng)(ceng)間(jian)距(ju)(ju)28～30厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，共(gong)(gong)5～6層(ceng)(ceng)，底(di)層(ceng)(ceng)距(ju)(ju)地(di)(di)面25厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，頂層(ceng)(ceng)離棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)頂60厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。每(mei)層(ceng)(ceng)沿菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)縱向(xiang)固定(ding)4根(gen)(gen)竹(zhu)木或(huo)(huo)鋼管(guan)(guan)等(deng)架(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)材，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)擺放(fang)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)。架(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)柱(zhu)頂上(shang)(shang)(shang)綁扎(zha)竹(zhu)片(pian)、木料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，呈拱形(xing)或(huo)(huo)脊形(xing)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)覆蓋(gai)薄膜(mo)(mo)(mo)。棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)幅寬(kuan)7.5～8米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)長度(du)(du)以(yi)20～30米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)為(wei)宜(yi)。可(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)毛竹(zhu)、木料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)等(deng)作架(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)柱(zhu)，也可(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鋼管(guan)(guan)焊制(zhi)或(huo)(huo)鋼筋(jin)混凝土預制(zhi)。 （3）出(chu)(chu)(chu)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)。適宜(yi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)16～20℃。 （4）出(chu)(chu)(chu)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)管(guan)(guan)理(li)。將菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)單層(ceng)(ceng)、臥排于(yu)(yu)層(ceng)(ceng)架(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)上(shang)(shang)(shang)，挖除(chu)表(biao)層(ceng)(ceng)老(lao)種(zhong)(zhong)塊(kuai)，接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)穴(xue)口朝下(xia)。采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)面灑水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，微噴加濕(shi)，保(bao)(bao)持(chi)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)房（棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)）空氣(qi)(qi)濕(shi)度(du)(du)90%；保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)有(you)散射(she)(she)(she)光，一(yi)(yi)般要(yao)(yao)(yao)求200～400勒(le)克(ke)斯光照度(du)(du)，誘導原基形(xing)成。經(jing)(jing)4～5天(tian)(tian)(tian)，幼(you)蕾即(ji)從(cong)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)穴(xue)口長出(chu)(chu)(chu)。保(bao)(bao)持(chi)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)房（棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)）空氣(qi)(qi)新鮮，無(wu)悶(men)氣(qi)(qi)感，門(men)窗(chuang)掛(gua)遮(zhe)陽網、草簾，防止(zhi)子實(shi)體(ti)被風(feng)(feng)(feng)直(zhi)吹。溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)高于(yu)(yu)24℃時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)掀開四周塑(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)薄膜(mo)(mo)(mo)，增(zeng)(zeng)加對菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)及(ji)四周的(de)噴水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)次數(shu)和噴水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)；溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)低(di)于(yu)(yu)10℃時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，應(ying)加強保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，適當密(mi)閉塑(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)薄膜(mo)(mo)(mo)，中午溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)較高時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)掀開通風(feng)(feng)(feng)。子實(shi)體(ti)生(sheng)長階段，保(bao)(bao)持(chi)空間(jian)濕(shi)度(du)(du)85%～90%。菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)蕾形(xing)成后(hou)(hou)，約(yue)經(jing)(jing)10天(tian)(tian)(tian)子實(shi)體(ti)發育成熟即(ji)可(ke)(ke)采(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)。 7、采(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou) （1）采(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)。當菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)刺(ci)在0.2～1.5厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，未(wei)彈(dan)射(she)(she)(she)孢子前及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)采(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)。 （2）采(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)。采(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)手(shou)抓住(zhu)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)體(ti)輕輕扭轉(zhuan)拔下(xia)，采(cai)大(da)留(liu)小(xiao)，除(chu)去菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)體(ti)基部雜質(zhi)后(hou)(hou)，按(an)規(gui)格(ge)分級(ji)。 8、采(cai)后(hou)(hou)管(guan)(guan)理(li)。前一(yi)(yi)潮(chao)(chao)(chao)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)采(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)后(hou)(hou)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)清(qing)(qing)理(li)出(chu)(chu)(chu)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)口殘留(liu)物，停止(zhi)噴水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)2～3天(tian)(tian)(tian)，并揭膜(mo)(mo)(mo)通風(feng)(feng)(feng)12小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，使(shi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)點(dian)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)風(feng)(feng)(feng)干，防止(zhi)發霉，促進(jin)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)絲(si)積累養(yang)(yang)分。經(jing)(jing)2～3天(tian)(tian)(tian)養(yang)(yang)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)后(hou)(hou)，再(zai)重復(fu)第(di)一(yi)(yi)潮(chao)(chao)(chao)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)管(guan)(guan)理(li)。經(jing)(jing)7～10天(tian)(tian)(tian)，第(di)二(er)、三(san)潮(chao)(chao)(chao)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)蕾即(ji)可(ke)(ke)出(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)，按(an)第(di)一(yi)(yi)潮(chao)(chao)(chao)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)管(guan)(guan)理(li)。一(yi)(yi)般可(ke)(ke)收(shou)(shou)(shou)3～4潮(chao)(chao)(chao)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)，生(sheng)物學(xue)效率可(ke)(ke)達100%以(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)。 9、分級(ji)。按(an)感官指(zhi)標(biao)分為(wei)一(yi)(yi)級(ji)、二(er)級(ji)和三(san)級(ji) 10、衛生(sheng)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求。應(ying)符合(he)GB 7096《食(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)衛生(sheng)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)》規(gui)定(ding)。 11、檢驗方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)、檢驗規(gui)則、標(biao)志(zhi)、標(biao)簽、包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)、運輸、貯存。按(an)GB 7096《食(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)衛生(sheng)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)》和NY 5095《無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin) 食(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)》規(gui)定(ding)進(jin)行。 12、病蟲害(hai)防治 （1）主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)病蟲害(hai)。病害(hai)以(yi)霉菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(毛霉、脈孢霉、木霉、黃曲霉)、細菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)性(xing)基腐病為(wei)主(zhu)，蟲害(hai)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)蠅、菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)蚊。 （2）預防方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)。一(yi)(yi)是嚴格(ge)檢查種(zhong)(zhong)源(yuan)。二(er)是凈(jing)化栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)環境(jing)(jing)。每(mei)潮(chao)(chao)(chao)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)采(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)后(hou)(hou)要(yao)(yao)(yao)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)清(qing)(qing)理(li)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)殘留(liu)的(de)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)根(gen)(gen)，減少污染源(yuan)。栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)廢料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)要(yao)(yao)(yao)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)運離生(sheng)產(chan)場地(di)(di)。三(san)是出(chu)(chu)(chu)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)期(qi)間(jian)禁用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)農藥，轉(zhuan)潮(chao)(chao)(chao)期(qi)間(jian)如(ru)需(xu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥，按(an)GB/T 8321《農藥合(he)理(li)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)準(zhun)(zhun)則》規(gui)定(ding)執(zhi)行。

六.包(bao)裝標識(shi)相(xiang)關(guan)規定

按照農(nong)(nong)(nong)業部(bu)關(guan)于農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品地(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)關(guan)規(gui)定(ding)，對(dui)常(chang)山(shan)(shan)猴(hou)頭(tou)菇(gu)(gu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)做如下規(gui)定(ding)：凡在(zai)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)范圍內生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)經營的(de)(de)(de)常(chang)山(shan)(shan)猴(hou)頭(tou)菇(gu)(gu)，并按照常(chang)山(shan)(shan)猴(hou)頭(tou)菇(gu)(gu)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)質(zhi)量控(kong)制(zhi)規(gui)范的(de)(de)(de)種植戶，在(zai)產(chan)(chan)品和(he)包裝上使(shi)用(yong)(yong)已(yi)獲得(de)的(de)(de)(de)常(chang)山(shan)(shan)猴(hou)頭(tou)菇(gu)(gu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)，須向(xiang)登記證書持有(you)(you)人提出申請，并簽訂相(xiang)關(guan)合(he)同，按照相(xiang)關(guan)要(yao)求規(gui)范生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)和(he)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)，統一采(cai)用(yong)(yong)產(chan)(chan)品名稱和(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品地(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)公共(gong)標(biao)(biao)(biao)識(shi)相(xiang)結合(he)的(de)(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)(biao)識(shi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)注。縣級以上人民政(zheng)府農(nong)(nong)(nong)業行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)主(zhu)管部(bu)門對(dui)常(chang)山(shan)(shan)猴(hou)頭(tou)菇(gu)(gu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)負有(you)(you)監(jian)督(du)管理(li)職能，定(ding)期對(dui)登記的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)域范圍、標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)等進行(xing)(xing)監(jian)督(du)檢查(cha)。鼓勵單位和(he)個人對(dui)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品地(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)進行(xing)(xing)社會(hui)監(jian)督(du)。使(shi)用(yong)(yong)本地(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)經營者，對(dui)地(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量和(he)信譽(yu)負責，違反本規(gui)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)，由縣級以上人民政(zheng)府農(nong)(nong)(nong)業行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)主(zhu)管部(bu)門依(yi)照《中華(hua)人民共(gong)和(he)國農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品質(zhi)量安全法》有(you)(you)關(guan)規(gui)定(ding)處罰。