一.產品介紹
沂(yi)蒙綠茶(cha)產于(yu)山東(dong)省臨沂(yi)市,俗(su)稱(cheng)沂(yi)蒙山區,屬暖(nuan)溫帶(dai)季(ji)風(feng)區大陸性(xing)氣候,四季(ji)分明,氣候溫和,雨量充沛,光照(zhao)充足,常年平(ping)均降水(shui)(shui)(shui)量800毫米(mi)左(zuo)右,平(ping)均氣溫130C,年平(ping)均日照(zhao)時數2400~2600小時,無霜(shuang)期200多天,境內有眾多丘陵、水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫。獨特的(de)地理(li)位置、優良(liang)的(de)土壤質地和適宜的(de)氣候條件,致使生產的(de)沂(yi)蒙綠茶(cha)具有“芽葉肥(fei)厚(hou)、栗香高爽、滋味(wei)醇濃、極耐沖泡”等品質,飲譽中外(wai)。據測(ce)定,沂(yi)蒙綠茶(cha)中所(suo)含(han)氨(an)基(ji)酸、茶(cha)多酚、水(shui)(shui)(shui)浸出物等指標都較南(nan)方茶(cha)含(han)量高,是一(yi)種理(li)想的(de)健康飲品。
二.自然生態環境
1、地(di)形地(di)貌:臨(lin)沂(yi)(yi)市地(di)處(chu)魯中南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)丘(qiu)陵區東(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)部和魯東(dong)(dong)丘(qiu)陵區南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)部。北部為(wei)(wei)山(shan)(shan)區,南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)部為(wei)(wei)平原(yuan),整個地(di)勢大致呈(cheng)西北高(gao)而(er)東(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)低。南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)部的平原(yuan)為(wei)(wei)沂(yi)(yi)沭(shu)河沖積而(er)成,又(you)稱臨(lin)郯蒼平原(yuan)。這里海拔(ba)高(gao)度一(yi)般在(zai)50米以上,有“山(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)小江南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)”之(zhi)稱。沂(yi)(yi)山(shan)(shan)、魯山(shan)(shan)、蒙山(shan)(shan)、尼(ni)山(shan)(shan)四條主要(yao)山(shan)(shan)脈(mo)呈(cheng)西北-東(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)走向,較大山(shan)(shan)頭100余座。山(shan)(shan)地(di)丘(qiu)陵約占總面(mian)積的61%。
2、土(tu)(tu)質(zhi)特(te)點:全(quan)市(shi)土(tu)(tu)地(di)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)為1718992.74 公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)(25784891.1畝(mu)(mu)),占全(quan)省土(tu)(tu)地(di)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)的(de)(de)10.93%。境內西部、北部為山(shan)區,東部為丘(qiu)陵(ling)區。中南部為平原。山(shan)地(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)313855.00 公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)(4707825.0畝(mu)(mu)),占全(quan)市(shi)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)的(de)(de)18%;丘(qiu)陵(ling)為758812.00公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)(11382180.0畝(mu)(mu))占全(quan)市(shi)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)的(de)(de)44 %;平原洼地(di) 46341.00 公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)(96915115.0畝(mu)(mu)),占全(quan)市(shi)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)的(de)(de)38%。土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)類型可分為:棕(zong)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)、褐(he)土(tu)(tu)、 潮(chao)土(tu)(tu)、砂(sha)姜黑土(tu)(tu)、水稻土(tu)(tu)五類,十一個亞類。其(qi)中,棕(zong)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)615625.5公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)(9234382.5畝(mu)(mu)),占土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)的(de)(de)14.2%;褐(he)土(tu)(tu)503586.70 公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)(75535800.5畝(mu)(mu))占33.7%;潮(chao)土(tu)(tu)242955.30公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)(3644329.5畝(mu)(mu),占16.3 %;砂(sha)姜土(tu)(tu)81217.80公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)(1218267.0畝(mu)(mu)),占5.4%;水稻土(tu)(tu)51261.4公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)(768921.0畝(mu)(mu)),占 3.4%。據2006年全(quan)市(shi)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)普查測定棕(zong)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)中的(de)(de)有機質(zhi)含(han)量平均1.1%、水解氮116.75mg/kg、有效(xiao)磷47.4 mg/kg,速效(xiao)鉀85.4 mg/kg,pH值(zhi)6.5左右。土(tu)(tu)層深(shen)厚(hou),土(tu)(tu)質(zhi)疏松,保水保肥能力強,適合(he)茶樹生長。
3、氣(qi)候特點:臨(lin)沂市屬于典型(xing)的(de)暖(nuan)溫(wen)(wen)帶大陸性季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)風(feng)(feng)氣(qi)候,冬季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)寒冷干(gan)燥,夏(xia)季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)高溫(wen)(wen)多(duo)雨,春季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)多(duo)風(feng)(feng)少雨,秋(qiu)季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)涼爽晴朗,四季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)分(fen)明(ming)。極端最低(di)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)-24、9℃,極端最高氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)40℃。年平(ping)均降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)為856. mm,降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)集中(zhong)在5-8月(yue)份,占(zhan)(zhan)全年降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)的(de)71%;其(qi)季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)節分(fen)布(bu)是3-5月(yue)平(ping)均降(jiang)(jiang)雨量(liang)(liang)為121.2mm、占(zhan)(zhan)14.1%,6-8月(yue)平(ping)均降(jiang)(jiang)雨量(liang)(liang)為545.2mm、占(zhan)(zhan)63.6%,9-11月(yue)平(ping)均降(jiang)(jiang)雨量(liang)(liang)為151.0mm、占(zhan)(zhan)17.6%,12-2月(yue)平(ping)均降(jiang)(jiang)雨量(liang)(liang)為39.4mm、占(zhan)(zhan)4.6%,空(kong)氣(qi)相對濕(shi)度70%左(zuo)右。光(guang)(guang)照資源(yuan)豐富,日(ri)照時間長,光(guang)(guang)照充(chong)足,有利(li)于作(zuo)物光(guang)(guang)合作(zuo)用(yong),常年平(ping)均日(ri)照時數為2458.9小時,占(zhan)(zhan)全年可照時間的(de)55%。
4、水(shui)(shui)(shui)文(wen)情況:臨(lin)沂市境內水(shui)(shui)(shui)系發育(yu)呈脈(mo)狀分(fen)(fen)布(bu),有沂河(he)、沭河(he)、中運河(he)、濱海四大(da)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系,區(qu)域(yu)劃分(fen)(fen)屬(shu)淮(huai)河(he)流域(yu)。主要河(he)流為沂河(he)和沭河(he),有較大(da)支流1035條,10公里以上河(he)流300余條。境內水(shui)(shui)(shui)利設(she)施(shi)配(pei)(pei)套(tao)齊全,地下水(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)充足,農田排灌(guan)(guan)設(she)施(shi)配(pei)(pei)套(tao),水(shui)(shui)(shui)質清澈,無污(wu)染,達(da)到了(le)旱能澆(jiao)、澇能排。同時沂蒙綠(lv)茶種植區(qu)內無大(da)型工廠,灌(guan)(guan)溉水(shui)(shui)(shui)均來自山泉水(shui)(shui)(shui),不受污(wu)染。無“三(san)廢”排放和空氣污(wu)染,也沒有重金屬(shu)污(wu)染歷史。
三.地域范圍
沂蒙(meng)(meng)綠茶產于山(shan)(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)省(sheng)臨(lin)(lin)沂市(shi),俗稱(cheng)沂蒙(meng)(meng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu),山(shan)(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)省(sheng)所轄地(di)級市(shi)。位于山(shan)(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)省(sheng)東(dong)(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)部,地(di)理坐標為:東(dong)(dong)(dong)經117°24′-119°11′、北(bei)(bei)緯34°22′-36°22′,素有“魯(lu)東(dong)(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)大(da)(da)門(men)”之稱(cheng)。它東(dong)(dong)(dong)與日照市(shi)接壤,西連泰安(an)、濟寧和(he)(he)棗莊(zhuang)三(san)市(shi),南(nan)(nan)鄰江(jiang)(jiang)蘇省(sheng)連云港(gang)市(shi),北(bei)(bei)靠濰坊(fang)、淄博(bo)兩(liang)市(shi),為齊魯(lu)大(da)(da)地(di)與江(jiang)(jiang)淮地(di)區(qu)交往的重要通道。臨(lin)(lin)沂市(shi)現轄3區(qu)(蘭山(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)、河東(dong)(dong)(dong)區(qu)、羅莊(zhuang)區(qu))9縣(xian)(xian)(費(fei)縣(xian)(xian)、平(ping)邑(yi)縣(xian)(xian)、蒼(cang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)縣(xian)(xian)、郯城縣(xian)(xian)、臨(lin)(lin)沭(shu)縣(xian)(xian)、莒南(nan)(nan)縣(xian)(xian),沂水縣(xian)(xian)、沂南(nan)(nan)縣(xian)(xian)、蒙(meng)(meng)陰縣(xian)(xian)),南(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)最大(da)(da)距離228千米(mi),東(dong)(dong)(dong)西最大(da)(da)距離161千米(mi),總(zong)面積(ji)17257、52平(ping)方千米(mi),是山(shan)(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)省(sheng)17個(ge)地(di)級市(shi)中面積(ji)和(he)(he)人口(kou)最大(da)(da)的市(shi)。
四.產品品質(zhi)特性特征
1、外(wai)(wai)在感官特征:(1)卷(juan)曲(qu)(qu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)茶外(wai)(wai)形(xing)(xing)(xing):條索(suo)卷(juan)曲(qu)(qu)、緊結、勻整(zheng)(zheng);不(bu)(bu)同級別(bie)茶葉(xie)(xie)色澤從(cong)(cong)(cong)翠綠(lv)(lv)到(dao)(dao)墨(mo)綠(lv)(lv),但不(bu)(bu)得枯黃(huang)、斷碎。內(nei)質:香(xiang)(xiang)氣高,從(cong)(cong)(cong)嫩(nen)(nen)栗(li)香(xiang)(xiang)到(dao)(dao)純正(zheng);湯色從(cong)(cong)(cong)嫩(nen)(nen)綠(lv)(lv)明(ming)亮(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)到(dao)(dao)黃(huang)綠(lv)(lv)明(ming)亮(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang),不(bu)(bu)渾(hun)濁;滋味(wei)(wei)濃醇(chun)、無(wu)異(yi)(yi)味(wei)(wei);葉(xie)(xie)底(di)從(cong)(cong)(cong)嫩(nen)(nen)綠(lv)(lv)明(ming)亮(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)到(dao)(dao)黃(huang)綠(lv)(lv)明(ming)亮(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。(2)扁形(xing)(xing)(xing)茶外(wai)(wai)形(xing)(xing)(xing):光扁平(ping)直,不(bu)(bu)同級別(bie)茶葉(xie)(xie)從(cong)(cong)(cong)光滑到(dao)(dao)扁平(ping);色澤從(cong)(cong)(cong)嫩(nen)(nen)綠(lv)(lv)到(dao)(dao)黃(huang)綠(lv)(lv),勻整(zheng)(zheng)潔凈。內(nei)質:栗(li)香(xiang)(xiang)濃郁,從(cong)(cong)(cong)嫩(nen)(nen)香(xiang)(xiang)到(dao)(dao)純正(zheng);滋味(wei)(wei)醇(chun)厚,無(wu)異(yi)(yi)味(wei)(wei);湯色從(cong)(cong)(cong)嫩(nen)(nen)綠(lv)(lv)明(ming)亮(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)到(dao)(dao)黃(huang)綠(lv)(lv)明(ming)亮(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang);葉(xie)(xie)底(di)從(cong)(cong)(cong)嫩(nen)(nen)綠(lv)(lv)明(ming)亮(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)到(dao)(dao)黃(huang)亮(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。(3)針形(xing)(xing)(xing)茶。外(wai)(wai)形(xing)(xing)(xing):扁平(ping)挺(ting)直,綠(lv)(lv)潤(run)勻齊。內(nei)質:栗(li)香(xiang)(xiang)高而持久(jiu),湯色嫩(nen)(nen)綠(lv)(lv)清澈;滋味(wei)(wei)鮮醇(chun)爽口(kou);葉(xie)(xie)底(di)嫩(nen)(nen)綠(lv)(lv)明(ming)亮(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)均勻。
2、內(nei)在品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)指標:沂蒙(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)綠茶(cha)具有(you)葉(xie)片肥厚、香氣高、滋味鮮爽醇和、耐(nai)(nai)沖泡、湯色嫩綠明(ming)亮、并帶有(you)獨特(te)(te)的(de)(de)(de)板栗香等(deng)特(te)(te)點。這(zhe)些(xie)特(te)(te)點的(de)(de)(de)形(xing)成(cheng)與(yu)(yu)其特(te)(te)有(you)的(de)(de)(de)鮮葉(xie)形(xing)態(tai)與(yu)(yu)內(nei)在營養成(cheng)分是分不開的(de)(de)(de),具體指標為(wei):水(shui)(shui)浸出物40-45%、氨基(ji)酸(suan)4.0-4.5%、茶(cha)多酚(fen)(fen)28.0-32.0%、咖(ka)啡堿(jian)(jian)4.0-4.5%,而南方茶(cha)的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)浸出物為(wei)38.9%、氨基(ji)酸(suan)為(wei)2.39%、茶(cha)多酚(fen)(fen)為(wei)24.61%、咖(ka)啡堿(jian)(jian)為(wei)3.8%。由此可知(zhi),沂蒙(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)綠茶(cha)中所含(han)(han)氨基(ji)酸(suan)、茶(cha)多酚(fen)(fen)、水(shui)(shui)浸出物三(san)項指標較南方茶(cha)含(han)(han)量分別高出155.2%、46.3%、21.9%,而且(qie)茶(cha)多酚(fen)(fen)與(yu)(yu)氨基(ji)酸(suan)比值(zhi)小于10,為(wei)綠茶(cha)品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)最佳比例(li),能使茶(cha)湯清(qing)香甘醇,耐(nai)(nai)沖泡;同時由于沂蒙(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)山區獨特(te)(te)的(de)(de)(de)地理條件,使沂蒙(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)綠茶(cha)含(han)(han)豐(feng)富有(you)益礦物質(zhi)(zhi),因此,沂蒙(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)綠茶(cha)是一種理想的(de)(de)(de)健康飲品(pin)。
3、安全要求:沂蒙綠茶必須達到農業部(bu)“無公害食(shi)品(pin)茶葉”的衛生指標。有(you)《農產品(pin)質量安全法》第三(san)十三(san)條規(gui)定情形的不得上市(shi)銷售。